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The article presents materials of the semantic reconstruction of ideas of various forms of social protest among young people of two age groups based on the materials of an empirical study conducted in 2020. In the course of the study representatives of two socio-demographic groups of youth from Vladivostok (Primorsky Territory) were interviewed: higher education students aged 18–24 and young adults aged 25–30. The carried out semantic reconstruction allowed to formulate the structural and content characteristics of the young people ideas about the five significant forms of the collective protest: petition, rally, strike, riot and rebellion. The semantic connections of the protest forms with the existential and political values of the young people were revealed. The study also succeeded in reconstructing the emotional component of the protest phenomena ideas. The category structure of the semantic space of ideas about the forms of protest has been determined. Common categories identified on the basis of associations include "values and goals", "subjects", "emotions", "characteristics of a phenomenon", "protest", and "cultural and historical connotations". The general categories of protest assessment, according to the semantic differential (SD), include "iintellectuality and honesty", "hypocrisy and self-interest (honesty)", "peace – aggressiveness", "strength". These categories, identified on the material of associations, in comparison with the categories of thinking obtained using factor analysis of the semantic differential data, allow to reconstruct both rational and unconscious levels of ideas about protest. Comparative analysis of ideas about different forms of protest demonstrates that on an emotional level a rally is the closest to youth. On a rational level, the petition is also positively assessed, while the youth of both groups are dissatisfied with the ineffectiveness of this form in practice. Young people do not associate radical forms of protest (riot and rebellion) with values and goals significant to them. At the affective level, they are perceived mostly negatively.

In general, the identified categories allow to reconstruct the structure of the organization of the subjective experience of perceiving different forms of political and social protest in two age groups of young people. The data obtained in this study can be useful for further study of protest moods, used by state authorities and political parties in practical work.

The article analyzes Lak proverbs with the religious cultural code. The research was based on the descriptive method, syntactical analysis, morphological analysis and cognitive analysis. The proverbs collected from 3 books of Lak proverbs were analyzed from the point of view of semantics, axiological connotations, syntax and morphology. Semantic analysis revealed 6 groups of lexemes: (1) denominations of people; (2) words related to religious pillars and rituals; (3) words related to holy scriptures, religious attributes and terms; (4) words denoting death and afterlife; (5) words denoting commendable religious acts and notions; (6) words denoting sin and punishment. In the course of the axiological analysis there have been defined proverbs with positive evaluation of a person and proverbs with negative characteristics of a person. Positive traits include honesty, piety, decency, erudition and diligence, while negative ones include insulation, indecency, hypocrisy and negligence in the religious worship. Syntactical analysis of the Lak proverbs has revealed the presence of adverbs of asyndetic structure within which there have been established adversative, concessive and comparative relations, as well as of proverbs with copulative and disjunctive conjunctions. Some of the proverbs are based on the principle of alogism. Morphological analysis of the proverbs has revealed the most frequent grammatical tense, the Present Affirmative Tense, which is formed by means of adding the affix -r to the present participle. The Present Affirmative Tense in the Lak language denotes an action as an attribute of the subject which explains the fact of usage of this tense in proverbs that summarize the social experience of the native speakers. Lak proverbs with the given code have not been researched earlier that makes this study relevant.

The article deals with I. Turgenev's story Enough in terms of its role in the writer's work, which has not yet been determined, despite of the increased interest in texts created after Fathers and Sons in recent decades. Enough traditionally attracts researchers as an example of Turgenev's philosophical narrative, saturated with numerous allusions, and as an experience of a new literary form, which, however, is not always seen as successful and relevant to the tasks set by the writer himself. In general, scientific analytics is dominated by the history of the perception of this work by Turgenev's contemporaries, who, with rare exceptions, reacted to Enough negatively. The article offers a brief overview of the responses to Turgenev's story. The main attention of the author of the article was attracted by the judgments of L. Tolstoy. His assessments of Turgenev's Enough varied throughout his life. At first, Tolstoy took the general position of denying this text, although the author of the article saw in some of the writer's 'Schopenhauer' statements in War and Peace an indifferent polemic with Turgenev's judgments from Enough. But already in the 1880s Tolstoy develops a view that Enough is Turgenev's key text, which most capaciously and accurately expresses one of the most important "phases" (in total Tolstoy counted three of them) in the life and work of the writer. Tolstoy was attentive to Turgenev's "phase" of "doubt in everything", appreciated his sincerity and honesty in this matter and saw a close connection between Turgenev's extreme doubt and faith and new religiosity. The author of the article also proposes an analysis of the poetics of Enough in the light of the key topoi and motifs of the writer's prose of the 1850s, traces the correlation of the novel with the characteristic trends in the development of Turgenev's lyrical prose miniature (a combination of lyrical subjectivity and generalization), which confirms the correctness of Tolstoy.

