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Human rights — Right to life — Torture — Disappearances — Responsibility — Duty of State to investigate — Whether administrative remedy adequate — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Articles 2, 6, 7 and 9

A lo largo de la historia, las sociedades siempre han pretendido inmortalizar a través de la vitrina de las ciudades lo que para ellas esta revestido de importancia y valor superior. Esa necesidad de crear lugares visibles y notables ha persistido por miles de años desde Mesopotamia hasta nuestros días, impulsando a las civilizaciones a crear estructuras que van desde lo religioso, pasando por grandes murallas que representaban poderío y seguridad, hasta estructuras de naturaleza comercial o artística. Esta expresión es lo que hoy conocemos como la monumentalidad, atributo urbano que está revestido de gran importancia en virtud de ser un elemento embellecedor y estructurador de la trama urbana, un planificador visual, una garantía social, cultural, educacional, ecológica e identitaria dentro de la ciudad. La monumentalidad además de ser un elemento multifuncional de gran significación para la ciudad, es un derecho colectivo emergente y novedoso, pero a su vez exigible dentro de ese gran espacio público donde confluyen un sin número de relaciones humanas, intimas, colectivas, institucionales, políticas, comerciales y culturales; donde se produce la evolución social y psicológica de los seres humanos que es la ciudad. ; Throughout history societies have always pretended to immortalize through the window of the cities which for them is coated of importance and superior value. This need to create visible and notable places has persisted for thousands of years, from Mesopotamia to the present day, boosting civilizations to create structures ranging from religion through large walls representing power and security, to structures of a commercial nature or artistic. This expression is what we know today as the monumentality, urban attribute that is covered with great importance by virtue of being a trim and structuring element of the urban fabric, a visual planner, social, cultural, educational; ecological and identity assurance within the city. The monumentality besides being a multifunctional element of great significance for the city is an emerging and innovative collective right, but at the same time demanding within that public space where an endless number of humans confluence, intimate, collective, institutional, political, commercial and cultural; where social and psychological development of human beings occurs, which is the city. ; 71-97 ; lopezqjuan@yahoo.com ; Semestral

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- Sexuality Scholarship: Sketching the Landscape -- Three Background Theoretical Frames: Foucault, Rubin, and Butler -- Contemporary Frameworks, Core Questions, and a Challenge -- Sexual Orientation -- Transgender/Gender Identity -- Intersex Children and Adults -- HIV -- Sex Work -- Trafficking -- Polygamy -- Conclusion -- References -- 1 The Rights and Wrongs of Sexuality -- The Problematisation of Sexuality -- Gendering Sexualities -- New Subjectivities -- Globalisation -- Conflict of Values -- REFERENCES -- 2 The Sexual Citizen -- INTRODUCTION -- THE BJNAR Y LOGIC OF CITIZENSHIP -- APPROPRIATING CITIZENSHIP -- CITIZENSHIP UNBOUND -- FINDING A PLACE IN A EUROPEAN CIVIL SOCIETY -- CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 3 Understanding Lesbian and Gay Rights -- Rights as entitlements -- Conceptions of sexuality -- The varying scope of 'lesbian and gay rights' -- Rights problems -- Conclusion: the value of lesbian and gay rights -- Notes -- 4 From "Sex Rights" to "Love Rights": Partnership Rights as Human Rights -- Introduction -- From 'Basic Rights' to 'Sex Rights' to 'Love Rights' -- The 'What', 'Who' and 'Where' of Partnership Rights at the National Level -- Why Are Partnership Rights Human Rights? -- The Case Against Partnership Rights -- Are Partnership Rights Universal Human Rights? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 5 Sticky Intuitions and the Future of Sexual Orientation Discrimination -- INTRODUCTION -- l. INTUITIONS AND THE LEGAL LANDSCAPE -- A. Explicit Sexual-Orientation-Based Distinctions -- B. Antidiscrimination Doctrine as Applied -- C. Scope of Governmental Authority -- D. Statutory Interpretation -- II. THE STICKY lNTUITIONS -- A. Sexual Relations and Disgust -- B. Sexual Orientation Insecurity -- C. Sexual Predation

The world is changing fast; it is changing by leaps and bounds which makes it next to impossible to explain what is going on and to foresee possible repercussions. An unsophisticated observer in the West and elsewhere in the world where Western propaganda is heard and believed might imagine that the forces of freedom and democracy are waging an uncompromising struggle against despotism and tyranny. It is implied that the US and the rest of the civilized West are on the side of the forces of good confronted by an obscure conglomerate of the forces of evil, of which Russia is part if according to Pres Barack Obama and certain other Western leaders. Former President of France Valery Giscard d'Estaing has written in his memoirs that according to this interpretation the forces of good insist on democratic elections, human rights, and freedom of trade; America does not hesitate to use its might to defend good and oppose the forces of evil interfering with the fulfillment of these ideals. Here, Prlov examines the morals in international politics. Adapted from the source document.

The initial impetus for the formation of ASEM came principally from economic factors as global restructuring and new developments in regionalization occurred following the end of the Cold War. From the time it came into being, however, ASEM's agenda has been much broader, including as it does both political and cultural pillars as well as an economic one. And although economic factors do contribute to identity formation, it is largely within the context of political and cultural considerations that questions of identity have arisen. These include (although are by no means limited to) two issues. First, there is the issue of who is included in the formal membership of the meeting process and all its attendant activities – and who is excluded. Second, there is the recurring theme of human rights which the European Union has made a centrepiece of its Common Foreign and Security Policy, and which has therefore become part and parcel of its identity as an international actor. The purpose of this paper is to consider how these issues have played out since ASEM was founded, and to consider future directions.

