Annotation: In late 2014, the mother of a young woman who was on board the Malaysia Airlines aircraft which was shot down over eastern Ukraine in the summer of 2014 brought a case against Ukraine before the European Court of Human Rights. The applicant claimed that Ukraine had failed to close its airspace and in doing so had violated the human rights of her daughter. This raises a number of issues concerning the applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights to the current situation in parts of Ukraine which are not under the full control of the Ukrainian government. Both Russia and Ukraine are parties to the European Convention on Human Rights. Every victim of a human rights violation who was under the jurisdiction of a state party at the time in question can bring a case to the European Court of Human Rights. The issue of jurisdiction is distinct from the title to a territory under international law. It is possible that Russia, directly or indirectly, is exercising jurisdiction in some parts of Ukraine. This, however, does not mean that Ukraine would have lost all legal responsibility. There might still be a residual responsibility of Ukraine. In addition, the question has to be asked if there are domestic remedies which would have to be exhausted before bringing a case to the European Court of Human Rights. Residents of parts of Ukraine currently controlled by Russia should not be required to exhaust remedies offered by Russia in order for their case to be admissible to the European Court of Human Rights.Key words: Ukraine, Russia, Crimea, Donbass, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, MH17.
Annotation: In late 2014, the mother of a young woman who was on board the Malaysia Airlines aircraft which was shot down over eastern Ukraine in the summer of 2014 brought a case against Ukraine before the European Court of Human Rights. The applicant claimed that Ukraine had failed to close its airspace and in doing so had violated the human rights of her daughter. This raises a number of issues concerning the applicability of the European Convention on Human Rights to the current situation in parts of Ukraine which are not under the full control of the Ukrainian government. Both Russia and Ukraine are parties to the European Convention on Human Rights. Every victim of a human rights violation who was under the jurisdiction of a state party at the time in question can bring a case to the European Court of Human Rights. The issue of jurisdiction is distinct from the title to a territory under international law. It is possible that Russia, directly or indirectly, is exercising jurisdiction in some parts of Ukraine. This, however, does not mean that Ukraine would have lost all legal responsibility. There might still be a residual responsibility of Ukraine. In addition, the question has to be asked if there are domestic remedies which would have to be exhausted before bringing a case to the European Court of Human Rights. Residents of parts of Ukraine currently controlled by Russia should not be required to exhaust remedies offered by Russia in order for their case to be admissible to the European Court of Human Rights.Key words: Ukraine, Russia, Crimea, Donbass, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, MH17.
The problem of human rights has not lost its relevance since the French Revolution and the United States' victorious struggle for independence. It became especially topical in the years of the Second World War. At each of these historical frontiers, significant legal acts were adopted to guarantee human rights and freedoms. But in the second decade of the XXI century, this problem arose with new acuteness. Ter- rorist attacks, separatism, illegal migration have become a real challenge to international law and order. Unfortunately, these threats have not escaped Ukraine either. The conflict of principles of human rights and state sovereignty has led to numerous conflicts. Their heavy consequences forced politicians and experts to focus on the fact that the prevailing the secular interpretation of human rights and freedoms' concept foundation results critical failures. So, there is a task to reveal the true existential sources of human rights and freedoms concept. In addition to the practical political and legal aspect, this issue also has a significant scientific philosophical and law significance.The article aims to reveal the role of the Christian tradition in the formation and development of human rights and freedoms concept.This research opposes the radical secularist views and argues that human rights and freedoms, which was recognized by international law 70 years ago as a result of UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights adoption, have their roots in God's Law. This law was notified by Moses 1300 years before Christ, but the Gospel became their real genuine spiritual source. Christ's commandments of love and charity addressed not only to their neighbors, but also to persecutors and offenders, laid the humanistic value foundation of the human rights system. Acceptance of human as God's creation, which has a mission of salvation through Christ, determines the core definition of human rights and freedoms concept - human dignity. The starting point in the theoretical substantiation of human rights provenance is the concept of natural law, initiated by the famous Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas. According to Aquinas, natural law derives from God's law. The logic of Thomism