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The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero ...

The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero ...

The present short essay, drawn from the introductive lecture given by Lucio Villari during the seminar Duc La Nostalgia delle origini. Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento (University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, 7 May 2014). between the famous French architect's thinking and medieval thought. When speaking about Viollet-le-Duc, in fact, one is required to forget the term "restoration" for a while, seeing him in the light of the wider philosophical framework he applied to his own works, in which the rationality of the past was recalled for both a present and a future rationality of architecture. Viollet chose the Middle Ages as his reference period to develop this approach – which is applicable to any historical period – for two main reasons, cultural and political. From a cultural point of view, both the Middle Ages and Romanticism represented two vast avant-gardes, as they broke with traditional aesthetical languages. Using this commonality, from a political point of view, in the 19th century, it was possible to see the Middle Ages as the 'mother and father' of European history. This perception was strong in Italy, but even more so in France where, after the Napoleonic wars, the Middle Ages were seen as the true defining historical period of the country. Through reference to several intellectuals, such as Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi and Charles Baudelaire, Villari proves how Viollet-le-Duc was one of the few who glimpsed the continuity between past and present, developing a notion of the Middle Ages as 'the time and the place' where modern freedom germinated. ; ll presente saggio breve, trascrizione della relazione introduttiva tenuta dal professor Lucio Villari in occasione della Giornata di Studi "La nostalgia delle origini. Viollet-le-Duc e la percezione del Medioevo nell'Ottocento" (Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, 7 maggio 2014), si confronta con il profondo rapporto tra il pensiero del famoso architetto francese e il pensiero medievale. Quando si parla di Viollet-le-Duc, infatti, è necessario dimenticare il termine "restauro" per un istante, guardando all'architetto francese nella più ampia prospettiva della struttura filosofica nella quale inquadrava i suoi lavori, nei quali la razionalità del passato era richiamata sia per la razionalità del presente che del futuro dell'architettura. Viollet scelse il Medioevo come periodo di riferimento per il proprio approccio – applicabile a qualsiasi altro periodo storico – per due ragioni principali, di tipo culturale e politico. Dal punto di vista culturale, sia il Medioevo che il Romanticismo hanno rappresentato, infatti, due grandi avanguardie, poiché in entrambi i casi avvenne una rottura dei linguaggi estetici tradizionali. Dal punto di vista politico, invece, attraverso i Comuni, nel diciannovesimo secolo era possibile guardare al Medioevo come 'la madre e il padre' della storia europea. Questa percezione era fortemente sentita in Italia, ma ancora di più in Francia dove, dopo le guerre napoleoniche, il Medioevo era avvertito come la 'vera' storia del paese. Attraverso il riferimento ad alcuni intellettuali, tra i quali Victor Hugo, Jules Michelet, Simon de Sismondi e Charles Baudelaire, Villari dimostra come Viollet-le-Duc sia stato uno dei pochi a intravedere la continuità tra passato e presente, sviluppando una nozione di Medioevo inteso come "il tempo e il luogo" di origine della libertà moderna.

ENGLISH: This introductory essay consists of two parts. The first is a contextualisation of the overall purpose of the monographic section, as well as a general summary of the questions, issues and themes which we were proposing to debate. The second part is an Appendix, which sets out the guidelines of the database MedItaNunC, which supported some of the research, and now provides not only a large percentage of the source material, but also a methodology about the connections which can be made through the information brought together. The essay looks at the historiography of the subject, including the recent wealth of research published from the perspective of gender studies in this area, and the way in which the Italian material fits into it. It also explains the chosen chronology, and the geographical spread used in the volume, and the important input of archaeology, which has helped propose new questions. Lastly, it sets out the three core themes which run through the other papers in the volume: the links between female monasteries and the city elites, the history of the monasteries concerned in the light of both their foundation and hagiographical myths, their material culture, and their ideological place in the cityscape, and finally, the attempt to identify the difference, if any, between female and male monastic houses. It is hoped that the collection will provide a first panorama of female monasticism across the multiplicity of Italian political and cultural landscape. / ITALIANO: Questo saggio introduttivo si articola in due parti. La prima è una contestualizzazione dello scopo generale della sezione monografica, nonché un sommario generale delle domande, degli argomenti e delle tematiche proposti alla discussione. La seconda parte è un'Appendice, che definisce le linee guida del database MedItaNunC, che è stato alla base di alcune delle ricerche e che adesso fornisce non solo una grande percentuale delle fonti, ma anche una metodologia sulle connessioni che possono essere fatte grazie alle informazioni riunite. Il saggio esamina la storiografia specifica, rilevando la recente ricchezza di ricerche pubblicate sotto il profilo degli studi di genere in questo settore e il modo in cui le ricerche italiane si inseriscono in tale contesto. Spiega anche la cronologia scelta, la copertura territoriale delle indagini attuate per questa sezione monografica e l'importante contributo dell'archeologia, che ha contribuito a proporre nuove domande. Infine, l'intervento espone i tre temi centrali che attraversano i contributi qui proposti e più orientati sulle fonti scritte: i legami tra monasteri femminili e le élite cittadine; la storia dei monasteri alla luce del loro mito di fondazione e della loro agiografia, della cultura materiale e del loro peso ideologico nel paesaggio urbano; e infine il tentativo di identificare la differenza, se esiste, tra monasteri femminili e maschili. L'auspicio è che la raccolta di studi fornisca un primo quadro del monachesimo femminile contestualizzato rispetto a un variegato panorama politico e culturale italiano.

