Suchergebnisse

Stipulates norms about the electric subsector, regarding generation, transmission, running of the national interconnected system, distribution, relations between the user and distributors; and the protection and conservation of the environment.

The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), launched in 2002, has been promoted as an international anti-corruption tool. Several empirical evaluations on the effectiveness of the EITI scheme provide average estimates based on cross-country analysis. However, little empirical work has been conducted on individual case studies, especially in the context of Latin America. Our study uses a Synthetic Control Methodology (SCM) to measure the EITI's impact on several measures of corruption in the first five Latin American countries to join the initiative: Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago. The method allows us to assess the magnitude and statistical significance of the EITI's effect on perceived corruption at each stage of implementation. Our results cast doubt on how decisive the scheme has been in combatting corruption. In the vast majority of cases, participation in the scheme either had no statistically significant effect or even coincided with marginally increased corruption levels (only in very few cases it was associated with temporary minor improvements). Taken together, the results indicate that joining EITI did not lead to a substantial decrease of corruption in any of the countries under scrutiny.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the phenomenon of generating employment through macroeconomic variables (private consumption, government spending, investment and exports) in the employment sector of the economy of Honduras, during the period 2001-2011. Where once characterized the labor sector this article will focus on to dramatize the effect they would have on employment levels of major economic policy measures using theories of modern economics, specifically classic Keynesian models and models that are used for its value and empirical approach to the behavior of the economy of Honduras.The analysis of this information was made through the relationship of macroeconomic variables of aggregate investment, demand and employment generation in the formal sector of the Honduran economy, where we intend to link the labor market using the number and different breakdowns of the total of employed persons, relating to public and private consumption to labor economic problems visible and invisible underemployment, open unemployment. The correlation of variables is a process focused on to compare the effects of major public policy measures in the framework of policy approaches of the leading candidates for office in the election campaigns. The focus of this analysis will focus on possible scenarios to project and effects on employment levels.The results of this research show significant phenomena especially the marginal propensity to consume of Hondurans presenting a high level of resources for consumption and low savings, implying that consumption is the most powerful engine of growth GDP and use of workforce coming from the sectors producing goods and services for final consumption being these agriculture and trade. The recommendations are intended has shown these findings and public policy challenges in the current political context of 2012 and 2013.The function of this research is to provide an early approximation of a technical and broad debate on the effectiveness of public policies on employment, as a tool for decision -making to guide both the private sector as the primary entity in the creation of jobs and the public sector creates opportunities and supportive climates for being competitive and decent jobs for the economically active population.Revista Ciencia y Tecnología, N° 15, December 2014: 111-128 ; El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el fenómeno de la generación de empleo a través de las variables macroeconómicas (consumo privado, gasto público, inversión y exportaciones) en el sector laboral de la economía de Honduras, durante el periodo 2001-2011. Una vez caracterizado el sector laboral, el análisis se centrará en poder escenificar el efecto que tendrían en los niveles de empleo las principales medidas económicas de política pública, utilizando teorías de la economía moderna, específicamente modelos keynesianos y clásicos que se usan por su relación y acercamiento al comportamiento empírico de la economía de Honduras.METODOLOGÍA El análisis de esta información se efectuó a través de la relación de las variables macroeconómicas de demanda agregada e inversión que generan empleo en el sector formal de la economía hondureña, en donde se pretende relacionar el mercado laboral utilizando el número y las distintas desagregaciones del total de personas ocupadas, relacionándolo con el consumo público y privado con los problemas económicos laborales del subempleo visible e invisible, el desempleo abierto. El proceso de correlación de las variables está centrado en poder comparar los efectos de las principales medidas de las políticas públicas en el marco de los planteamientos políticos de los principales candidatos a cargos públicos en las campañas electorales. El énfasis de este análisis estará centrado en poder proyectar posibles escenarios y efectos en los niveles de empleo.Los resultados obtenidos de la presente investigación arrojan importantes fenómenos, en especial la propensión marginal a consumir de los hondureños, presentando un nivel alto de recurso destinado al consumo y el bajo nivel de ahorro, denotando que el consumo es el motor de mayor potencia en el crecimiento del PIB y la utilización de fuerza laboral que provienen de los sectores productores de bienes y servicios de consumo final, siendo estos el sector agropecuario y el comercio. Las recomendaciones están orientadas a estos hallazgos y muestran los retos de las políticas públicas en el marco político actual del año 2012 y 2013. La función de esta investigación es poder proveer el comienzo de una aproximación para un debate técnico y amplio sobre la efectividad de las políticas públicas en materia de empleo, como una herramienta para la toma de decisiones que orienten tanto al sector privado como ente primario en la creación de puestos de trabajo, como para el sector público como ente creador de oportunidades y climas propicios para un empleo competitivo y digno para la población económicamente activa.Revista Ciencia y Tecnología, N° 15, diciembre 2014: 111-128

Serious consideration of the role of humanitarian norms and institutions in policymaking does not require the abandonment of an interest-based, rational actor model of policy analysis. However, it does require that scholars focus their attention on international institutional arrangements which are normally overlooked by realists but which may determine the ways in which policymakers match their interests with policy options. The analysis presented here assumes that policies are based on policymakers' calculations of national interests, but it posits that these calculations are affected by incentives and policy options emanating from international norm-promoting institutions. The study attempts to explain how the intervention of an institution of this type led policymakers in two cases to reassess and reinterpret their interests on issues of humanitarian norm compliance.