Suchergebnisse

This paper maps key indicators of household structure across all countries for all countries of the expanded European Union except Malta. As well as presenting statistics which take the entire household as the unit of analysis, we also focus on groups which are particularly interesting in terms of social policy, and for whom household composition may be particularly crucial in terms of their risk of poverty: children, young adults and elderly people. A main aim of the paper is to discuss the extent to which the new EU member states of Eastern Europe display differences and similarities with the other countries of the EU. We find that the Eastern European countries are rather heterogeneous. The Czech Republic and Hungary are not dissimilar to the countries of North-Western Europe; by contrast, households in Slovenia, Slovakia and Poland closely resemble Southern European households. Finally, it is the Baltic states - particularly Latvia - where household structure least resembles structures in any of the pre-enlargement EU countries.

This paper examines the effects of demographic structure on the evolution of inequality in Italy from 1977 to 1995, and on its inequality ranking relative to 11 of the other 14 European Union countries in the mid-1990s. The composition of Italian households was substantially different in 1995 both from that observed in the two preceding decades, and from that recorded in other EU countries. The distance between mean equivalent disposable household incomes in various demographic groups varied significantly over time and between countries. Nevertheless, demographic effects on inequality appear on the whole to be secondary. The following results hold, irrespective of the correction for demographic differences: (1) inequality in the distribution of equivalent disposable incomes between persons showed considerable fluctuations but no particular medium-term tendency in Italy; (2) in the mid-1990s Italy was, together with the United Kingdom, the EU country with the highest inequality, a result which is only partly explained by the regional dualism of the Italian economy.

This article is concerned with convergencies and radiations of the family and household structures in Guatemalan society and their possible relation to sub-cultural styles and personality types. Survey procedures with formal analytical devices are combined in an effort to supersede methodological difficulties making compatible the analysis and quantification of a large number of cases with a systemic view of the family. Kinship, consanguinity-affinity, lineality-collaterality, and generation are used as structural variables in the description, analysis, and comparison of the families of the five major social segments of Guatemalan society. These segments are: Traditional and Modified Indians, Rural Ladino (nonIndian) and Low, Middle, and High Urban. Comparisons across stages of the household-family cycle were made possible by the subdivision of the total 1,105 family sample into two comparable sub-samples defined by the age of the female head of the household. The results obtained contradict a variety of misconceptions and prejudices regarding the family in various social segments including the Traditional Indian and the Middle Urban, and they may provide a useful platform for gaining a better understanding of how Guatemalan society is assembled and works, and for identifying sources of tension and conflict within it.

BACKGROUND: Contraceptive use in Nigeria has been consistently low despite its many benefits and several efforts by government and development partners to increase its uptake. According to the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, the use of any modern method staggeringly increased from 4 to 12% over 28 years (1990–2018). Studies have identified factors at the individual, household, and societal levels that affect contraceptive use. While studies have also shown that decisions such as contraceptive behavior and acquisition of family skills may vary according to the individual or societal factors, there is a dearth of knowledge on how household structure and composition influence contraceptive use in Nigeria. This article seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge by exploring contraceptive use within the household context. METHOD: We used data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to examine the relationship between household structure and contraceptive use. We excluded pregnant and non-married women at the time of the survey from the sample and used multinomial regression analysis to examine the likelihood of using traditional or modern methods of contraception. RESULTS: Results show that having a large household size, and the presence of multiple wives in the household significantly reduces the likelihood of using any method of contraceptive. The result further shows a significant association between household wealth index and contraceptive use as the use of any method increases with household wealth index, with those from richest households being twice as likely as their counterparts in the poorest households to use traditional methods (OR:2.02, p < 0.05). Also, women living in households headed by older men (25 and above), households with under 5 children, and those living in rural areas have significantly reduced likelihood of using any method. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the dynamics of contraceptive use among married women considering household composition. While our study serves ...

While cultural rules are important in determining the structure and size of households in populations, economic and demographic constraints are of equal, if not of greater, importance in determining household characteristics. This paper argues that the demand for labor having certain characteristics (related to skilling, monitoring costs, and the capacity to signal trainability to prospective employers) has played an important role in shaping household structure and size in prewar Japan both through its indirect impact upon the vital rates and through its direct impact on who stays in the household and who goes out on a temporary and/or permanent basis. The diffusion of rice cultivation agriculture and by-employments during the Tokugawa period changed the demand for farm household labor and led to a regime of moderate sized stem family households. Analysis of a data set with economic and demographic data for approximately 1,000 towns and villages circa 1930 bears out the importance of the demand for labor in conditioning household size and structure in prewar Japan.

While cultural rules are important in determining the structure and size of households in populations, economic and demographic constraints are of equal, if not of greater, importance in determining household characteristics. This paper argues that the demand for labor having certain characteristics (related to skilling, monitoring costs, and the capacity to signal trainability to prospective employers) has played an important role in shaping household structure and size in prewar Japan both through its indirect impact upon the vital rates and through its direct impact on who stays in the household and who goes out on a temporary and/or permanent basis. The diffusion of rice cultivation agriculture and by-employments during the Tokugawa period changed the demand for farm household labor and led to a regime of moderate sized stem family households. Analysis of a data set with economic and demographic data for approximately 1,000 towns and villages circa 1930 bears out the importance of the demand for labor in conditioning household size and structure in prewar Japan.

Develops a typology for the common forms of household arrangement, using individual-level data from the 1980 Census. Only a small percentage of teenage mothers head their own households; the majority live with others. The patterning of household structure is related to age, marital status, race, poverty, and school enrollment. (Abstract amended)