Suchergebnisse

This article examines the concept of women's mental health articulated as a human right in international documents & the current public health concern regarding the contribution of depressive & related anxiety disorder -- which disproportionately affects women -- to the global health burden. There is a growing awareness, supported by health research & accepted in recent international documents such as the Beijing Platform for Action, that gender inequalities & rights violations such as economic dependence, lack of decision-making power, conflicting gender roles, disproportionate domestic responsibilities, & violence are closely linked to mental health problems of women. The article argues that governments & international agencies, as well as women's health & rights advocates, must place more emphasis on mental health & its relationship to underlying gender discrimination & right violations. Adapted from the source document.

The economic practice of tin mining in Bangka-Belitung (Babel) Islands Province surely is not separated from direct or indirect of women involvement. The demography of mining society in Babel precisely displays of women are massively in mining arena. The rule of law and practice of mining tends to uncontrollable, liar, destructive and exploitative so far has shown surely the negative impacts which overburden the women position. On the other hand, they should be smarter in managing of domestic needs, nurturing their children; meanwhile, the others have to go down to the river, to 'camui-camui' (holes) as an ex of tin mining areas until evening. Moreover, they face several of complexities whether internal nor external threats; like domestic violence, divorce, gambling, HIV AIDS, a dangerous accident of mining, and etc. These reflect how dangerous, weak, and heavy of multiple burdens. Those are also relevant to the disease of tin mining which always shows some evidence; gambling, prostitution, alcohol, narcotics. However; women dominantly suffer social burden among capitalism war where tin has become an important material to support their industries. This article aims at exploring how far a critical feminist human right perspective could influence to bear on women's human right circumstance and complex burden faced in Babel. This project analyzed women's presence and also its burden in tin mining issues whether in private or public sphere. I addressed emerging issues and questions about the status of human rights in tin mining issues.

The prohibition of torture is also to be found in almost all domestic legal systems. Article 3 imposes both negative and positive obligations: that is an obligation to refrain from certain action, and obligations to take positive action to secure individuals their rights and to protect them from prohibited treatment. However, the numerous cases of the European Court on Human Rights indicates, that there is no clear understanding of the content and scope of the prohibition of torture or strong will of the state governments to respect this right. Therefore the object of the research is the content of the right not to be tortured, the obligations of the states in respect of this right and possible derogations in the conditions of public safety protection, the objective of this article is to disclose the scope of the prohibition to torture foreseen in Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights and to discuss the possible circumstances in which a state may legitimately interfere with the exercise of this right basing its actions on protection of public safety. ; Europos žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvencija, pasirašyta 1950 m., tapo itin svarbiu žmogaus teisių apsaugos mechanizmu visose Europos Tarybos šalyse narėse. Šiame straipsnyje dėmesys sutelkiamas kankinamo, nežmoniško ir žiauraus elgesio draudimui. Kankinimo draudimas yra viena iš svarbiausių fundamentaliųjų žmogaus teisių, kuri indikuoja pagrindines visuomenės demokratines vertybes, todėl jos interpretacijos ir įgyvendinimas turi būti vykdomas atsižvelgiant į visus įmanomus šios teisės aspektus. Daug tarptautinių ir regioninių teisinių instrumentų tiesiogiai kalba apie draudimą kankinti ar žeminti asmenį, Europos lygmenyje vienas iš svarbiausių dokumentų, ginančių šią teisę, yra Europos žmogaus teisių ir pagrindinių laisvių apsaugos konvencija (jos 3 straipsnis). Šiame dokumente numatyta, jog kankinimų draudimas yra absoliutus ir jo turi būti paisoma visose ir bet kurioje situacijoje nepaisant jokių aplinkybių. Valstybės institucijos ir pareigūnai negali pažeisti šios teisės ar kitaip ją paneigti. Valstybei nustatyti pozityvūs bei negatyvūs įpareigojimai šios teisės atžvilgiu: tai yra, įpareigojimas susilaikyti nuo veiksmų, galinčių pažeisti šią teisę; įpareigojimas imtis veiksmų siekiant užkirsti kelią galimiems šios teisės pažeidimams; įpareigojimas užtikrinti, kad asmenys gautų visą galimą valstybės paramą bei politinius ir teisinius instrumentus tiriant jų atžvilgiu padarytus šios teisės pažeidimus. Esama daug veiksmų, kurie gali būti traktuojami kaip teisės nebūti kankinamam pažeidimai. Įvairiose situacijose, vertinant, ar elgesys asmens atžvilgiu buvo žeminantis, nežmoniškas ir kankinamas, yra vertinama aukos amžius, lytis, fizinė ir psichinė sveikata. Teisė nebūti kankinamam Europos žmogaus teisių konvencijoje išreikšta gana abstrakčiai, todėl ypatingą svarbą įgauna Europos žmogaus teisių teismo praktika aiškinant šios teisės turinį ir apimtį bei nurodant galimus teisės apribojimo aspektus. Didelis tokių bylų skaičius Europos žmogaus teisių teisme liudija, jog šios teisės turinys ir apsaugos ribos nėra iki galo suvoktos valstybių ir jų pareigūnų. Todėl šio straipsnio objektas yra kankinimo draudimo turinio ir ribų analizė, taip pat valstybių įsipareigojimų apimtis šios teisės atžvilgiu visuomenės saugumo kontekste. Straipsnio tikslas yra atskleisti teisės nebūti kankinamam bei nepatirti žeminančio, nežmoniško elgesio turinį, valstybės įpareigojimų įgyvendinant šią teisę apimtį ir ribas bei galimus šios teisės apribojimus. Straipsnyje siekiama aptarti atvejus, kai valstybei leidžiama riboti šios teisės įgyvendinimą, todėl yra analizuojama Europos žmogaus teisių teismo praktika.