caught up with Protestant philosophers dialectically led jurisprudence from the general Christian concept of natural law to natural rights and human rights. So, they are objective and independent of the other people's actions or inaction. Protestantism has put individual freedom at the head of Christian values. At the same time, the Christian tradition proceeds from the fact that freedom without responsibility and love leads to the loss of freedom. This thesis was thoroughly substantiated by Immanuel Kant, and was philosophical formulated in his famous categorical imperative. Endeavor to solve the dilemma of the co-relation between freedom and responsibility led Christian thinkers to the necessity of substantiating the cardinal virtue - justice. The category of justice logically generated the concept of equality, which is the cornerstone of human rights and freedoms concept. Other fundamental provisions, including non-discrimination norms, come from it. Christian respect for human dignity and the aspiring for equality naturally give rise to such a basic principle of human rights concept as solidarity, which is most characteristic of Orthodoxy, and embodied in the norms that proclaim the right to a decent standard of human being. Thus, a holistic Christian tradition is the primary source of all three generations of human rights. This fruitful source continues to supply the value content of human rights and freedoms concept, which is the kernel of international and civilized states' legal systems. ; У статті порівнюються принципи і норми, закріплені у Загальній Декларації прав людини та інших базових міжнародно-правових актах, які гарантують права і свободи людини, із біблійними заповідями. Показано, що теологічні та філософські концепції томізму, кальвінізму і кантіанства, обґрунтувавши фундаментальні цінності природного права, справедливості, рівності, людської гідності, свободи та відповідальності, заклали фундамент розумінню прав людини як об'єктивних невідчужуваних сутностей. Охарактеризовані особливості трактування прав і свобод людини у католицькій, протестантській і православній традиціях. Робиться висновок про те, що кожна з християнських конфесій зробила свій внесок у генезу усіх трьох поколінь прав людини. Доводиться, що сучасний концепт прав і свобод людини має джерелом християнську духовну традицію.
The article analyzes the main human rights provisions in palliative care. Palliative care as a separate type of medical care has been enshrined by legislation since 2011. This kind of care consists in the medical guarantee program and is already actually used at the primary care level. ; У статті проаналізовано основні положення, пов'язані з правами людини в сфері паліативної допомоги. Паліативна допомога як окремий вид медичної допомоги закріплена законодавчо з 2011 р. Цей вид допомоги входить у програму медичних гарантій і вже нині реалізується на рівні первинної допомоги.
The article analyzes the main human rights provisions in palliative care. Palliative care as a separate type of medical care has been enshrined by legislation since 2011. This kind of care consists in the medical guarantee program and is already actually used at the primary care level. ; У статті проаналізовано основні положення, пов'язані з правами людини в сфері паліативної допомоги. Паліативна допомога як окремий вид медичної допомоги закріплена законодавчо з 2011 р. Цей вид допомоги входить у програму медичних гарантій і вже нині реалізується на рівні первинної допомоги.
Purpose: to explore the theoretical and legal foundations of respect for human rights in the system of basic European values. Research methods: general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization; comparative law, philosophical, historical, special law. Results: on the basis of the study and analysis of European legislation, the analysis of the basic basic values of the European Union was identified and analyzed, including: respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law, respect for human rights; their essence and content in the conditions of European integration processes in Ukraine are revealed. In today's world, these basic values must be clear to every Ukrainian, as they unite Ukrainian society with Europeans more than even laws or intergovernmental agreements. European values are worldview principles on the basis of which reforms are carried out in Ukraine, which will allow citizens to live in a comfortable and safe country, travel and study freely, and know that the state has uniform laws. It is up to each of us to move towards membership of the European Union. It is the European worldview based on values - is the basis of the well-being of the European Union, and Ukraine's European integration is a change in worldview principles at all levels of life and a movement towards European well-being. Discussion: today, the path of the EU is taking place at a very tragic time, when many Ukrainians who profess European values are losing their lives defending Ukraine's independence and sovereignty in the fight against the Russian aggressor. We believe that Ukraine will win, become a candidate for accession, given the price it paid on the path to independence and democracy. It is obvious that scientific and legal education in the field of human rights is a vital condition for building respect for human rights and preventing their violation, which will be an important contribution to building a civil society that respects the rights of each member, with a high level of legal ...
