Abstract : The de jure government has given full support in improving the quality and quantity of women's political, affirmative strategy of 30% quota for women. However, this strategy can not guarantee women's role in politics optimally. Therefore, sanggatlah important to make efforts to improve the quality and quantity of the representation of women's representation in politics. Especially in the context of democracy, which should give the right to the same opportunities to all the people, both men and women in voicing their aspirations as a manifestation of their political rights. Untuuk realize it all, required education as a vehicle for increasing women's political empowerment and the ability to actualize their role as citizens. Abstrak : Secara de yure, Pemerintah telah memberikan dukungan penuh dalam meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas politik, strategi afirmatif perempuan kuota 30% bagi perempuan. Namun, strategi ini tidak dapat menjamin peran perempuan dalam politik secara optimal. Oleh karena itu, sanggatlah penting untuk membuat upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas representasi keterwakilan perempuan dalam politik. Terutama dalam konteks demokrasi, yang harus memberikan hak untuk kesempatan yang sama untuk semua orang, baik laki-laki dan perempuan dalam menyuarakan aspirasi mereka sebagai manifestasi dari hak-hak politik mereka. Untuuk mewujudkan itu semua, diperlukan pendidikan sebagai wahana untuk meningkatkan pemberdayaan politik perempuan dan kemampuan untuk mengaktualisasikan peran mereka sebagai warga negara
Women's Rights are rights held by a woman, because she was a human being and as a woman who has the dignity of humanity. Women's rights are part of human rights. As part of Human Rights, the Rights of Women is also provided in the Constitution is the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. In particular, Women's Rights set in CEDAW which was ratified by the government through Act No. 7 of 1984 on ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Regulation on Rights of Women, giving responsibility and requires the state to respect, to protect and to fulfill the rights of Women. Hak-Hak Perempuan adalah hak yang dimiliki oleh seorang wanita, karena dia manusia dan sebagai seorang wanita yang memiliki martabat kemanusiaan. Hak-hak perempuan adalah bagian dari hak asasi manusia. Sebagai bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia, Hak Perempuan juga disediakan dalam Konstitusi Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945. Secara khusus, Hak-Hak Perempuan diatur dalam CEDAW yang telah diratifikasi oleh pemerintah melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 tentang ratifikasi konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan. Regulasi tentang Hak Perempuan, memberikan tanggung jawab dan membutuhkan negara untuk menghormati, melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak perempuan ; Abstract : Women's Rights are rights held by a woman, because she was a human being and as a woman who has the dignity of humanity. Women's rights are part of human rights. As part of Human Rights, the Rights of Women is also provided in the Constitution is the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945. In particular, Women's Rights set in CEDAW which was ratified by the government through Act No. 7 of 1984 on ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Regulation on Rights of Women, giving responsibility and requires the state to respect, to protect and to fulfill the rights of Women. Abstrak : Hak-Hak Perempuan adalah hak yang dimiliki oleh seorang wanita, karena dia manusia dan sebagai seorang wanita yang memiliki martabat kemanusiaan. Hak-hak perempuan adalah bagian dari hak asasi manusia. Sebagai bagian dari Hak Asasi Manusia, Hak Perempuan juga disediakan dalam Konstitusi Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia tahun 1945. Secara khusus, Hak-Hak Perempuan diatur dalam CEDAW yang telah diratifikasi oleh pemerintah melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 tentang ratifikasi konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi terhadap Perempuan. Regulasi tentang Hak Perempuan, memberikan tanggung jawab dan membutuhkan negara untuk menghormati, melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak perempuan
Abstract : Domestic violence is a human problem, because in it there is a dimension of human rights violations. Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence are limitative have determined the distribution of the roles of each stakeholder in handling domestic violence cases. Stakeholders involved include the government as a representation of the state, NGOs, families, advocates, law enforcement officers, medical workers and clergy personnel. The number of stakeholders involved in the handling of domestic violence menginditifikasikan that domestic violence is a serious human rights crimes. Porposional division of roles between the state and the non-state institutions in the handling of domestic violence shows these regulations relevant to the concept of civil society in Indonesia.Abstrak : Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah persoalan kemanusiaan, karena di dalamnya berdimensi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, telah menentukan distribusi peran masing-masing pemangku kepentingan dalam menangani kasus-kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat termasuk pemerintah sebagai representasi negara, LSM, keluarga, advokat, aparat penegak hukum, tenaga medis dan rohaniawan. Jumlah pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat dalam penanganan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga mengindetifikasikan bahwa kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah kejahatan hak asasi manusia. Pembagian porposional peran antara negara dan lembagalembaga non-pemerintah dalam penanganan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga menunjukkan peraturan hukum tersebut relevan dengan konsep masyarakat madani di Indonesia.
