Suchergebnisse

FLOORCASH-SocCit provides comprehensive computable data on entitlements to social cash transfers in the global South. The dataset covers 282 social cash transfer programmes in 148 countries and small territories, as of 2012/13. FLOORCASH-SocCit has been constructed in view of the sociological concept of social citizenship, focusing on entitlements to social cash transfers rather than welfare outcomes. FLOORCASH-SocCit emphasises three aspects: inclusion of social groups (with more refined data than earlier studies), conditions of access to benefits, and institutionalization of the programmes. FLOORCASH-SocCit can be used for studies with different units of analysis (programmes, target categories, countries).

The dataset is part of a project to investigate justifications of repression in North African autocracies. It was set up to answer the question to what extent and how repressive incidents were communicated and justified in Morocco and Tunisia from 2000 to 2010, before the beginning of the Arab uprising protests.

The event dataset is the first to disaggregate data on repressive incidents in two countries over the course of a decade, providing information about the forms of repression, its targets, the actors involved in repression and its justification, and the communication of state violence. All variables are available in textual form, although the forms of repression and repressive actors are all also listed in binary form to facilitate software-supported analysis. The dataset contains in total 439 repressive incidents: namely, 280 for Tunisia and 159 for Morocco. The data was collected from publicly available reports by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the U.S. State Department, and organizations and news outlets that covered repressive events and their respective justifications. We complemented these English-language sources with further information from French and Arabic sources and provide all data in English.
This systematic collection enables us to assess the extent of justification, as opposed to denial or cover-up, and also to dig into the substantial arguments that were brought forward here. It includes not only cases of protest repression, but also more mundane everyday restrictions on dissidents, and other human rights violations. This gives insight into the political communication of autocracies and their strategies to mitigate the risk of backlash that usually comes with the use of state violence.

Preamble

The project explores the extent to which transnational private governance affects the capacity of workers to take collective action in pursuit of improvements in employment conditions in developing countries.

Transnational private labour regulation such as corporate codes of conduct and multi-stakeholder standards on labour, environment or human rights claim to respond to the governance deficits that have arisen as a result of the globalization of global production networks. Yet, little consensus exists about the effectiveness of their monitoring and enforcement practices or their ultimate impact.

Context

Since the 1990s, the concern has intensified about the responsibility of businesses in global subcontracting chains for exploitation of labour, inequality, and pollution. Many private transnational regulatory initiatives claim to address this concern by incentivizing multinational companies to voluntary sign up to human rights and environmental standards often referring to, for example, the International Labour Organization's core labour standards. The effectiveness of this approach remains a complex and highly debated issue.

Over the last decade, scholars have studied the emergence, performance and problems related to transnational private labour regulation, their interactions on the transnational level and local level compliance. Stepping back from conventional debates on the overall effectiveness of transnational private governance, the project focuses instead on agency: the effect of transnational private labour regulation on the capacity of those involved, especially workers, to act in local contexts. With our project, we explore how different types of transnational private labour regulation, different national settings and different firm-level contexts of application combine to form what we call transnational hybrid production regimes.

Aim

The study examines how these regimes support workers' collective capacity to take action to improve their own conditions of employment.

The research data described below was collected as part of the SWP study "Friends and Foes: the instrumentalisation of Israel and Iran in the Maghreb". The period of qualitative research and data collection was from 1.1.2020 to 31.1.2024. The project was designed to be exploratory. The central research question that emerged was how decision-makers in the three Maghreb states of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia attempt to influence attitudes and discourses on Israel and Iran and use them for domestic and foreign policy purposes. Further, subordinate research questions can be derived from this: How are Israel and Iran portrayed in official discourses and sources? What public moods and resonance does the respective state control encounter? Where does it reach its limits and what domestic and foreign policy risks are associated with the instrumentalization of Israel and/or Iran? To this end, texts from the news agencies of Algeria and Morocco were collected, coded and analyzed for the official framing. Arabic language Twitter data was collected and analyzed in order to depict public and political moods. Qualitative interviews were conducted, Facebook pages were qualitatively evaluated and opinion polls from the region were used for a comparison. These qualitative analysis are not included in the data set.