The article is devoted to the consideration of the role and place of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in the administration of justice by Ukrainian courts. It is stated that the modern world cannot be imagined without the interaction of national legal systems with the system of international law. The socio-political and socio-economic conditions of the present day further emphasize the interconnection between these systems of law, which has long gone beyond purely theoretical reasoning and has become a practical application. The main manifestation of the influence of international law on domestic law is the harmonization of the content of national law with the provisions of international law. As a rule, such harmonization occurs by borrowing international legal norms into national law or by adopting national norms that are consistent with the principles and norms of international law. The judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights is considered as a source of law, taking into account the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "About implementation ofdecisions and application of practice of the European courton human rights"t has been determined that despite the fact that the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On the Enforcement of Decisions and Application of the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights" have been in force for more than 10 years, the application of the provisions of the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights by national courts case review and decision making is more of an exception than a rule. It is noted that references to acts of the European Court of Human Rights are still isolated cases and have an additional character, which gives reason to define the European Court of Human Rights own practice as a subsidiary source of law. Gaps and contradictions in current legislation, including the lack of a clear approach to the application of European Court decisions by Ukrainian courts, ...
In this article the question of genesis of human right is considered on labor in Ukraine. Laws were analyzed that were accepted by English parliament, and also expression of scientists-philosophers is analyzed, and how it influenced on development of human right on labor. Times of Kyiv Rus were also analyzed when in some laws the certain guarantees of human right were created on labour. Analyzed times under the direction of Bogdan Khmelnytskyi, when serfdom that also gave to the certain guarantee of right to work was simplified. An author were the analyzed times of Ukrainian Republic of People's and what influence they had on development of right to work. Were investigational the analyzed international legal norms.Key words: right to, human right, work, labor, legal guarantees. ; У поданій статті розглянуто питання генезису права людини на працю в Україні. Проаналізовано закони, прийняті англійським парламентом, а також висловлювання науковців-філософів та їх вплив на розвиток права людини на працю. Досліджено надання певних гарантій права на працю, починаючи з часів Київської Русі і до проголошення незалежності України. Окрему увагу приділено періоду визвольної боротьби під проводом Богдана Хмельницького, коли було спрощено кріпосне право. Автором було проаналізовано часи Української Народної Республіки та вплив прийнятих на той час правових актів на розвиток права людини на працю. З'ясовано поняття права людини на працю в міжнародно-правових документах, зокрема Конвенціях МОП.Ключові слова: право, право людини на працю, праця, правові гарантії. В данной статье рассмотрен вопрос генезиса права человека на труд в Украине. Проанализированы законы, принятые английским парламентом, а также высказывания ученых-философов и их влияние на развитие права человека на труд. Отдельное внимание уделено временам Киевской Руси, когда в некоторых законах были созданы определенные гарантии права человека на труд. Проанализирован период освободительной борьбы под руководством Богдана Хмельницкого, когда было упрощено крепостное право. Автором были проанализированы времена Украинской Народной Республики и влияние принятых в то время нормативных актов на развитие права человека на труд. Были исследованы и проанализированы международно-правовые нормы.Ключевые слова: право, право человека на труд, труд, правовые гарантии. In this article the question of genesis of human right is considered on labor in Ukraine. Laws were analyzed that were accepted by English parliament, and also expression of scientists-philosophers is analyzed, and how it influenced on development of human right on labor. Times of Kyiv Rus were also analyzed when in some laws the certain guarantees of human right were created on labour. Analyzed times under the direction of Bogdan Khmelnytskyi, when serfdom that also gave to the certain guarantee of right to work was simplified. An author were the analyzed times of Ukrainian Republic of People's and what influence they had on development of right to work. Were investigational the analyzed international legal norms.Key words: right to, human right, work, labor, legal guarantees.
Стаття присвячена аналізу муніципальних прав людини як члена територіальної громади, визначенню конституційно-правової регламентації цих прав та особливостей їх реалізації, виявленню недоліків та прогалин в законодавчому регулюванні окремих муніципальних прав. ; Статья посвящена анализу муниципальных прав человека как члена территориальной общины, определению конституционно-правовой регламентации этих прав и особенностей их реализации, выявлению недостатков и пробелов в законодательном регулировании отдельных муниципальных прав. ; This article analyzes the municipal human rights as a member of a local community, the definition of the constitutional and legal regulation of these rights and the characteristics of their implementation, identify weaknesses and gaps in the legislative regulation of individual municipal rights.
