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This new cardiovascular policy, Changing Cardiovascular Health covering the period 2010-2019, comes a decade after the first national cardiovascular health strategy, entitled Building Healthier Hearts, was published by the Department of Health in 1999. The new policy is timely given the pace of scientific discovery and related changes in medical practice, changes in health service structures, and patterns and influences on population health behaviours in Ireland over the decade. Cardiovascular health and its maintenance is a microcosm of health more generally. A policy that can improve cardiovascular health and cardiovascular disease management will have beneficial effects for the whole healthcare system and population.Download this document

Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular health care are well documented. Promising approaches to disparity reduction are increasingly described in literature published since 1995, but reports are fragmented by risk, condition, population, and setting. The authors conducted a systematic review of clinically oriented studies in communities of color that addressed hypertension, hyperlipidemia, physical inactivity, tobacco, and two major cardiovascular conditions, coronary artery disease and heart failure. Virtually no literature specifically addressed disparity reduction. The greatest focus has been African American populations, with relatively little work in Hispanic, Asian, and Native American populations. The authors found 62 interventions, 27 addressing hypertension, 9 lipids, 18 tobacco use, 8 physical inactivity, and 7 heart failure. Only 1 study specifically addressed postmyocardial infarction care. Data supporting the value of registries, multidisciplinary teams, and community outreach were found across several conditions. Interventions addressing care transitions, using telephonic outreach, and promoting medication access and adherence merit further exploration.

This book provides an introduction to the principles of both cardiovascular epidemiology and molecular pathophysiology; as a unique aspect, it also outlines and discusses the molecular concepts underlying epidemiological observations. This third volume is focused on the most common cardiovascular events to provide an overview on pathogenesis and clinical aspects. The book promotes the use of interdisciplinary approaches in the field of preventive medicine based on recent advances in molecular and cellular pathophysiology. The book offers a valuable resourcefor researchers in basic biomedical fields and clinical scientists alike, as well as guidelines for novel avenues of research in both basic pathophysiology and cardiovascular therapy and prevention.

Women And Cardiovascular Health Cardiovascular disease is currently the major cause of mortality among women in Ireland. During the years 1989-1998, it was found that an average of 4,252 women in this country died from ischaemic and other heart diseases each year (Balanda and Wilde, 2001). When compared with other European Union countries, Ireland has been found to have the second highest rate of ischaemic heart disease among women, Click here to download PDF 2.4mb This is a publication of the Women's Health Council

The synergies and cumulative effects among different foods and nutrients are what produce the benefits of a healthy dietary pattern. Diets and dietary patterns are a major environmental factor that we are exposed to several times a day. People can learn how to control this behavior in order to promote healthy living and aging, and to prevent diet-related diseases. To date, the traditional Mediterranean diet has been the only well-studied pattern. Stroke incidence, a number of classical risk factors including lipid profile and glycaemia, emergent risk factors such as the length of telomeres, and emotional eating behavior can be affected by genetic predisposition. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet could exert beneficial effects on these risk factors. Our individual genetic make-up should be taken into account to better prevent these traits and their subsequent consequences in cardiovascular disease development. In the present work, we review the results of nutritional genomics explaining the role of the Mediterranean diet in human cardiovascular disease. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to extract knowledge from large-scale data. ; MF was supported by a joint contract of the ISCIII and Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya) (CP 06/00100). CIBEROBN is an initiative of Institute of Health Carlos III/nof Spain which is supported by FEDER funds (CB06/03).