The purpose of this article is to analyze working youth's attitudes towards competition as one of the most essential merits in modern Russian society. Working youth's value orientations had developed during a time when market economy was already prevalent in Russian society, with competition playing a vital role in its operation. However, in recent years, youth attitudes towards competition have hardly even been studied. A social constructivist approach was used as the theoretical-methodological foundation for this article. The empirical base for this study consists of a questionnaire survey of Tyumen province's working youth (N = 956), employed at 20 organizations in the cities of Tyumen, Tobolsk and Ishim. This article considers how young people evaluate the concept of "competition" using the semantic differential method aided by ten specially constructed antinomic scales, as well as their competitive ability, determined by means of self-assessment. On a verbal level, respondents predominantly regard competition as something important, but immoral, uncomfortable and unpleasant. A contradiction became apparent between verbal evaluations of the concept of "competition" and the results attained by means of factor analysis. It was determined that a more important factor describes the complete internalization of competition on behalf of respondents as one of the most important merits in modern life, as its approval as a mechanism for achieving success in life. A significantly less important factor expressed a variable which describes a positive attitude among working youth towards competition, primarily as something beneficial, essential and effective. Also used were methods such as cluster and correlation analysis. In particular, the article demonstrates correlations between evaluations on varying scales of semantic differentiation and the self-assessments of competitive respondents. It was determined those partaking most effectively in competition were those young men and women who do not view competition in terms of moral principles, and who are not preoccupied with honesty when it comes to competing. When conducting further research, it would seem reasonable to analyze the place which competition occupies in the general structure of the basic values of modern working youth.

В настоящей статье детально определены научные исследования вьетнамских ученых в области паремиологии, рассмотрены признаки, отличающие пословицы от поговорок, с выделением таких параметров, как значение, функция, структура, синтаксис. На этой теоретической основе проанализированы национально-культурные особенности пословиц и поговорок вьетнамского языка, фиксируемые источниками с конца 90-х годов XX века. Подобно пословицам и поговоркам разных стран мира, вьетнамские пословицы и поговорки представляют собой особую форму народных знаний, социально-исторического опыта, накопленного за тысячелетия. В статье делается вывод о том, что паремиологический фонд вьетнамского языка отражает аграрный статус страны, ее патриархальный уклад, вербализуя особенности сельской жизни. На материале проанализированных паремий выделены провербиальные концепты, характерные для вьетнамского народа, такие как «воля», «стойкость», «трудолюбие», «верность», «честность», «коллективизм», «красивая внешность» (о девушке). Особое место занимают гастрономический и соматический коды и связанные с ними провербиальные смыслы. Соматический код часто применяется во вьетнамских поговорках для выражения психологических и эмоциональных состояний человека. В заключении подчеркивается необходимость изучения языковых особенностей паремий, их роли и функционирования с целью достижения большего коммуникативного эффекта.
This article provides the scientific research of Vietnamese scholars in the field of paremiology, considers the features that distinguish proverbs from sayings, highlighting such parameters as meaning, function, structure, syntax. On this theoretical basis, the paper analyses the national-cultural features of proverbs and sayings of the Vietnamese language that have been recorded since the late 90s of the 20th century. Like proverbs and sayings of different countries of the world, Vietnamese proverbs and sayings represent a special form of folk knowledge, socio-historical experience accumulated over millennia. The article concludes that the paremiological fund of the Vietnamese language reflects the agrarian status of the country, its patriarchal way of life, verbalizing the peculiarities of rural life. On the material of the analyzed paroemias, the paper highlights the verbial concepts characteristic for Vietnamese people such as "will", "resilience", "diligence", "loyalty", "honesty", "collectivism", "beautiful appearance". The gastronomic and somatic codes and related proverbial meanings occupy a special place. Somatic code is often used in Vietnamese proverbs to express psychological and emotional states of a person. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of studying the linguistic features of paroemias, their role and functioning in order to achieve a greater communicative effect.

Настоящая статья посвящена языковой репрезентации прошедших президентских выборов в американских СМИ и нацелена на анализ языковых фактов, в которых манифестируется отношение к кандидату на пост президента США - Д. Трампу. Статьи о выборах президента всегда характеризуются различной степенью оценочности, т. е. в условиях конкуренции кандидатов и определенного ограниченного количества избирателей отрицательная и положительная оценка кандидатов вербализуется посредством языковых средств, уже имеющих оценочный компонент в значении, или же оценка может возникать контекстуально. Языковые факты, в которых проявляется негативное отношение к Д. Трампу, численно преобладают по сравнению с примерами, в которых Д. Трамп оценивается положительно. Оценочная сторона дискурса президентской кампании проявляется в виде парной структуры, в которой негативная оценка нечестного/глупого/жадного Д. Трампа, его стремление к наживе/прибыли при минимальном словесном уважении к нему в дискурсе подается на фоне языковых фактов, в которых описывается компетентность/честность/опытность Дж. Байдена. Авторы приходят к выводу, что негативное отношение к Д. Трампу в период выборов отличается использованием более разнообразных языковых средств по сравнению с его положительной оценкой.
This article is devoted to the linguistic representation of the past presidential elections in the American media and is aimed at analyzing the linguistic facts in which the attitude towards the candidate for the US presidency, D. Trump, is manifested. Articles on presidential elections are always characterized by varying degrees of evaluativeness, i.e., in the conditions of competition between candidates and a certain limited number of voters, negative and positive evaluations of candidates are verbalized with the linguistic means that already have an evaluative component in the meaning, or the evaluation may arise contextually. Linguistic facts in which a negative attitude towards D. Trump is manifested numerically predominate in comparison with the examples in which D. Trump is evaluated positively. The evaluative side of the discourse of the presidential campaign manifests itself in the form of a paired structure, in which a negative evaluation of the dishonest/stupid/greedy D. Trump, his desire for profit with minimal verbal respect for him is presented in the discourse against the background of linguistic facts describing the competence/honesty/experience of J. Biden. The authors come to the conclusion that the negative attitude towards D. Trump during the election campaign is distinguished by the use of more diverse linguistic means compared to his positive evaluation.