Parafraseando el afamado libro de Ronald Dworkin, Taking rights seriously, me propongo, en este trabajo, defender el carácter pleno, fundamental y universal de los derechos de bienestar, muchas veces relegados a un papel secundario en el análisis de los derechos humanos y observados con sospecha y recelo, sobre todo cuando colisionan con los derechos civiles y políticos. Para ello rechazaré la dicotomía radical que suele establecerse entre uno y otro tipo de derechos, atendiendo a cuatro argumentos: el costo de los derechos, su universalidad, su relatividad y su justiciabilidad. Abundamos así en la doctrina de las Naciones Unidas sobre la indivisibilidad e interdependencia de todos los derechos humanos. ; Remembering famous Ronald Dworkin's book, Taking rights seriously, I'll defend the full, fundamental, and universal role of welfare rights, often look upon suspicion and misgiving specially on account of their colliding with civil and political rights. However, the clearcut dichotomy established between civil and political rights, on the one hand, and welfare rights, on the other, is wrong since the difference is, at most, of degree. To cope with this, I'll allege four arguments: the cost of rights, their universality, their relativity, and their enforceability. I'll support in that way the official doctrine of the United Nations about the indivisibility and interdependence of all human rights.

Critics of the concept of human development argue that it has for the most part been easily absorbed into neo-liberalizing frameworks that neglect national, material development and that fail to prioritize the poor and insecure. While those criticisms have some force, more attention
needs to be paid to the opportunities for resistance afforded by the fact that neo-liberalization is permeated by self-undermining contradictions and must articulate in hybrid and diverse fashion with existing social forces. When Iraq's human development report, national development plan and
poverty reduction strategy are examined, we can see in them elements of resistance to neo-liberalization and evidence of the assertion of development – national and human, material and non-material – as a right. However, in assessing poverty in Iraq as 'very shallow', Iraq's poverty
reduction team demonstrated that resistance to neo-liberalization and the neglect of the poor will require struggles with Iraqi as well as global actors.

The European Union is crossing human-rights red lines with its Common European Asylum System.

The full story of human rights abuse in the 'war on terror' remains secret, says Jameel Jaffer

John Howard threatens to boycott international human rights committees in the interests of discriminating against Aborigines

Gender issues in human rights, international relations theory, political leadership, nationalism, and other areas; 8 articles.

With the increasing prominence of fundamental rights within the EU it increasingly interferes in the core competence of the Council of Europe. This book traces the EU and the Council of Europe relationship in the field of human rights ₆ marked by mutual interferences and overlap ₆ and explores which factors trigger cooperation or conflict between the two organizations. Investigating the cases of data protection, the fight against terrorism, challenging Roma discrimination, the Memorandum of Understanding and the Fundamental Rights Agency through the lens of an implementation literature and management studies-perspective, this book contends that the biggest threat to interorganizational cooperation is organizational self-interest, despite a shared policy outlook. The book furthers the agenda set by the literature in this field by providing a new theoretical framework and an in-depth empirical study of two main actors in the field of human rights protection in Europe from a political science perspective.

Peace is an elusive concept, especially within the field of international law, varying according to historical era and between contextual applications within different cultures, institutions, societies, and academic traditions. This Research Handbook responds to the gap created by the neglect of peace in international law scholarship. Explaining the normative evolution of peace from the principles of peaceful co-existence to the UN declaration on the right to peace, this Research Handbook calls for the fortification of international institutions to facilitate the pursuit of sustainable peace as a public good. It sets forth a new agenda for research that invites scholars from a broad array of disciplines and fields of law to analyse the contribution of international institutions to the construction and implementation of sustainable peace. With its critical examination of courts, transitional justice institutions, dispute resolution and fact-finding mechanisms, this Research Handbook goes beyond the traditional focus on post-conflict resolution, and includes areas not usually found in analyses of peace such as investment and trade law. Bringing together contributions from leading researchers in the field of international law and peace, this Research Handbook analyses peace in the context of law applicable to women, refugees, environmentalism, sustainable development, disarmament, and other key contemporary issues. This thoughtful Research Handbook will be a crucial tool for policymakers, practitioners, and academics in the fields of international law, human rights, jus post bellum, and development. Its comprehensive insights to the field will also be of benefit for students of political science, law, and peace studies

Issues relating to litigation and other forms of employee legal claiming are at the forefront of the practice of human resource management. However, organizational scholars have paid scant attention to this important aspect of organizational life. Underrepresented in this collective research have been investigations into how social influence variables impact the legal claiming process. We add to the understanding of legal claiming by evaluating how perceived levels of accountability, reputation and political skill affect individuals' willingness to engage in contentious and non-contentious legal claiming. We also investigate the impact that social influence has on individuals' advice to other potential claimants. This study employed a longitudinal design utilizing both scenarios and survey data collection. Results from our study partially support the conclusion that individuals are more risk-averse in their own legal claiming considerations than they are in the advice they offer to similarly-situated others. Furthermore, accountability, reputation and interpersonal influence (one aspect of political skill) were found to significantly influence the likelihood of legal claiming. The pattern of results indicates that social influence variables play a role in determining whether legal claiming will be pursued and what type of claiming will be chosen.