Over half of all cardiovascular (CV) events could be prevented by improved diet. This is reflected in government targets for fruit/vegetable intake, yet these are variable across the world (UK: 5-a-day; USA: 9-a-day), do not identify specific fruits/vegetables, and prove hard to achieve. Mounting evidence from prospective studies, supported by recent randomised controlled trials suggest that the benefits of fruits/vegetables may be due to bioactive substances called flavonoids. Specifically one sub-class of flavonoids, the anthocyanins, responsible for the red/blue hue, are receiving growing attention. Although promising data is emerging from cohort studies, and cell/animal studies, proof of efficacy from longer-term randomised controlled trials, and an understanding of the importance of differential metabolism in relation to clinical efficacy are distinctly lacking. Diet related ill-health are among the leading priorities of our time and simple dietary change, including incorporating a few portions of anthocyanin-rich fruit into our diet could have a significant impact at a public health level.

Current policy initiatives that address the health of youth, a group where more than one set of developmental standards may apply, often are based on conflicting evidence. At the same time, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child has provided an over-arching ethical framework with the goal of ensuring that all children and youth have equal human rights, regardless of their personal or family circumstances. How do these approaches coincide and are they working?.

Purpose. We examined the cardiovascular health profiles of benefit-eligible hospital employees who participated in an incentive screen program for 4 years. We also determined if cardiovascular health changes differed between participants (CHAP) who enrolled in structured follow-up risk reduction programs (CHAPplus) compared with those who chose less formal options (CHAPonly). Methods. CHAP consisted of cardiovascular screens, results counseling, and encouragement to participate in education and behavioral support programs. After adjusting for gender, medication use, and baseline levels of adiposity and physical activity, cardiovascular health changes were tested with repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) among CHAP participants and by CHAP type. Results. CHAP 4-year members (n = 278) were generally healthy and mostly women (87%) with an average age of 40.6 ± .5 years at baseline. Despite increases in overall (p = .034) and central adiposity (p = .001), cardiovascular health improvements were found for the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (TCHOL/HDL; p = .007), low-density lipoprotein (p = .009), and blood glucose (p = .018) among 4-year CHAP members. CHAPonly employees showed greater improvements in most cardiovascular health indicators than CHAPplus participants, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance. Discussion. Cardiovascular health improvements were associated with long-term participation in a hospital worksite incentive screen program. The cardiovascular health benefits tended to be greatest for CHAP employees who chose informal follow-up risk reduction options (CHAPonly) than those who enrolled in structured programs (CHAPplus).

The health of African Americans has been largely described in terms of deficits, disease and death. Little attention has been histori­cally given to the fact that African Americans as a population show the sustained ability to survive an evolving array of social, eco­nomic and environmental adversities that date back to more than a century before the founding of the United States. While these inequities have indeed taken (and continue to take) a devastating toll, there is also wide heterogeneity in outcomes, suggesting the existence of substantial individual and col­lective resilience among African Americans.This Perspective aims to stimulate discus­sion and research that explores resilience in a population in which "overcoming" and "bouncing back" from adversities (ranging from minor incidents to legally ordained, chronic and horrific oppression) has been a requirement for survival. Rigorous scientific exploration of Black resilience may yield important insights into the phenomenon of human resilience that transcend race. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(2):365-368; doi:10.18865/ ed.30.2.365

Humanity is a difficult term to define, but frequently refers to a kind of public morality and is often called upon in desperation by the upholders of international humanitarian law and human rights law when recalling that humanity is a source of these laws. Discusses whether the humanity of humans is part of human nature, a learned quality, or both. Takes this discussion beyond the domain of philosophy to include a scientific approach. (Quotes from original text)

The study, Strategic Public-Private Partnerships to Transform Cardiovascular Health, was developed under the guidance of Professor Rifat Atun, Professor of Global Health Systems at Harvard University and Director of the Health Systems Innovation Lab and implemented by a team consisting of Dr Ché L. Reddy, Associate Director Health Systems Innovation Lab, Harvard University, Dr Lindsay M. Murphy and Dr Carlo Ross, Research Assistants at Health Systems Innovation Lab, Harvard University. The ideas, insights and frameworks in the report are drawn from earlier research at the Health System Innovation Lab combined with a systematic literature review and interviews with leaders involved in the development and implementation of strategic Public-Private Partnerships to transform Cardiovascular Health.