Between the 11th and the 20th century, the monastery of San Miniato al Monte in Florence played a leading role in the religious and cultural life of the city. The volume analyses for the first time the historical and documentary evolution of this regular institute, famous almost only from the architectural and artistic points of view. The book focuses the period of the bishop's patronage in the 11th century, when the monastery and some of its members emerged in the context of the ecclesiastical reform, and continues with the study of the the Olivetan monks community, during the 14th-16th centuries, to arrive at the important structural and functional, but also semantic, transformations of the monument between the 18th century and the contemporary times.

Il tema sviluppato nel presente intervento è il rapporto tra narrazione e (ri)costruzione storica. Si prenderà in esame l'accezione di narrativa correntemente utilizzata nel mondo storiografico facendola dialogare con il paradigma dei global middle ages, espressione coniata nel 2018 dalle storiche Catherine Holmes e Naomi Standen. Per meglio mettere in risalto tali dinamiche un caso di studio sarà offerto dalla vicenda di Federico II, con particolare enfasi alla costruzione biografica e dei miti nel rapporto con le culture altre. Il fine sarà di superare le due tradizionali macro interpretazioni dell'idea di Medioevo, analizzate da Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri e David Matthews: Medioevo arretrato regno di oscurità e Medioevo vagheggiato come luce del mattino, all'origine di molte identità politiche contemporanee – non ultima quella dell'Unione Europea. The topic we intend to develop in this essay is the relationship between narration and historical (re)construction. We will examine the meaning behind the current concept of narrative in historiography, with a dialectical approach towards the paradigm of global Middle Ages, an expression firstly used by historians Catherine Holmes and Naomi Standen in 2018. To perform an in depth analysis of the abovementioned relationship, we will use as a case study the figure of Frederick II. A significant emphasis will be put on the biographical construction and myths, especially in the relationship with other cultures. The aim of our essay is to provide a framework within it would be easier to overcome the two traditional macro interpretations of Middle Ages, studied by Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri and David Matthews: Middle Ages as a backward reign of darkness and Middle Ages as the morning light, at the origin of many contemporary political identities – not least that of the European Union. ; The topic we intend to develop in this essay is the relationship between narration and historical (re)construction. We will examine the meaning behind the current concept of ...

In the context of the intense religious and social renewal known as "Gregorian Reform", the Camaldoli Hermitage and the Vallombrosa Abbey, both located in the Tuscan territory, gave rise to two movements of reform inspired by the spirituality of the respective founders, which later became congregations belonging to the benedictine family. Motivated by common instances, the Camaldolese and the Vallombrosan Orders were similar in some of their essential features and in the dynamics of their expansion. This statement has been the starting point of this work, which aims to formulate a comparative overview of the territorial spread of these reforms in Tuscany, by recording the known settlements and making an inventory of the religious communities interested by this phenomenom, in order to gather a broad range of examples of the way these movements interacted with the local situations in the different areas of the region. The text is enriched by a carthographic appendix illustrating the chronology of these congregations' development in medieval Tuscany.

ITALIANO: Il tema del rapporto tra Verbum e ius, tra fede, legge naturale e diritto positivo, è stato oggetto nel medioevo di un intenso dibattito. Lungi dal rimanere chiuso nei luoghi del sapere, esso è stato affidato da parte ecclesiastica a pratiche pastorali finalizzate a influire in modo concreto sulla stesura delle leggi e sugli ordinamenti non solo religiosi, ma anche civili e statuali. I saggi raccolti nel presente volume rivolgono l'attenzione a quel dibattito, ponendo al centro della propria indagine la predicazione e i predicatori che trasformarono in "comunicazione pubblica" i discorsi eruditi di esegeti, teologi, giuristi e magistri intorno ai concetti di legge, comunità e fede. / ENGLISH: The crucial relationship between faith ("verbum") and law ("ius") has been intensively debated all throughout the Middle Ages. Such a debate was far from being secret and locked in the learning centers. It was quite used by the pastoral care of the medieval Church in order to influence the drafting and/or amendment of legislation, both civil and religious. The texts published in this volume devote special attention to that debate, by focusing on the role of medieval preachers in converting scholars' words on law, community and faith into a public communication addressed to ordinary secular people.

The theme of the relationship between Verbum and ius, between faith, natural law and positive law, was the core of an intense debate during the Middle Ages. It was not restricted to the centres of knowledge; on the contrary, the ecclesiastical entrusted it to pastoral practices with the aim of having a concrete influence on the drafting of religious, civilian and state laws and regulations. The essays collected in this volume focus on that debate, investigating mainly the preaching and preachers who turned the erudite speeches by exegetes, theologians, jurists and magistri on the concepts of law, community and faith into "public communication".