The article investigates the role of government in improving the living standards of the population by creating and implementing a strategy of market development of affordable housing based onresidential mortgage lending, providing for the establishment of the institutional environment of the market mortgage lending and a system of direct government involvement in housing socially important sectors of the population.
В статье исследуется проблема эволюции принципов жилищного права. Автором сравниваются различные подходы к их возникновению и закреплению как в теории, так и в действующем законодательстве. В статье делаются выводы о специфике принципов жилищного права и необходимости совершенствования жилищного законодательства в этой части. ; The paper investigates the problem of the evolution of the principles of housing law. The author compares different approaches to their emergence and consolidation, both in theory and in the current legislation. The paper draws conclusions about the specifics of the principles of housing law and the need to improve housing laws.
This paper considers various factors affecting housing prices in Moscow with special attention to societal conditions — particularly the quality of education provided by schools within the neighborhood. Today in Russia, children are enrolled in elementary school on the principle of territorial priority, which means that children living within the area of a given school are entitled to be enrolled there. Do parents take into consideration the quality of school education when purchasing a property? Are they prepared to pay extra for an access to better education? Does this extra amount depend on housing prices? These are the main questions of this study. To answer them, the paper analyses the best affordable school rating's impact on accommodation prices. Not only parents, but also the real estate market would be interested in the results. Moreover, this research contributes to the understanding of migration patterns within the city. It helps determine the factors affecting someone's choice of property. The findings will provide a more accurate assessment of decision-making in urban planning and education.
The aim of the study is to assess the innovative potential of housing construction through determining the purchasing power of citizens acquiring housing in the property. In terms of hypothesis the study offers the term of acquiring housing in property as a criterion for this assessment. This indicator displays the change in the purchasing power of citizens under the influence of various externalities. The analysis of this indicator allows us to determine the influence of these factors on the change in the purchasing power of population, to identify the reserves that contribute to its increase, and to identify the policies aimed at innovative development of construction industry. The article assesses the innovative development of housing through an in-depth analysis of factors affecting the change in the term of housing acquisition in the Russian Federation at large, as well as in the context of individual subjects of the Central and North-Western Federal Districts of Russia in the period from 2017 to 2018.
The authors consider one of the aspects of the socio-cultural integration of migrants into the host society. The integration of migrants is interpreted by a wide range of scientists as the process of including newly arrived in various spheres of life of the host society. Usually, there are three to four such spheres. Access of migrants to housing in the host country is an important indicator of integration in the socio-economic sphere. As a rule, in Russian and foreign studies, access to housing is assessed through a comparative analysis of the living conditions of migrants and the host population. However, access to housing and housing conditions are not exactly the same thing. Rather, access implies the potential for housing. To assess such a possibility, an experimental method that allows the researcher to test various hypotheses and control the variables of interest is more suitable than a mass survey or available statistical data.
The article contributes to the methodology for studying migrants' access to housing in the host country. It proposes a new approach to its assessment and presents the first results of its approbation. In the course of the experiment carried out by the authors, the influence of the citizenship of potential tenants on access to high-quality and low-quality housing in Moscow was measured, as well as the willingness of landlords to register migrants on their property.
Significant differences in the access of migrants from different CIS countries to renting Moscow accommodation were revealed. The most loyal attitude is towards Belarusians and Ukrainians, the least preferable are immigrants from Central Asia, especially citizens of Tajikistan. In addition, it was found that all groups of migrants are seriously limited in their ability to obtain a valid migration registration due to the unwillingness of the owners of residential premises to fulfil their obligations to "register" foreign tenants. This obviously impedes their integration in the political and legal sphere of the host society, since a foreign citizen in the Russian Federation without a genuine document on migration registration, even with all other permits, is a person with an unregulated legal status.
Housing lending is one of the fastest growing and most promising segments of Bank lending in the country. The article analyzes the main factors of housing mortgage lending dynamics in Russia and some of its regions: subjects of the Russian Federation of the Volga Federal district. The latest features of the relevant regional mortgage markets, including those reflecting the reality of the beginning of this year, are revealed. In the near future, the author substantiates the forecast conclusions, according to which: a) if the overall positive dynamics of the all-Russian and regional mortgage markets is maintained, their growth will slow down; b) if the monetary authorities implement an effective anti-crisis policy, including providing effective support to these markets, their degree of competitiveness and consolidation will increase.