In the era of independence, guided democracy, the new order, until the era ofgovernance reform in Indonesia tended to override the importance of diversity.Power consolidation tends to deny the existence of customary law community unitsand is usually accompanied by etatism tendencies. This article describes how theexistence and regulation of customary law community units as subjects ofConstitutional Law. The conclusion obtained is that the existence and regulation ofcustomary law community units as subjects of constitutional law in the legal systemof the Republic of Indonesia constitution is guaranteed and recognized based on theprovisions of Article 28 B paragraph (2) article and 28 I paragraph (3) of the 1945Constitution, as well as in Article 6 UU no. 39 of 1999 concerning human rights
This research will examine the double standards of US foreign policy against the coup in Egypt in 2013, given that the US intervention against the Middle East region is very dominant. Attention and the US response be different in response to the case of the coup in Egypt. US seemed to not make this case as a priority despite the coup led to the violation of human rights and democracy. The response shown by the US is very different compared to the US intervention against Iraq and Libya are rated US itself as defending human rights and democracy in the region. The purpose of this research is to find out why the US double standards in its foreign policy related to the Egyptian coup. Data will be explored through literature method (library research). Overall the data will be correlated with foreign political theory of rational actor models that can explain the reason for choosing the attitude of the US double standard in a coup in Egypt in 2013 based on the selection and cost-benefit considerations on the measures taken. The results of this paper indicate that the indication of the double standards shown by the US to Egypt coup influenced by the victory of the Muslim Brotherhood (IM) as a political Islam that could interfere with the stability and US interests in the Middle East. Some of the options and the consequences have been considered by the US in response to the case, including participating ignoring their violations of democracy and human rights in the case even though it was contrary to the foundations and principles of US foreign policy. Another indication that support multiple standards is the response of US allies in the Middle East, such as Israel, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates who consider IM as a threat to the stability and the Middle East region. Keywords: US double standards, US foreign policy, coup Egypt, political Islam, Muslim Brotherhood Penelitian ini akan mengkaji standar ganda politik luar negeri Amerika Serikat terhadap kudeta di Mesir tahun 2013, mengingat bahwa intervensi AS terhadap kawasan Timur Tengah sangat dominan. Perhatian dan respon AS terlihat berbeda dalam menanggapi kasus kudeta di Mesir. AS seolah tidak membuat kasus ini sebagai prioritas walaupun kudeta tersebut berujung pada pelanggaran HAM dan demokrasi. Respon yang diperlihatkan oleh AS sangat berbeda jika dibandingkan dengan intervensi AS terhadap Irak dan Libya yang dinilai AS sendiri sebagai upaya penegakan HAM dan demokrasi di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mencari tahu mengapa AS bersikap standar ganda dalam politik luar negerinya terkait dengan kudeta Mesir. Data akan ditelaah melalui metode kepustakaan. Keseluruhan data akan dikorelasikan dengan teori politik luar negeri model aktor rasional yang dapat memaparkan alasan AS untuk memilih sikap standar ganda dalam kudeta Mesir 2013 berdasarkan pemilihan dan pertimbangan untung-rugi atas tindakan yang telah diambil. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indikasi standar ganda yang diperlihatkan oleh AS terhadap kudeta Mesir dipengaruhi oleh kemenangan Ikhwanul Muslimin (IM) sebagai political Islamyang dapat mengganggu stabilitas dan kepentingan AS di Timur Tengah. Beberapa pilihan dan konsekuensi telah dipertimbangkan oleh AS dalam merespon kasus ini, termasuk ikut mengabaikan adanya pelanggaran demokrasi dan HAM dalam kasus tersebut walaupun hal tersebut bertentangan dengan landasan dan prinsip politik luar negeri AS. Indikasi lain yang mendukung standar ganda ialah respon sekutu AS di Timur Tengah, seperti: Israel, Arab Saudi, dan Uni Emirat Arab yang menganggap IM sebagai ancaman bagi stabilitas dan kawasan Timur Tengah. Kata kunci: standar ganda AS, politik luar negeri AS, kudeta Mesir, politik Islam, Ikhwanul Muslimin
Main factor of marginalization in social, cultural, educational and political living isn't only mistake thought or mind set toward women but also becouse of being supported by holistical texts which are poor critical interpretations toward Al-qur'an verses and deeds of prophet Muhammad. This writing aims to analize some misogini deeds which deem that women are placed as the second human who are unappropriate in entering men stage, so discoursed interpretations have consequence for marginalizing women into the edge of women deadlock in giving voice at their rights and duties, refering to the historical facts, on mattes pertaining to prophet Muhammad age showed that women weren't as people thought about women living without getting their rights and duties as men ones, other wisw on the real facts, they struggled together with men to acquire rights and duties equally and to avoid discrimination as an impact of sex and gender gaps.