Стаття присвячена аналізу муніципальних прав людини як члена територіальної громади, визначенню конституційно-правової регламентації цих прав та особливостей їх реалізації, виявленню недоліків та прогалин в законодавчому регулюванні окремих муніципальних прав. ; Статья посвящена анализу муниципальных прав человека как члена территориальной общины, определению конституционно-правовой регламентации этих прав и особенностей их реализации, выявлению недостатков и пробелов в законодательном регулировании отдельных муниципальных прав. ; This article analyzes the municipal human rights as a member of a local community, the definition of the constitutional and legal regulation of these rights and the characteristics of their implementation, identify weaknesses and gaps in the legislative regulation of individual municipal rights.
The article is devoted to the problems of discrimination, especially one of them - age discrimination. Discrimination is recognized as a situation in which a person and / or group of persons on their grounds is restricted in recognizing, exercising or exercising their rights and freedoms in any form. The case of Schwitzgebel v. Switzerland was analyzed, the essence of which was that an unmarried woman of a certain age was denied the adoption of a second child. She was denied due to the government's legal policy on family matters. The applicant's age was crucial in rejecting her application by the domestic authorities. The applicant could claim that she had been the victim of a difference in treatment compared to younger single women, who could have been entitled to adopt a second child under the same circumstances. The denial of her request pursued the legitimate aim of protecting the welfare and rights of the child. Thus, the European Court of Human Rights has quite rejected the motives of age discrimination. It has been proven that age discrimination is not an independent sign of discrimination. Quite often this happens in addition to gender motives. In the case of Carvalho Pinto de Sousa Morais v. Portugal, which amounts to improper medical intervention by a medical court, the applicant's age was presumed. The National Court held that sexuality and social life were not as important to the applicant at her age as to men of the same age. The European Court of Human Rights was therefore obliged to accept the grounds of age and other discrimination. Paragraph 141 of the Manual of Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Protocol No. 12 to the Convention also states that age is a "different status" for the purposes of Article 14. However, it should be noted that the ECtHR seldom recognizes age as a sign of discrimination. In general, the analysis of the European Court of Human Rights indicates the following: there are very few decisions on age discrimination; The Convention for the Protection of ...
The article analyzes the role of different international organizations and the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in the field of international protection of children's rights. The main idea of the article is to determine modern methods and mechanisms of protection and realization of children's rights in international law. Much attention is given to the fact that there are a lot of different international documents that regulate this issue. The author analyzed such documents are Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Declaration of the Rights of the Child and expressed her opinion on their effectiveness. It is described in short the protection of children's rights at the regional level. The article outlines the opinions and views of various scholars who had been working in the field of child rights protection. The article admonishes that everybody has the right to apply to the European Court of Human Rights in case of violation and non-recognition of rights. The article states that numerous ECHR decisions exist on issues related to the protection of the rights of the child based on the provisions of international law. The article defines some problematic aspects of the protection of children's rights. Some attention is drawn to the collisions of the legal regulation of this issue and cases of violation of the rights of the child. Theoretical concepts and practical experience regarding the international protection of the rights of the child in international law are explored in the article. The author mentions that the national legislation of some countries in the sphere of children's rights is not perfect enough. Therefore international standards have to serve as a basis on which it would be possible to construct and develop a domestic law system that will respect children's rights. It is stressed that in the modern world exists a tendency for recognition of almost all rights and interests of the child. It is reported that new mechanisms for the protection of children's rights are developing because ...