The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors that continues to monitor the level of housing deprivation of the Russian population based on criteria standards. The scales of groups that differ in quantitative and qualitative parameters of housing conditions are identified, and estimates of the distribution of the population by the level of housing deprivation and monetary income are obtained. We have identified higher levels of housing poverty among the Russian population that exceed the level of monetary income poverty, as well as a significant number of population groups whose housing conditions do not meet the requirements of the criterion standard that determines the middle level of housing deprivation. Priorities for solving problems in the sphere of housing deprivation of the population are identified and mechanisms for their implementation are proposed.
The work carried out a scientific analysis of the concepts of "right to housing" and "housing rights". It has been established that "the right to housing" and "housing law" are different concepts. It is proved that the citizens' exercise of the constituti ; В работе осуществлен научный анализ понятий «право на жилье» и «жилищные права». Установлено, что «право на жилье» и «жилищное право» являются разными понятиями. Доказано, что осуществление гражданами конституционного права на жилье происходит преимуществ ; В работе осуществлен научный анализ понятий «право на жилье» и «жилищные права». Установлено, что «право на жилье» и «жилищное право» являются разными понятиями. Доказано, что осуществление гражданами конституционного права на жилье происходит преимуществ
In conditions of intense spatial transformation of Moscow agglomeration (MA), driven by housing construction and migration from Russian regions to MA, urgent task is to build a integrated model of key economic and spatial drivers and outcomes of the transformation. In the article a new model of spatial equilibrium in MA is developed. The model includes three modules: 1) spatial equilibrium model for labour and housing markets in MA; 2) model of dynamic equilibrium between migration and housing construction in MA; 3) model of distribution of housing construction by zones of MA. In the first module equilibrium values of the population, employment and wages are predicted for concentric zones of MA (central business district – CBD, urban zone and zone of new construction). In the second module the equilibrium between migration from Russian regions to MA and new housing construction is shown. The deviation from equilibrium leads to an adjustment of incentives for migration, change of migration flows and finally rebalancing of equilibrium and reproducing of real income gap between MA and other Russian regions. The module 3 describes distribution of housing construction by concentric zones of MA, providing equal profitability of development projects due to adjustment of land prices. Despite the rather generic nature of the model, it is already able to reproduce several trends in spatial evolution of the MA in recent decades, especially the transition from extensive development phase with the spread of urban area in the Moscow suburbs in oil spot fashion and hyper-dense development of CBD, to intensive phase with in-depth development of the main "body" of the city. The model stresses how closely are integrated processes in the largest agglomeration (of Russia and in the national settlement system. The model shows howthe political and economic processes through changes in rents and agglomeration effect change incentives for work, life and construction in different areas of MA and form the fate of different urban territories. The model describes the reverse side of the coin, how interregional migration is affected by the internal structure of the Moscow agglomeration. When making decision on the promotion of housing construction, especially largescale economy-class greenfield projects of on the periphery of agglomeration, the city implicitly accepts the decision to increase migration from Russian regions, affecting the national system of settlement in Russia. ; В условиях высокой интенсивности пространственной трансформации Московской агломерации (МА) за счет жилищного строительства и миграции насущной задачей становится изучение взаимосвязи этих процессов. В данном исследовании эта задача была решена путем построения модели. Она включает три блока: 1) модель пространственного равновесия для рынков труда и жилья в МА; 2) модель динамического равновесия между миграцией и строительством жилья в МА; 3) модельраспределения строительства жилья по зонам МА. В блоке 1 для трех зон МА (центрального делового района, зоны сплошной застройки и зоны нового строительства) с учетом маятниковой миграции определяются равновесные значения населения, занятости и зарплат. В блоке 2 определяется равновесие между уровнем миграции и жилищным строительством в МА, воспроизводящее разрыв в реальных доходах между МА и другими регионами России. Отклонение от равновесия при-ведет к корректировке стимулов для миграции, а изменение ее уровня восстанавливает равновесие. В блоке 3 показано, как поведение девелоперов за счет адаптации цен на землю определяет локализацию строительства по зонам МА. Несмотря на обобщенный характер модели, она способна воспроизвести ряд тенденций пространственной эволюции МА, в том числе закономерный переход отэкстенсивной стадии развития с расползанием застройки и гиперуплотнением центра к интенсивной стадии с углубленным освоением основного "тела" города. Модель показывает, как тесно связаны между собой процессы в крупнейшей агломерации страны и национальной системе расселения, как именно политико-экономические процессы через изменение ренты и агломерационного эффекта меняют стимулы для работы, проживания и жилищного строительства в разных зонах агломерации и определяют судьбу городских территорий. Модель описывает также влияние внутренней структуры МА на межрегиональную миграцию. Наращивая строительство, особенно жилья эконом-класса в гринфилд-проектах на периферии агломерации, город неявно принимает решение об увеличении миграции и влияет на всю систему расселения России.