Since the fall of the New Order regime, the courage to sue the state began to reverberate dipentas unitary national politics. The emergence of the idea of a federal state (united state) is the antithesis of the implementation of regional autonomy in Indonesia based on Law No.5 of 1974 on the Principles of Local Government is in the very setralisti. Through these legal instruments are the restraints and the dominance of local independence done so strict and systematic. Though conceptually the real regional autonomy is the freedom of movement (of expression) should be given to the autonomous regions to conduct their own initiatives to manage the interests of society in the region. Therefore there is a presumption that the imposition of the concept of regional autonomy through the form of a unitary state did not take the welfare of people in the region because the laws on local government implementation of the new order which is conceptually very repressive, also followed well as the behavior of authoritarian governments, harassing human rights, setralisme power sucking resources into the central region. To overcome this, then the solution is the democratization and decentralization of power through regional autonomy the broadest, not by changing the form of the state of federalism, but by changing the way state officials are concerned interestexistence of regions including the utilization of natural resources equity and pluralism (diversity) regions. This is where the importance of regional autonomy as one of the vanguard of the unitary Republic of Indonesia guard.Keywords: Unitary - Federal - Regional Autonomy
Abstract Arthasastra book first examines community by explaining the purpose trayi, anvikshiki, Varta, and danda within the framework of human existence. Then went on to explain warnasrama dharma as the foundation of social order and the general obligations that apply to everyone. As a statesman, Kautilya pay great attention to work and power. Arthasastra reflected elements of democracy, as described in the conception of democracy among other kingdoms or states recognize diversity; folk in the free association or organization; cooperation are independent and harmonious; seek justice; contained the separation and division of powers; powers acquired under the law; election of state officials based on moral qualities and skills; government policy implemented by law; carried out in a planned leadership succession; no freedom of individuals to develop their talents and interests; ensure the protection of the rights and welfare; magnitude of taxes and trading profits stipulated by the agreement, and dispute resolution institutionalized by prioritizing peace. Key Word: Democracy, Arthasastra, politics and the state.
Funds of district development sourced from district of earning and budgeting (APBD) constrained when source of revenue rely on district revenue (PAD) as like as taxes. An act penetration innovatory solution is needed to solve the budget deficit problem such as the potency of Sharia bonds (Sukuk). This article discusses what kinds of potency that become strengths and weaknesses then how opportunities and challenges are faced by Banten Province in an effort to take advantage of sukuk as the source of development budgeting in Banten. Furthermore, what strategis are effective to apply in an attempt to make sukuk as the source of development budgeting in Banten. An analysis of classical SWOT (SWOT Analysis-K) used to solve the problem above. First step of SWOT-K analysis is identifying the internal and external factors faced by the Banten province to take advantage of sukuk as a source of development budgeting in Banten. Second is making combination of internal and external factors. Final step is formulating appropriate strategies to be sukuk as an alternative of development funding in Banten. Result of SWOT-K anafysis in Banten Province has the power of aspects of economic resources as basic capital to make use of sukuk for regional development budgeting. Whereas there are two weakness become obstacles, there are human resources and government management. Besides, the market opportunity to make use of sukuk is widely open because Banten Province is one of the provinces that have a positive economic growth. Opportunities become greater with decentralization right in district financial management, but faced challenges are none of juridis basis for the implementation of district sukuk. The existence of UU SBSN does not yet give potency for district to take advantage of sukuk as APBD because the utilization of new sukuk is allowed for APBN. Priority strategic is improving the quality of human resources in field of Sharia finance by increasing professionalism and accountability in management. Improvement of the quality of human resources is accompanied by efforts to encourage the central government and the legislature to revise the constitution of governing district finances in order that accommpodate the source of society loans as instrument of district Sharia bonds (sukuk). Keywords: Budgeting, Bonds, Sukuk, Banten, APBD.
The discussion of public information disclosure in the village in the midst of a paradigm shift from goverment to governance is very interesting indeed. This places the strategic position of the village community not only as an object of service and development but also as a subject of development in the village. Various facts show that the village has not become a major concern in the development of information disclosure. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The required information is collected using narrative interviews, observation and literature study. Informants from the study were determined purposively using snowball sampling. In this article, the four levels of the Williamson model are used to analyze it. The results show that the development of public information institutions in the village in Serang Regency at the macro and micro levels has not supported the realization of information disclosure in the village. It can be seen at level one that various informal rules in the form of traditions, norms and habits that live in rural communities are not yet compatible in supporting the formal rules of information disclosure. At the second level, there has not been any recognition and awareness of either the public or public organizations to fulfill the public's rights regarding the disclosure of public information. At the third level, the institutional governance of public information disclosure has not been developed effectively to be able to minimize transaction costs. At the fourth level, the systematization of rules related to authority, organization, administration, human resources, finance, hierarchical relations, supervision, as well as work procedures and mechanisms need attention.
In the 1970s,Indonesiais one of thepoorest countries inAsia. In 1976, 54million people in Indonesia(40% of the population) belong to the categoryof poor. In1980-1990anperiodis a period ofhigh economic growth. High economicgrowthis closely linkedwithpoverty reductiondrasticallywhere the numberof poor peoplefell by almost50% from40millionto 22million peoplein 1981s/d1996.In the year2010 the numberof poor peopleamounted to31.02 million people, or about 13:33% andthe poverty ratein March2009 amounted to32.53million, or about 14:15% (BPS). LastBPS dataperSeptember 2013shows that there are28.59millionor11.66% ofthe totalpopulationinIndonesia.PovertyinIndonesia hasdecreasedsignificantlysincethe reformera. Acceleration ofpoverty reductionprogramsinIndonesiais donewithgoodsynergywork programsatnational and local levels. Poverty reduction programscurrently dividedinseveralclusters: Cluster(1) Direct AidSociety(BLM). Thisclusterincludes theSchool Operational Assistance(BOS), Community Health Insurance(Assurance), Ricefor the Poor(Raskin), Family Hope Program(PKH). Cluster1goalistoreducepovertyandimprove thequality ofhuman resources, especiallythe poor.Cluster (2) is the national community empowerment Program (PNPM) independently. The purpose of PNPM Mandiri is to increase prosperity and employment opportunities of the poor independently. Cluster (3) people's business credit (KUR) is a people's business credit is given to the poor without collateral to the community a certain amount. Purpose to provide and strengthening economic access for businessmen of small and micro-scale. An important aspect in strengthening is giving them freely to access of the poor to be able to try and improve the quality of life.In 2011 the Government carry out a Cluster of clusters of four. This Cluster includes: (1) the provision of the House very cheap, (2) a cheap public transport Vehicles, (3) clean water to the people, (4) enhancement of Life for fishermen, (5) improvement of Urban Edge Community Life. The 4 Cluster in the framework of poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), so the expected goal of the Millennium Development Goals (the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 is reached. As it known that the millennium development goals (the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is an attempt to meet the basic needs of the rights of man through a joint commitment between the 189 UN Member States to implement the 8 (eight) Millennium development goals, namely (1) tackling poverty and hunger, (2) achieve primary education for all, (3) encourage gender equality and the empowerment of women, (4) reduce child mortality, (5) improve maternal health, (6) fight against spread of HIVAIDS, malaria and other contagious diseases, (7) Living and Sustainability (8) global partnership in development. Eight of these targets as measurable goals for a single package of development and poverty reduction.In September 2000, the United Nations Millennium Summit, where world leaders agreed on eight development goals that are specific and measurable global called the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The first seven goals focus on eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promoting gender equality and empowering women, reducing child mortality; In September 2000, the United Nations improve maternal health, combat HIV-AIDS, malaria and other diseases, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Whereas the eighth goal calls for the establishment of a global partnership for development, with targets for aid, trade and debt relief.However approach the year 2015, global world will experience the transformation of the global development of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) into Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The shifting of the MDGs to the SDGs doesn't mean the goal contained in the MDGs fail is reached. Quite the contrary, many world records that reveal the success in various countries, there is a remarkable improvement experienced by the poor countries in the ranking of HDI (human development index) the lowest. In the last 40 years, the State- countries that are in the lowest rank of 25 percent experienced improved HDI to 82. The IMF report in the 2013 Global Monitoring Report also explain the positive trend in the achievement of the MDGs. reduction of half of the world's poor population, reduction of half of the population without access to clean water, the Elimination of gender inequality in primary education in 2015, and the improvement of life in a hundred million slums by 2020 was reached more quickly, i.e. in 2010. ADB, a number of countries in Asia also experienced progress in achieving the millennium development goals. The number of poor population has decreased significantly in Malaysia, Viet Nam and China. In Thailand and Malaysia, long-term policies to overcome poverty coupled with their concern for the environment has made the countries that are in the lowest rank of 25 percent experienced improved HDI to 82. The IMF report, these countries are on a sustainable growth path. But not so the case with Indonesia, a country with a diversity of biodiversity in forests is raining but the risorsis contained therein are not managed sustainably and fairly.Programme of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) will be forwarded to Suistanable Development Goals (SDGs). The MDGs will expire in 2015, but until now there has been no final draft which will forward the MDGs program. to that end, scientists and many quarters trying to deepen the concept of SDGs as successor to the MDGs. Keywords: Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), primary education, maternal health, clean water.