Chronique, September/December 2008. I. The jurisdiction of the Court and admissibility of individual applications A. Jurisdiction ratione materiae B. Jurisdiction ratione personae C. Jurisdiction ratione temporis D. Jurisdiction of the Court in relation to State recognition of liability E. Examination of preliminary objections II. The scope of the rights protected by the Convention. General obligations B. The rights relating to the integrity of the person 1. The right to integrity (Article 5 of the Convention) a. The negative obligation on the State not to infringe the right to integrity of b. The positive procedural obligation arising from the combination of Articles 5 and 1.1 of the Convention. Right to life and extrajudicial executions 3. "Deductive mechanism" in respect of enforced disappearances C. Rights protecting the freedom of the person 1. The right to liberty and security (Article 7 of the Convention) 2. Freedom of movement and residence (Article 22 of the Convention) D. Safeguards (Article 8) and judicial protections (Article 25) 1. Negative obligation to respect these 2 rights. Positive obligation to investigate as a result of a breach of law III. Repairs. ; International audience ; Chronique, September/December 2008. I. The jurisdiction of the Court and admissibility of individual applications A. Jurisdiction ratione materiae B. Jurisdiction ratione personae C. Jurisdiction ratione temporis D. Jurisdiction of the Court in relation to State recognition of liability E. Examination of preliminary objections II. The scope of the rights protected by the Convention. General obligations B. The rights relating to the integrity of the person 1. The right to integrity (Article 5 of the Convention) a. The negative obligation on the State not to infringe the right to integrity of b. The positive procedural obligation arising from the combination of Articles 5 and 1.1 of the Convention. Right to life and extrajudicial executions 3. "Deductive mechanism" in respect of enforced disappearances C. Rights protecting ...

Los desarrollos actuales de la teoría de género y de la crítica feminista constituyen líneas imprescindibles para el análisis y la implementación de políticas públicas con sensibilidad de género para comprender los grados y modos de exclusión y discriminación de las mujeres en general y de las diversidades sexuales en particular. En este trabajo nos interesa transversalizar la cuestión de sexo- género con la de etnia, proponiendo el diálogo como una forma democrática de hacer visibles necesidades, exclusiones y derechos. ; The current de velopments of gender theory and feminism are unavoidable research lines for the analysis andimplementation of public policies with gender sensitivity, for understanding the degrees and modes of exclusion and discrimination against women in general, and sexual diversities, in particular. This article aims to study sex- gender and ethnic questions transversally, proposing dialogue as a democratic form of making visible needs, exclusions and rights. ; Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales

Avrupa Birliği, kuruluşundan itibaren göç alan ve politikalarını insan hakları çerçevesinde düzenleyen bir ulusüstü örgüttür. Avrupa Birliği tarafından düzensiz göçün azami seviyede tutulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple de Birlik bütünlüğünü sağlamak amacıyla sözleşmeler ile belirlenen politikalar doğrultusunda iç ve dış göçü kontrol altına alacak bir takım düzenlemeler yapmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma; insanların dini, iktisadi, siyasi, sosyal ve diğer durumlar sebebiyle yer değiştirme hareketlerinin Avrupa Birliği politikalarını nasıl etkilediğiyle ilişkilidir. Çalışma kapsamında söz konusu bu politikalar incelenerek, bugüne kadar katedilen mesafe ifade edilmeye çalışılacaktır. Çalışmada Avrupa Birliği göç politikaları; tarihsel verilere, yapılan antlaşmalara, kararlara ve uygulamalara göre değerlendirilerek; uluslararası hukuk, Avrupa Birliği komisyon kararları, Frontex verileri, Birleşmiş Milletler raporları, göç politikası çerçevesinde yapılan antlaşmalar, insan hakları tarihsel gelişimi ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi ve Avrupa İnsan Hakları Komisyonu'na ilişkin kararlar çerçevesinde ele alınacaktır. v Çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde; araştırmanın konusuna, amacına, önemine, çalışma ile hangi sorulara yanıt arandığına ve konuya ilişkin tanımlara yer verilecektir. İkinci bölümde; göç kavramı, göç türleri ve Avrupa Birliği'nde göç konusu ve göç politikalarının tarihsel gelişimi ele alınacaktır. Üçüncü bölümde; insan hakları açısından sığınma hakkı ve mültecilik, insan haklarının tarihsel gelişimi, sığınma hakkının ortaya çıkışı, Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği'nin kurulması, 1951 Cenevre Sözleşmesi ve mültecilerle ilgili diğer çalışmalar incelenecektir. Dördüncü bölümde ise göç politikaları, Avrupa Birliği öncesi Avrupa ülkelerinin göç politikaları, Avrupa Birliği'nin ortak göç politikaları, ortak sığınma politikası üretme çabaları kapsamında yapılan antlaşmalar ve Avrupa Birliği'nde göçmenlere ve sığınmacılara yönelik bazı kurumlar incelenecektir. ; The European Union is a supranational organization that has received immigrants since its establishment and regulates its policies within the framework of human rights. The European Union aims to keep irregular migration at the minimum level. For this reason, in order to ensure the integrity of the Union, it has made a number of arrangements to control the internal and external migration in accordance with the policies determined by the agreements. Therefore, this study is related to how the policies of the European Union is affected according to people's movements due to religion, economics, politics, social issues, and other situations. Within the scope of the study, these policies will be examined and the distance covered up to the present will be expressed. In this study, European Union migration policies will be handled while being evaluated according to the historical data, the agreements, decisions, and practices; in the framework of international law, the European Union commission decisions, Frontex data, the United Nations reports, treaties on migration policy, historical development of human rights and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the European Commission of Human Rights. vii The study consists of four parts. In the first chapter; the subject, the purpose, the importance of the study, which questions are aimed to be answered with this study, and the definitions about the subject will be included. In the second part; the concept of migration, the types of migration, and the historical development of the subject of migration and migration policies in the European Union will be discussed. In the third chapter; the right to asylum and migration in terms of human rights, the historical development of human rights, the emergence of the right to asylum, the establishment of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the 1951 Geneva Convention and more studies on refugees will be examined. In the fourth chapter, migration policies, migration policies of European countries before the European Union, common migration policies of the European Union, treaties made within the scope of efforts to produce common asylum policy, and some institutions about migrants and asylum seekers in the European Union will be examined.

Summary This article analyses Panama's economy and finances from a human rights perspective. First, it presents the adverse human rights implications of illicit financial flows. It then describes Panama's legal and institutional framework, in particular the country's international obligations and commitments, as well as the country's banking and financial sector. The so-called Panama Papers are also presented, both the outbreak of the scandal, the steps taken by the government and the additional measures still needed. Issues linked to the country's economic growth, inequality and human rights are also discussed and the implications of infrastructure projects on the human rights of individuals and groups in Panama, including indigenous peoples, are critically analysed. The conclusions are followed by recommendations made by the author to the Government of Panama as an independent UN expert after his visit to the country. ; Resumen Este artículo analiza la economía y finanzas de Panamá desde una perspectiva de derechos humanos. Primero presenta las implicaciones adversas de las corrientes financieras ilícitas en materia derechos humanos. Luego describe el marco legal e institucional panameño, en particular las obligaciones y compromisos internacionales del país, así como el sector bancario y financiero del país. También se presentan los llamados "papeles de Panamá", tanto la irrupción del escándalo, las disposiciones adoptadas por el gobierno así como las medidas adicionales que aún resultan necesarias. Se discuten asimismo cuestiones vinculadas al crecimiento económico del país, la desigualdad y los derechos humanos, así como se analizan críticamente las implicaciones de proyectos de infraestructura sobre los derechos humanos de las personas y los grupos en Panamá, incluidos los pueblos indígenas. Luego de las conclusiones se presentan recomendaciones que el autor efectuó al gobierno panameño como Experto Independiente de la ONU luego de su visita al país.