Suchergebnisse

The study investigates the history of prisons in general. In particular, the author outlines how this process has been developed in Romania. The study is conceived and analysed taking into consideration the historical evolution of humanity, firstly the appearance of prisons is approached and afterwards their evolution until the XVIIIth ce ntury. Later on the reform process of the punitive feudal systems until the establishment of modern prisons is analysed. The study pays special attention to the penitentiary system under the communist regime (in particular, the author analyses the penitentiary system in communist Romania). At the end of the study, the penitentiary system in the post-communist period is analysed, suggesting some prospective visions on the future of penitentiaries.

The article begins by recognizing the importance of claiming a popular history that enhances the role of the actors traditionally excluded, as opposed to conventional history of the elites. In this way, its main purpose is to reveal the political interests that under populist speeches, exaggerate oral testimonies to pass them as equivalent to history, to the detriment of the philosophies and theories that even with its shortcomings, have built the scientific nature of historiography. ; El artículo empieza por reconocer la importancia de reivindicar una historia popular que revalorice el papel de los actores tradicionalmente excluidos —en oposición a la historia convencional de las élites—, por lo cual su propósito principal consiste en develar los intereses políticos que, bajo discursos populistas, sobredimensionan los testimonios orales para hacerlos pasar como equivalentes a la historia, en detrimento de las filosofías y teorías que, aun con sus deficiencias, han construido la cientificidad de la historiografía.

An insightful look through the history of punishment and prisons offers a new perspective on the changes that have been undergone or would occur in the Romanian penitentiary system. In the last instance the Romanian punishment and prisons have not displayed the same functions from their origin till now. The study of documents, old chronics and writings of various historians unveil huge differences in thinking the punishment and the role of prison in different historic ages. There were times when the prisons were situated either in the center of society (in country's Principe or boyars' courts) or times when they were placed at society's periphery. The execution was public or hidden. A trip in the history of the Romanian detention system opens a wide window toward the future of this social system.

On March 2022, a few days after the first strikes of the Russian army on Ukrainian territory began, Time Magazine published a special issue on the topic with the title "The Return of History", subtitled "How Putin Shattered Europe's Dreams". As a backdrop, the cover featured a full-page, almost black and white photograph of a military tank with six soldiers looking straight into the camera. Although the phrase was most likely meant metaphorically and is obviously hyperbolic, the cover did express what seemed to be a widespread sentiment: something important had changed, and (Western) Europe was confronted with a reality it had deemed long gone, or at least, safely restrained. For those of us attentive to discourses around history, however, this cover – as many comments and declarations by analysts, journalists and politicians which followed a similar pattern – tapped into fundamental questions about how events are framed in specific temporal and spatial narratives.

Esta aportación intenta establecer una teoría de las instituciones partiendo de la experiencia personal del autor en el estudio de las instituciones medievales. La idea es subrayar la duración y el carácter axiológico de las instituciones, creadas para tutelar ciertos intereses y valores. A pesar de la infinita variedad de supuestos concretos y de la misma amplia área de las instituciones políticas, existen caracteres comunes estructurales. Esta contribución se propone también ofrecer elementos de historia de la historiografía de las instituciones, no sólo desde la óptica del estudioso del Medievo italiano, sino también desde la del hombre que vive en nuestro tiempo. ; This contribution tries to stablish a theory of the institutions starting from the author 's personal experience in the study of the medieval institutions. His intention is to remark the duration and the axiological nature of the institutions, created to protect certain interests and values. Although there is an infinite variety of subjects, and the realm of the politic institutions being so ample, it is possible to find some structural common aspects. This contribution tries also to offer some elements of history of the institutions' historiography, not just from the perspective of someone who studies the Italian Middle Age, but also of a man who lives in our times.

The present article traces an absence of historical sense and its implications in modernity through the diagnosis proposed by Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and other philosophers. I start with Marx's critique on the lack of historical sense of the bourgeois political economy and Nietzsche's concept of "Egypticism" as the idiosyncrasy in philosophy of giving more value to permanence that to change. Then, I use the image of the clock to explore the relation between time and the loss of historical sense in modernity under the light of 20th-century thinkers. Afterwards, I propose a possible origin if the lack of historical sense in modernity through the paradoxical relation between being and time in Aristotle. Finally I offer another interpretation of time, from the perspective of the instant, in Dogen to show how this "history of the instant" can transform the "history of the present" we have traced throughout the paper. In my conclusions, I point out some philosophical and political alternatives of the history of the instant. ; El presente artículo rastrea una falta de sentido histórico y sus implicaciones en la tradición moderna a través de los diagnósticos de Marx, Nietzsche y Heidegger, entre otros. Parto de la crítica de Marx a la falta de sentido histórico en la economía política burguesa y el concepto nietzscheano de "egipticismo" como la idiosincrasia filosófica de valorar lo permanente por encima de lo que deviene. Después, utilizo la imagen del reloj para explorar la relación entre el tiempo y la pérdida de sentido histórico en la modernidad a la luz de pensadores del siglo xx. Posteriormente propongo una posible fuente de dicha falta de sentido histórico en la paradójica relación entre ser y tiempo en Aristóteles. Finalmente, aventuro otra interpretación del tiempo desde la perspectiva del instante en Dogen para mostrar cómo esta "historia del instante" puede transformar la "historia del presente" que hemos rastreado a través del artículo. En mis conclusiones incluyo algunas alternativas filosóficas y políticas de la historia del instante.

Dentro de la presente editorial hacemos referencia
a las diferentes líneas de investigación que como
grupo de investigación tiene Kavilando, dentro
de las cuales se pueden resaltar las siguientes:
• Territorio y despojo
• Conflicto social y paz
• Formación popular
• Historia de las Organizaciones Sociales de Base
Este grupo clasificado actualmente en "D" en
Colciencias, se ha puesto como meta impactar
dentro de la sociedad colombiana con propuestas
y criticas constructivas en pro del mejoramiento de la política, la sociología, la antropología, la
economía y las ciencias sociales en general. En
este apartado se presentaran los fines primordiales de la línea de investigación Historia de las Organizaciones Sociales de Base, y de cuyo trabajo
se presentara más adelante un texto producido
dentro de la presente línea y referente al proyecto
de la guerra como constructor de movimientos
sociales. Dicho grupo es liderado por los investigadores José Fernando Valencia Grajales y Mayda Soraya Marín Galeano.