Данная статья посвящена изучению влияния материнского капитала на демографическую ситуацию в современном российском обществе во взаимосвязи с решением жилищных проблем. Дана оценка реализации жилищной политики, обосновано воздействие жилищных проблем на развитие структуры семьи. Авторы относят жилье к категории первичных потребностей человека, приводят определение жилищной политики, анализируют проблемы ее реализации. Целью статьи является изучение влияния материнского капитала на репродуктивные установки супругов с учетом системы его расходования. Методом глубинного интервью при участии 50 женщин авторами было проведено исследование, которое показало, что значительное число респондентов планирует потратить материнский капитал на улучшение жилищных условий семьи. Также было выявлено, что данная программа достаточно результативна: она помогает начать решать жилищный вопрос людям, испытывающим потребность в приобретении собственного жилья. На основании проведенного исследования был сделан вывод, что материнский капитал позитивно влияет на решение демографических проблем страны и репродуктивные установки супругов, способствует решению жилищной проблемы семей. ; The article studies the problem of increasing effectiveness of housing policy in the context of society's demographic security. We analyzed the implementation of housing policies and justified the impact of the housing problems in the development of family structures. We studied the problems of housing and the prospects for their solutions and analyzed the value of property for a person as a primary human need. We considered the definition of housing policy and analyzed the problems of its implementation, the influence of the maternity capital on the demographic situation in the contemporary Russian society in relation to housing solutions. The results of in-depth interviews aimed to study the effect of maternity capital, demographic situation in the society and to solve the family housing problems. The aim of the study is to examine the influence of the maternity capital on reproductive attitudes of spouses taking into account the disbursement system of maternity capital. We used the method of in-depth interview during which 50 women benefiting from the maternity capital were interviewed. The study showed that a significant number of the respondents are planning to spend the maternity capital on the improvement of their living conditions. Also, in-depth interview revealed that, in general, this program is quite productive. It helps at least to begin solving the housing problems of the people who have a need to buy their own hosing. We concluded that the maternity capital has a positive impact on the solution of demographic problems of our country and contribute to solving the housing problems of families. Thus, we can say that the maternity capital program is a real help to the government in addressing the housing problems of Russian families and affects the reproductive attitudes of spouses.
In the article new type of contract for lease of dwelling premise intended for social needs is analyzed. Peculiarities of contract were identified; its correlation with other types of contracts for lease of dwelling premises is carried out. The necessity of improvement of some provisions of housing legislation, regulating the contract for lease of dwelling premise intended for social needs in terms of indication of criteria for the determination of subject matter of a contract, its subject-matter, basis for the rescission of the contract is substantiated. ; В статье анализируется новый вид договора найма жилого помещения в фонде социального использования. Выявлены особенности договора, проведено его соотношение с иными видами договора найма жилого помещения. Подчеркивается необходимость доработки положений жилищного законодательства, регулирующих договор найма жилого помещения в фонде социального использования, в части указания критериев для определения субъектного состава договора, его содержания, оснований расторжения.
Implementation of socially oriented principles and market tools is main direction of Russian housing and communal economy branch reformation aimed at proving the population with decent housing conditions. At present, owners of dwelling facilities are bound to maintain and repair them at their own. If dwellings were privatized in houses that were to be overhauled, respective current and capital repairs work is to be carried out by the state in accordance with norms. Housing and communal economy branch reformation assistance Fund and Program are created in the country, the latter being organized on the co-financing principle (major part of means needed for the repairs is provided by Fund, lesser part – by regional and local governments, some 10% – by the owners). Coordinated activities of governmental, scientific and business organizations as well as dwelling owners are needed for further sustainable development of the branch. ; Основное направление реформирования жилищно-коммунального хозяйства (ЖКХ) – реализация социально ориентированных принципов и инструментов рыночной экономики в этой отрасли, цель – обеспечение населению достойных условий проживания. Теперь собственники жилых помещений обязаны за свой счет осуществлять текущий и капитальный ремонт дома. В приватизированных домах, требующих капитального ремонта, за государством сохраняется обязанность производить капитальный ремонт этих домов в соответствии с нормами. В стране созданы Фонд и Программа содействия реформированию жилищно-коммунального хозяйства. Программа осуществляется на условиях софинансирования: большую часть денег выделяет Фонд, часть – региональные и местные бюджеты; около 10% должны внести сами жители-собственники. Нужны согласованные действия власти, науки, бизнеса и населения в интересах дальнейшего устойчивого развития отрасли.