Inhaltsanalytische Erfassung der Medien-Agenda

Themen: Medium; Erscheinungstag; Trackingwelle; Wortzahl im Artikel;
Anzahl an codierten Begriffen im Artikel; Artikeltitel; Seitenzahl;
Parteien (CDU, CSU, Unionsparteien, SPD, FDP, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen,
DIE LINKE, NPD, BIW, SSW, Freie Wähler, Piratenpartei);
Bundesregierung; Personen(Angela Merkel, Guido Westerwelle, Thomas de
Maizière, Wolfgang Schäuble, Rainer Brüderle, Ursula von der Leyen,
Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, Kristina Schröder, Philipp Rösler, Peter
Ramsauer, Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger, Ilse Aigner, Norbert
Röttgen, Annette Schavan, Ronald Pofalla, Daniel Bahr, Frank-Walter
Steinmeier, Horst Seehofer, Franz Müntefering, Renate Künast, Jürgen
Trittin, Cem Özdemir, Oskar Lafontaine, Gregor Gysi, Peer Steinbrück,
Sigmar Gabriel, Hans-Peter Friedrich, Volker Kauder, Birgit Homburger,
Lothar Bisky, Claudia Roth, Gesine Lötzsch, Klaus Ernst, Franz Josef
Jung, Christian Döring, Peter Altmaier, Dirk Niebel, Horst Köhler,
Gesine Schwan, Peter Sodann, Frank Rennicke, Christian Wulff, Joachim
Gauck, Luc Jochimsen, Beate Klasfeld, Olaf Rose, Hans-Gert Pöttering,
Markus Ferber, Martin Schulz, Silvana Koch-Mehrin, Rebecca Harms,
Reinhard Bütikofer, Lothar Bisky, Gabriele Pauli, Matthias Platzeck,
Kerstin Kaiser, Johanna Wanka, Liane Hesselbarth, Marie Luise von
Halem, Hans-Peter Goetz, Peter Müller, Heiko Maas, Hubert Ulrich,
Christoph Hartmann, Oskar Lafontaine, Stanislaw Tillich, André Hahn,
Thomas Jurk, Holger Apfel,Holger Zastrow, Antje Hermenau, Peter Harry
Carstensen, Ralf Stegner, Wolfgang Kubicki, Robert Habeck, Anke
Spoorendonk, Monika Heinold, Dieter Althaus, Bodo Ramelow, Christoph
Matschie, Uwe Barth, Astrid Rothe-Beinlich, Jürgen Rüttgers, Hannelore
Kraft, Andreas Pinkwart, Bärbel Beuermann, Sylvia Löhrmann, Reiner
Haseloff, Wulf Gallert, Jens Bullerjahn, Veit Wolpert, Claudia Dalbert,
Stefan Mappus, Nils Schmid, Winfried Kretschmann, Ulrich Goll, Marta
Aparicio, Roland Hamm, Kurt Beck, Julia Klöckner, Herbert Mertin,
Eveline Lemke, Daniel Köbler, Robert Drumm, Tanja Krauth, Christoph
Ahlhaus, Olaf Scholz, Anja Hajduk, Katja Suding, Dora Heyenn, Walter
Scheuerl, Claudius Holler, Jens Böhrnsen, Rita Mohr-Lüllmann, Karoline
Linnert, Kristina Vogt, Oliver Möllenstädt, Jan Timke, Matthias Faust,
Erwin Sellering, Lorenz Caffier, Helmut Holter, Gino Leonhard, Udo
Pastörs, Silke Gajek, Jürgen Suhr, Klaus Wowereit, Frank Henkel, Harald
Wolf, Christoph Meyer, Andreas Baum, Jost de Jager, Torsten Albig,
Antje Jansen, Torge Schmidt, Norbert Röttgen, Christian Lindner,
Katharina Schwabedissen, Joachim Paul, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer,
Oliver Luksic, Simone Peter, Frank Franz, Jasmin Maurer); Institutionen
(Bundesarbeitsgericht, Bundesfinanzhof, Bundesgerichtshof,
Bundessozialgericht, Bundesverfassungsgericht, Bundespatentgericht,
Bundesverwaltungsgericht, Verfassungsschutzämter,
Bundesnachrichtendienst, Bundeskriminalamt, Landeskriminalamt,
Militärischer Abschirmdienst, Bundestag, Bundesrat, Landtag,
Abgeordnetenhaus, Bürgerschaft, Bundeswehr, Bundesrechnungshof,
Bundesbank, Landesbanken, Bundesanstalt für
Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht, Statistisches Bundesamt, Bundesagentur
für Arbeit, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bundeskartellamt);
Gewerkschaften (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, IG Bauen-Agra-Umwelt, IG
Bergbau, Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft, IG Metall,
Gewerkschaft Nahrung-Genuss-Gaststätten, Gewerkschaft der Polizei,
Gewerkschaft der Eisenbahner, Eisenbahn- und Verkehrsgewerkschaft,
Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft, Beamtenbund,
Bundesbankgewerkschaft, Verband Bildung und Erziehung,
Philologenverband, Verband Hochschule und Wissenschaft,
Bundespolizeigewerkschaft, Polizeigewerkschaft, Gewerkschaft Deutscher
Lokomotivführer, Verkehrsgewerkschaft, Christlicher Gewerkschaftsbund,
Tarifgemeinschaft Christlicher gewerkschaften für Zeitarbeit, Marburger