The article addresses the problems of realization of social and economic human rights in the context of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as their connection with civil and political rights. It is drawn to the fact that there are certain contradictions between the principles enshrined in the declaration. The author raises the issue of dignity, cultural differences, and justice in the distribution of public goods. The question of the state's responsibilities in the provision of social and economic rights is considered. States have a primary responsibility for the social and economic well-being of their citizens. Fair economic growth must play a decisive role in this area, and it is important to consolidate the link between the economic policy and the human rights. The support of the international community should, to a certain extent, be conditional on the governments of individual countries fulfilling their own responsibilities. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights leaves open the question of the placement of social and economic rights in the constitutions of the countries and the issue of their judicial protection. The most effective instrument for realizing these rights will be the development of social legislation, rather than the general provisions of social rights in the constitutions of countries. However, the problems faced by many states can not be fully solved by the efforts of the state alone. The question of morality is the interpretation of the provisions of the Declaration on Social and Economic Rights as an obligation of the international community to act to prevent poverty in the world. The possibility of involving not only states but also international enterprises in the process of combatting poverty is considered. On the basis of the Declaration, the companies and other interested parties begin to formulate sectoral standards of human rights. Possible ways to implement social and economic rights at the local and global levels are also discussed.Article received 10.04.2018 ; У статті розглянуто проблеми реалізації соціальних та економічних прав людини в контексті Загальної декларації прав людини, а також їхній зв'язок із громадянськими та політичними правами. Звернено увагу на певні суперечності між принципами, закріпленими в Декларації. Порушено питання гідності, культурних відмінностей та справедливості в розподілі суспільних благ. Розглянуто можливість залучення не тільки держав, а й міжнародних підприємств до подолання бідності, можливі шляхи впровадження соціальних та економічних прав на локальному та глобальному рівнях.Матеріал надійшов 10.04.2018
The article addresses the problems of realization of social and economic human rights in the context of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as their connection with civil and political rights. It is drawn to the fact that there are certain contradictions between the principles enshrined in the declaration. The author raises the issue of dignity, cultural differences, and justice in the distribution of public goods. The question of the state's responsibilities in the provision of social and economic rights is considered. States have a primary responsibility for the social and economic well-being of their citizens. Fair economic growth must play a decisive role in this area, and it is important to consolidate the link between the economic policy and the human rights. The support of the international community should, to a certain extent, be conditional on the governments of individual countries fulfilling their own responsibilities. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights leaves open the question of the placement of social and economic rights in the constitutions of the countries and the issue of their judicial protection. The most effective instrument for realizing these rights will be the development of social legislation, rather than the general provisions of social rights in the constitutions of countries. However, the problems faced by many states can not be fully solved by the efforts of the state alone. The question of morality is the interpretation of the provisions of the Declaration on Social and Economic Rights as an obligation of the international community to act to prevent poverty in the world. The possibility of involving not only states but also international enterprises in the process of combatting poverty is considered. On the basis of the Declaration, the companies and other interested parties begin to formulate sectoral standards of human rights. Possible ways to implement social and economic rights at the local and global levels are also discussed.Article received 10.04.2018 ; У статті розглянуто проблеми реалізації соціальних та економічних прав людини в контексті Загальної декларації прав людини, а також їхній зв'язок із громадянськими та політичними правами. Звернено увагу на певні суперечності між принципами, закріпленими в Декларації. Порушено питання гідності, культурних відмінностей та справедливості в розподілі суспільних благ. Розглянуто можливість залучення не тільки держав, а й міжнародних підприємств до подолання бідності, можливі шляхи впровадження соціальних та економічних прав на локальному та глобальному рівнях.Матеріал надійшов 10.04.2018
The article addresses the problems of realization of social and economic human rights in the context of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as their connection with civil and political rights. It is drawn to the fact that there are certain contradictions between the principles enshrined in the declaration. The author raises the issue of dignity, cultural differences, and justice in the distribution of public goods. The question of the state's responsibilities in the provision of social and economic rights is considered. States have a primary responsibility for the social and economic well-being of their citizens. Fair economic growth must play a decisive role in this area, and it is important to consolidate the link between the economic policy and the human rights. The support of the international community should, to a certain extent, be conditional on the governments of individual countries fulfilling their own responsibilities. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights leaves open the question of the placement of social and economic rights in the constitutions of the countries and the issue of their judicial protection. The most effective instrument for realizing these rights will be the development of social legislation, rather than the general provisions of social rights in the constitutions of countries. However, the problems faced by many states can not be fully solved by the efforts of the state alone. The question of morality is the interpretation of the provisions of the Declaration on Social and Economic Rights as an obligation of the international community to act to prevent poverty in the world. The possibility of involving not only states but also international enterprises in the process of combatting poverty is considered. On the basis of the Declaration, the companies and other interested parties begin to formulate sectoral standards of human rights. Possible ways to implement social and economic rights at the local and global levels are also discussed.Article received 10.04.2018 ; У статті розглянуто проблеми реалізації соціальних та економічних прав людини в контексті Загальної декларації прав людини, а також їхній зв'язок із громадянськими та політичними правами. Звернено увагу на певні суперечності між принципами, закріпленими в Декларації. Порушено питання гідності, культурних відмінностей та справедливості в розподілі суспільних благ. Розглянуто можливість залучення не тільки держав, а й міжнародних підприємств до подолання бідності, можливі шляхи впровадження соціальних та економічних прав на локальному та глобальному рівнях.Матеріал надійшов 10.04.2018
