Suchergebnisse

"Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking" published on by Oxford University Press.

"Graphic narratives of tragedies involving the journeys of irregular migrants trying to reach destinations in the global north are common in the media and are blamed almost invariably on human smuggling facilitators, described as rapacious members of highly structured underground transnational criminal organizations, who take advantage of migrants and prey upon their vulnerability. This book contributes to the current scholarship on migration by proving a window into the lives and experiences of those behind the facilitation of irregular border crossing journeys. Based on fieldwork conducted among coyotes in Arizona - the main point of entry for irregular migrants in the United States by the turn of the 21st Century - this project goes beyond traditional narratives of victimization and financial exploitation and asks: who are the men and women behind the journeys of irregular migrants worldwide? How and why do they enter the human smuggling market? How are they organized? How do they understand their roles in transnational migration? How do they explain the violence and victimization so many migrants face while in transit? This book will be suitable for students and academics involved in the study of migration, border enforcement and migrant and refugee criminalization."--

Even though human smuggling is one of the central topics of contention in the political discourse about immigration, it has received virtually no attention from moral philosophy. This article aims to fill this gap and provide a moral analysis of commercial human smuggling. The article accomplishes this by analyzing whether the moral outrage against human smugglers during the European refugee crisis can be justified. To do this, the article first analyzes whether (commercial) human smuggling is inherently wrong. Answering this question in the negative, this article then asks whether the wholesale condemnation of human smuggling in the European case can nevertheless be justified by recourse to a nation-state's purported right to political self-determination.

Compares two cases of smuggling -- migration from Ecuador to the US via paid smugglers & the trafficking of girls/women from Burma (Myanmar) to be slaves at brothels in Thailand -- to challenge explanations of human trafficking as a recent illicit activity in transnational crime made possible by globalization, or as exploitation of innocent migrants by organized crime. Instead, it is argued that increased human smuggling is largely the result of historical actions by politicians/state actors in both the sending & receiving nations, & the varied smuggling operations are deeply integrated into regional social structures. Analysis of the two cases shows that, in spite of many contrasts, they both require considerable tacit & active complicity by individuals in the sending & receiving nations. Transnational organized crime was not shown to play an important role in either case; the smugglers were integrated into the social fabric; & their operations were aided by a network of recruiters, middlemen, government/law officials, & financiers. The need to explore the broader historical-sociological dimensions of human smuggling is discussed. 46 References. J. Lindroth