Bund, Gewerkschaft der klinikangestellten Ärzte, Richterbund,
Bundeswehrverband, Polizei-Basis-Gewerkschaft, Bund deutscher
Kriminalbeamter, Deutscher Journalistenverband, Vereinigung Cockpit,
Vereinigung Boden, Gewerkschaft der Flugsicherung, Unabhängige
Flugbegleiter Organisation, Bundesvereinigung der deutschen
Arbeitgeberverbände, Gesamtmetall, Arbeitgeberverband Banken,
kommunaler Arbeitgeberverband, Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie,
Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag); Wohltätigeitsorganisationen
/ NGO´s (Naturschutzbund Deutschland, Bund für Umwelt- und Naturschutz,
World Wide Fund For Nature, Greenpeace, ATTAC, Occupy, Blockupy, Brot
für die Welt, Rotes Kreuz, Roter Halbmond, Technisches Hilfswerk, Ärzte
ohne Grenzen, CARE, Deutsche Welthungerhilfe, Deutsche Gesellschaft
fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit, Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Technische Zusammenarbeit, Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst, amnesty
international, Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker, Human Rights Watch,
Internationale Liga für Menschenrechte, Kinderschutzbund, Paritätischer
Wohlfahrtsverband, SOS Kinderdorf, Aktion Mensch, Sozialverband VdK
Deutschland, Sozialverband Deutschland, Caritas, Diakonie); Kirchen /
Religiöse Verbände (Katholische Kirche, Evangelische Kirche, Jüdische
Gemeinde, Islamverbände); Institutionen der Europäischen Union
(Europäische Kommission, Europäisches Parlament, Europäischer Rat, Rat
der Europäischen Union, Europäische Zentralbank, Europäischer
Gerichtshof, Europäische Investitionsbank, Europäischer Rechnungshof,
Ausschuss der Regionen, Wirtschafts- und Sozialausschuss der EU,
Europarat, Europäischer Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte); transnationale
Akteure (Vereinte Nationen, NATO, Organisation für Sicherheit und
Zusammenarbeit in Europa (OSZE), OECD, Internationaler Währungsfonds,
Weltbank, Internationaler Strafgerichtshof); politische Schlagwörter
(politische Skandale, Wahlen, Bürokratie, Parteienfinanzierung,
Lobbyismus, Demokratie, Föderalismus, Politikereinkünfte,
Bürgerbeteiligung, politische Verdrossenheit, Europapolitik,
Internationale Beziehungen, Krieg und Terroranschläge,
Entwicklungspolitik, Rüstungspolitik und Rüstungsexporte, Bundeswehr,
Kriminalität und Extremismus, Recht und Justiz, Datenschutz und
(staatliche) Überwachung, Verkehrspolitik, Energiepolitik,
Kommunikationsinfrastruktur, Wohnungsbau und Stadtplanung, Umwelt-,
Natur- und Tierschutz, Klimaschutz, Familienpolitik,
Verteilungsgerechtigkeit, Gleichstellungspolitik, Rentenpolitik,
Zuwanderungs-, Integrations-, Asyl- und Ausländerpolitik,
Gesundheitspolitik, Arbeitsmarkt allgemein, Soziale Absicherung bei
Arbeitslosigkeit, Lohnpolitik, Tarifpolitik, prekäre
Arbeitsverhältnisse, Wirtschaftslage, Wirtschaftskrisen, Insolvenzen
und Konkurse, Außenwirtschaft, Verbraucherschutz, Agrar- und
Forstwirtschaft, Schulpolitik, Hochschulpolitik, Bildungspolitik
allgemein, Haushaltspolitik, Steuerpolitik, Ostdeutschland, Kultur-,
Sport und Medienpolitik, Deutschland); Bundesländer
(Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg,
Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen, Nordrhein-Westfalen,
Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein,
Thueringen) Länder (Belgien, Bulgarien, Dänemark, Estland, Finnland,
Frankreich, Griechenland, Irland, Italien, Lettland, Litauen,
Luxemburg, Malta, Niederlande, Österreich, Polen, Portugal, Rumänien,
Schweden, Slowakei, Slowenien, Spanien, Tschechische Republik, Ungarn,
Vereinigtes Königreich, Zypern, Kroatien, Norwegen, Schweiz, Island,
Türkei, Russland, Ehemaliges Jugoslawien (ohne Kroatien und Slowenien)
sowie Albanien, Osteuropa (Ukraine, Weißrussland, Moldawien),
Europäische Zwergstaaten (Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino),
USA, Kanada, China, Australien und Ozeanien, Asien, Afrika, Mittel- und
Südamerika, Arktis / Antarktis, Kosovo, Irak, Iran, Israel, Libanon,
Afghanistan, Somalia, Nordkorea, Tunesien, Algerien, Syrien, Ägypten,
Libyen, Japan, Mali)

zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Erhebungsjahr; Artikel-ID; Studiennummer
(ZA-Nr.); GESIS Archiv Version; Erhebungsjahr; Artikel-ID; Medium;
Erscheinungstag; Trackingwelle;

The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset.

CSES Variable Table
The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module.

Themes:

MICRO-LEVEL DATA:

Identification and study administration variables:
weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire.

Demography:
year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country.

Survey variables:
perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month.

DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA:
number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district.

MACRO-LEVEL DATA:
election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.

The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset.

CSES Variable Table
The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module.

Themes:

MICRO-LEVEL DATA:

Identification and study administration variables:
weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire.

Demography:
year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country.

Survey variables:
perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month.

DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA:
number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district.

MACRO-LEVEL DATA:
election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.

The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset.

CSES Variable List
The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module.

Themes:

MICRO-LEVEL DATA:

Identification and study administration variables:
weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire.

Demography:
year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country.

Survey variables:
perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month.

DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA:
number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district.

MACRO-LEVEL DATA:
election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.

The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset. CSES Variable List The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module. Themes: MICRO-LEVEL DATA: Identification and study administration variables: weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire. Demography: year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country. Survey variables: perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month. DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA: number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district. MACRO-LEVEL DATA: election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.

The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset. CSES Variable List The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module. Themes: MICRO-LEVEL DATA: Identification and study administration variables: weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire. Demography: year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country. Survey variables: perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month. DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA: number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district. MACRO-LEVEL DATA: election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.

