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A simple formal model is presented to analyse intercensal changes in the relative earnings of immigrants. A number of factors are analysed, including a change in the relative observed quality of immigrants, a change in the relative prices of observed skills, and assimilation. The model is applied to 1981 and 1991 Hong Kong census data and shows that although there is economic assimilation in the narrow sense at an estimated rate of approximately 1.55 percent p.a., earnings of immigrants diverge from earnings of natives because their relative returns to schooling declined.

Many people believe that good documentation systems are vital for quality performance of a company. However, if the system is not optimized or it does not take the specific industry into consideration, inefficiency may result. Therefore, in the process of implementing the ISO 9000 standards, careful matching between the standard requirements with the practical characteristic of the industry is very important. Based on a questionnaire survey of the electronics industry in Hong Kong, this paper describes the research findings in searching to optimize the documentation system for this industry.

Research on social movements suggests that when protesters use violence, public opinion often turns against them, unless the observers already view the protesters as extremists. This creates what we refer to as an "asymmetric liability," where by moderate protest movements are held to a higher standard of civility than more extreme ones. Based on a survey experiment surrounding the 2019 protests in Hong Kong, we show that violence undercuts Chinese public sympathy when movements are framed around rights-based agendas but has little impact when protesters are portrayed as separatists. Pairing our survey results alongside media trends offers suggestive evidence that mainland respondents became less sympathetic to anti-government protesters and slightly less sensitive to protest violence as state media began depicting protesters as radical separatists.

This article tracks the prosecution of Leung Kwok Hung and Others through the Hong Kong courts, from the magistracy to the CFA, for offences of holding and assisting in the holding of an unauthorised assembly. The six judgments, spanning three courts and as many years, illustrate at least three very different approaches to the issues in the case. Each has, in addition, distinctive and important points of interest. Together they form a fascinating collage. For this reason, after a brief description of the legislative provisions and established legal background for constitutional challenge to legislation in the HKSAR, each judgment is given separate attention, with a particular emphasis on the CFA judgments, and the practical implications of that decision. The final part of the article deals with the 'rightness' of the CFA decision. Although the CFA majority did make an important contribution to an understanding of this area of the law, the author concludes that, with regard to Part III of the Public Order Ordinance, the court missed the opportunity to deal with some of the most important issues. ; published_or_final_version

A review of social work practice research in Hong Kong identified 969 articles published over 50 years. Four main areas of their content were analyzed: (a) authorship, (b) practice area, (c) target clientele, and (d) research method. Our results showed that academics had produced most of the research publications (81%). The most common practice areas were children and youth (20%), mental health (19%), family (19%), and the elderly (11%). Youth (22%), the elderly (14%), and family and parents (14%) were the top three client groups. The majority of the methods (47%) used were quantitative, comprising mostly correlational methods (41%). The future development of Hong Kong's social work practice research should build on current achievements and promote more practitioner–researcher collaboration.

This article provides the first empirical study on how the perceived changes of marital satisfaction affect marital stability using a unique data set obtained in Hong Kong. It is found that the change of marital satisfaction due to extramarital affairs clearly increases the probability of divorce, but it is not the only determinant of marital instability. In particular, the presence of dependent children in a family and good marital quality before the discovery of extramarital affairs would lower the probability of divorce. Moreover, this article generates several interesting policy implications. (JEL D1, J1)

Solid waste management is a challenge for large urban areas around the world. Removing garbage from residential, institutional and commercial locations in cities is a major logistical and operational task. Waste management is usually a function of local government, and is often a city's largest budget item. Solid waste generation rates are rising fast, particularly in cities experiencing increasing population rates and higher economic activity, putting pressure on municipal governments to deal with rising costs and environmental impacts. This case study examines waste management practices in three cities: New York City, Hong Kong and Beijing. We begin by assessing New York City to provide an overview of waste management practices in a large, complex U.S. city. We then focus on Hong Kong, and finally on Beijing, to provide detail on the waste management practices of two major Chinese cities and learn how they are dealing with the growing volume of waste generated by these large cities. In each of the three cases we describe the history of waste management in that locale, the status of waste management today, and discuss the challenges faced in each location. Finally, we compare the practices in these cities, and detail the technical, managerial and political issues that define the waste management system in each place.

Flyvbjerg argues that power often overrides rationality as power wielders frequently portray 'rationalisation' as rationality to define 'truths' that justify their actions. When power is great, rationality diminishes. In confrontation, rationality yields to power. In this paper I contest these arguments. Through differentiating the concept of power into 'outcome power' held by those with privileged access to authority and 'social power', the power of resistance vested in everyone, and by distinguishing the concept of rationality into 'technical', 'strategic' (rationalisation), and 'value' rationalities, I assert that, in confrontations, individuals with social power can counteract outcome power and develop their value rationality to reproblematise issues for transformative changes. A study of the reclamation debates in Hong Kong illustrates how social power has augmented value rationality, challenging the government's outcome power and its rationalisation for further harbour reclamation, reproblematising the harbour as a unique natural heritage feature worthy of protection by law.

In the past decades, the performance of shopping centres under government owned was far from satisfaction. Subsequent to the divestment exercise in 2005, HA still owns a small number of remaining shopping centres. In 2012, there was a critical new trial for HA in developing a flagship regional shopping centre, Domain in Yau Tong. Superficially, this new HA shopping mall gives no difference from other private shopping centre no matter in design, outlook or internal layout. The essential point is that HA has made great effort to enhance the attractiveness of Domain. The success of Domain will be influential in the future development of public shopping centres. This research paper will use the SCATTR instrument factors as a measurement to do the questionnaire survey in order to assess whether the difference in management practices will affect the attractiveness of public and private shopping centres in Hong Kong taking consideration of the main management factors of goal complexity, formalization, political control and social responsibility. From the questionnaire survey of shoppers and interview result of managers, I find that, in a certain extent, positive or negative effect to the attractiveness of shopping centres are resulted from the difference in management of public-private sector. Basing on the research findings for relatively weaker in the attraction of public shopping centre, recommendations are given with inclination to the public sector side. Some but not all governmental problems like quality of housing management staff, the traditional barriers & constraints as well as accountability are identified and recommendations are also proposed. However, the essence does not argue that public or private sectors are better but awareness of the differences will enable both sectors" managers to be more effective in their own environments. The choice of tools used should balance between the policy compliance and problem solving. ; published_or_final_version ; Housing Management ; Master ; Master of Housing Management