The module was administered as a post-election interview. The resulting data are provided along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables in a single dataset. CSES Variable List The list of variables is being provided on the CSES Website to help in understanding what content is available from CSES, and to compare the content available in each module. Themes: MICRO-LEVEL DATA: Identification and study administration variables: weighting factors; election type; date of election 1st and 2nd round; study timing (post-election study, pre-election and post-election study, between rounds of majoritarian election); mode of interview; gender of interviewer; date questionnaire administered; primary electoral district of respondent; number of days the interview was conducted after the election; language of questionnaire. Demography: year and month of birth; gender; education; marital status; union membership; union membership of others in household; business association membership, farmers´ association membership; professional association membership; current employment status; main occupation; socio economic status; employment type - public or private; industrial sector; current employment status, occupation, socio economic status, employment type - public or private, and industrial sector of spouse; household income; number of persons in household; number of children in household under the age of 18; number of children in household under the age of 6; attendance at religious services; religiosity; religious denomination; language usually spoken at home; region of residence; race; ethnicity; rural or urban residence; primary electoral district; country of birth; year arrived in current country. Survey variables: perception of public expenditure on health, education, unemployment benefits, defense, old-age pensions, business and industry, police and law enforcement, welfare benefits; perception of improving individual standard of living, state of economy, government's action on income inequality; respondent cast a ballot at the current and the previous election; vote choice (presidential, lower house and upper house elections) at the current and the previous election; respondent cast candidate preference vote at the current and the previous election; difference who is in power and who people vote for; sympathy scale for selected parties and political leaders; assessment of parties on the left-right-scale and/or an alternative scale; self-assessment on a left-right-scale and an optional scale; satisfaction with democracy; party identification; intensity of party identification, institutional and personal contact in the electoral campaigning, in person, by mail, phone, text message, email or social networks, institutional contact by whom; political information questions; expected development of household income in the next twelve month; ownership of residence, business or property or farm or livestock, stocks or bonds, savings; likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month; spouse likelihood to find another job within the next twelve month. DISTRICT-LEVEL DATA: number of seats contested in electoral district; number of candidates; number of party lists; percent vote of different parties; official voter turnout in electoral district. MACRO-LEVEL DATA: election outcomes by parties in current (lower house/upper house) legislative election; percent of seats in lower house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of seats in upper house received by parties in current lower house/upper house election; percent of votes received by presidential candidate of parties in current elections; electoral turnout; party of the president and the prime minister before and after the election; number of portfolios held by each party in cabinet, prior to and after the most recent election; size of the cabinet after the most recent election; number of parties participating in election; ideological families of parties; left-right position of parties assigned by experts and alternative dimensions; most salient factors in the election; fairness of the election; formal complaints against national level results; election irregularities reported; scheduled and held date of election; irregularities of election date; extent of election violence and post-election violence; geographic concentration of violence; post-election protest; electoral alliances permitted during the election campaign; existing electoral alliances; requirements for joint party lists; possibility of apparentement and types of apparentement agreements; multi-party endorsements on ballot; votes cast; voting procedure; voting rounds; party lists close, open, or flexible; transferable votes; cumulated votes if more than one can be cast; compulsory voting; party threshold; unit for the threshold; freedom house rating; democracy-autocracy polity IV rating; age of the current regime; regime: type of executive; number of months since last lower house and last presidential election; electoral formula for presidential elections; electoral formula in all electoral tiers (majoritarian, proportional or mixed); for lower and upper houses was coded: number of electoral segments; linked electoral segments; dependent formulae in mixed systems; subtypes of mixed electoral systems; district magnitude (number of members elected from each district); number of secondary and tertiary electoral districts; fused vote; size of the lower house; GDP growth (annual percent); GDP per capita; inflation, GDP Deflator (annual percent); Human development index; total population; total unemployment; TI corruption perception index; international migrant stock and net migration rate; general government final consumption expenditure; public spending on education; health expenditure; military expenditure; central government debt; Gini index; internet users per 100 inhabitants; mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants; fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants; daily newspapers; constitutional federal structure; number of legislative chambers; electoral results data available; effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties.