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Humanitarianism as a concept is arguably as old as humanity itself. To help one's fellow man in their time of need irrespective of race, religion, caste, or creed has been preached by innumerable ideologies. Despite being such a universally understood concept, in recent decades humanitarianism, has faced increased conflation with 'humanitarian intervention'. This paper seeks to discern the differences between humanitarianism and humanitarian intervention and will do so by examining the ideological and foundational differences between the two concepts. The two concepts despite sounding similar are fundamentally different; they involve different actors and have different objectives. This paper will distinguish between state and non- state actors and the different humanitarian roles, values, and interests they have. This paper will posit that states that engage in military interventions are not humanitarians and that the conflation of such actions with those of impartial non-state actors are highly damaging to the ideals and values of humanitarianism.

The following speech was given by the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Peter Maurer, on 2 October 2014 at the Maison de la Paix in Geneva during a conference organized by the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies. Maurer recalled the continued relevance and importance of the humanitarian principles and warned that a lack of common understanding, as well as politicized uses of the principles, jeopardizes the scope and scale of humanitarian action. The speech launched the ICRC's Second Research and Debate Cycle on Principles Guiding Humanitarian Action. Throughout 2015 – the year of the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross and Red Movement (the Movement) and of the 32nd International Conference of the Movement, and leading to the World Humanitarian Summit in 2016 – the Research and Debate Cycyle has gathered key actors in the humanitarian field during public events and high-level conferences.1These events have encouraged substantive discussions on the principles among experts from the Movement, the humanitarian, governmental and academic fields, and other informed participants.

Humanitarianism as a concept is arguably as old as humanity itself. To help one's fellow man in their time of need irrespective of race, religion, caste, or creed has been preached by innumerable ideologies. Despite being such a universally understood concept, in recent decades humanitarianism, has faced increased conflation with 'humanitarian intervention'. This paper seeks to discern the differences between humanitarianism and humanitarian intervention and will do so by examining the ideological and foundational differences between the two concepts. The two concepts despite sounding similar are fundamentally different; they involve different actors and have different objectives. This paper will distinguish between state and non- state actors and the different humanitarian roles, values, and interests they have. This paper will posit that states that engage in military interventions are not humanitarians and that the conflation of such actions with those of impartial non-state actors are highly damaging to the ideals and values of humanitarianism.

Abstract
Conceptually rooted in the efforts to ban indiscriminate weapons and both their immediate and long-term effects, humanitarian mine action and humanitarian disarmament operations have developed significantly since 1988, when the United Nations first took on work on mine action operations for the protection and benefit of local communities. A large part of those operations has been carried out by humanitarian disarmament NGOs such as the Mines Advisory Group (MAG), one of the first organizations to be established on this issue. Drawing on MAG's experience and perspective, this article explores how the humanitarian principles apply to humanitarian disarmament operations. The aim of the article is to show that as an operator on the humanitarian–development nexus, MAG considers the four humanitarian principles as a critical and necessary part of its reference framework due to the influence of the humanitarian disarmament framework, even when operating in the development space. All in all, the case of humanitarian disarmament and MAG's experience are good examples to illustrate where the humanitarian horizon is extended because of long-terms serious needs, and that humanitarian principles remain essential to keep the focus on the needs of affected populations.

Linking theory with policy and practice, this text introduces humanitarian economics as an emerging field of study that encompasses the economic and political economy dimensions of war, disaster, terrorism and humanitarianism. The work illustrates how economic analysis can improve our understanding of humanitarian crises, and how it can inform humanitarian actors, be it for example in negotiating with armed groups or in capturing the ambiguous role of aid in conflict

This book analyzes a new phenomenon in international law: international organizations assuming the powers of a national government in order to reform political institutions. After reviewing the history of internationalized territories, this book asks two questions about these 'humanitarian occupations'. First, why did they occur? The book argues that the missions were part of a larger trend in international law to maintain existing states and their populations. The only way this could occur in these territories, which had all seen violent internal conflict, was for international administrators to take charge. Second, what is the legal justification for the missions? The book examines each of the existing justifications and finds them wanting. A new foundation is needed, one that takes account of the missions' authorisation by the UN Security Council and their pursuit of goals widely supported in the international community

This review examines humanitarian governance, defined as the increasingly organized and internationalized attempt to save the lives, enhance the welfare, and reduce the suffering of the world's most vulnerable populations. Political scientists and international relations scholars are only now beginning to explain this rapidly growing global governance of humanity, which is particularly evident in the developing literatures on humanitarian intervention, emergency relief, peacebuilding, and refugee protection. As they increasingly engage this relatively unexplored area of global life, political scientists are using the familiar analytics of the global governance literature to explain the origins, design, and effectiveness of this collective activity. This essay, though, interjects an alternative perspective, one that draws from critical theory, to widen the research agenda of the study of humanitarian governance. Specifically, the essay raises six central questions: What kind of world is being imagined and produced? What accounts for the tremendous growth of humanitarian governance over the last century? Who governs? How is humanitarian governance organized and accomplished? What are the principal techniques of control? By what authority do humanitarians govern and what do they do with that authority? Adapted from the source document.

With some 50 billion people living under duress and threatened by wars and disasters in 2012, the demand for relief worldwide has reached unprecedented levels. Humanitarianism is now a multi-billion dollar enterprise, and aid agencies are obliged to respond to a range of economic forces in order to 'stay in business'. In his customarily hard-hitting analysis, Thomas G. Weiss offers penetrating insights into the complexities and challenges of the contemporary humanitarian marketplace. In addition to changing political and military conditions that generate demand for aid, private suppliers have changed too. Today's political economy places aid agencies side-by-side with for-profit businesses, including private military and security companies, in a marketplace that also is linked to global trade networks in illicit arms, natural resources, and drugs. This witch's brew is simmering in the cauldron of wars that are often protracted and always costly to civilians who are the very targets of violence. While belligerents put a price-tag on access to victims, aid agencies pursue branding in a competition for 'scarce' resources relative to the staggering needs. As marketization encroaches on traditional humanitarianism, it seems everything may have a priceÑfrom access and principles, to moral authority and lives.

PROLOGUE Chapter 1: LOGISTICS OF HUMANITARIAN AID / Introduction / From Logistics to Supply Chain Management / Supply Chain Management / Supply Chain Management Fundamentals: Flows, Design, and Management Quality / Characteristics of a Humanitarian Supply Chain / Speed / Opportunities for Cross-Learning / Sharing Knowledge Between the Private and Humanitarian Sector / Conclusion Chapter 2: HUMANITARIANISM / Introduction / Not All that Glitters is Gold / Defining 'Humanitarian' / Humanitarian Space / Conflict Connection / The Humanitarian Challenge / Conclusion Chapter 3: PREPAREDNESS / Introduction / Hurricane Mitch / Successful Responses are not Improvised / Preparedness Challenges / Logistics Becomes a Central Function from Hurricane Mitch to Gujarat / Five Key Building Blocks of Preparedness / Preparedness Strategy Drives Response Effectiveness / Put an End to Fire-Fighting / Conclusion Chapter 4: COORDINATION / Introduction / The Need for Coordination / Levels of Coordination / Disaster Lifecycle / Matching the Lifecycle / Humanitarian Coordination: Obstacles to Overcome / Conclusion Chapter 5: INFORMATION MANAGEMENT / Introduction / Role of Information Management / Visibility (Pipeline) / Transparency (Process) / Accountability (Parties/Performance) / Benefits of Accountability / Information Flows / Conclusion Chapter 6: KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT / Introduction / How is Knowledge Created? / Knowledge is Created and Needed at Different Levels / Knowing Ahead of Time / They Know That You Don't Know What They Know ! And It Will Cost You / Barriers to Knowledge Sharing / Conclusion Chapter 7: BUILDING A SUCCESSFUL PARTNERSHIP / Introduction / Humanitarian-Private Partnerships / Building Learning Labs / Back Office Support / Humanitarians in the Forefront / Forms of Corporate Support for Humanitarian Activities / CSR Partnership Challenges / Investing in Partnerships: The TNT-WFP Case / Value Through Learning / Learning: A Difficult Process that Needs to be Managed Proactively / Barriers to Exchange Best Practice / Conclusion EPILOGUE

This paper seeks to explain Indonesia's response to the Rohingya humanitarian crisis in Myanmar in 2017. The purpose of this paper is to explain Indonesia's success in opening up humanitarian space. The Rohingya humanitarian crisis has come to international attention with manifestations such as the pressure on the Myanmar government to stabilize its domestic security, calls for dialogue, and the provision of humanitarian assistance by the United Nations. However, Myanmar declined the invitation and withheld the assistance provided. Amid the refusal, Indonesia emerged as an actor who sought to help deal with the humanitarian crisis which was responded positively by Myanmar. Indonesia's response to the crisis in 2017 was different when the crisis that occurred in 2012, i.e Indonesia rise the Rohingya crisis as a joint problem in the OIC and ASEAN forums. This paper uses qualitative methods using secondary data. The conceptual framework used is humanitarian diplomacy. The findings of this paper are that Indonesia responded to the crisis by coordinating with Bangladesh after holding a dialogue with the Myanmar government to open up humanitarian space. Furthermore, the establishment of AKIM shows that the response of the Indonesian government was also encouraged by Islamic groups in Indonesia. Indonesia's success is due to Indonesia's good track record of Myanmar.

AbstractIn 2008, 260 humanitarian aid workers were killed or injured in violent attacks. Such attacks and other restrictions substantially limit the ability of humanitarian aid agencies to provide assistance to those in need, meaning that millions of people around the world are denied the basic food, water, shelter and sanitation necessary for survival. Using the humanitarian crises in Darfur and Somalia as examples, this paper considers the legal obligation of state and non-state actors to consent to and facilitate humanitarian assistance. It is shown that the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols, as well as customary international law, require that states consent to and facilitate humanitarian assistance which is impartial in character and conducted without adverse distinction, where failure to do so may lead to starvation or otherwise threaten the survival of a civilian population. This paper considers whether this obligation has been further expanded by the development of customary international law in recent years, as well as by international human rights law, to the point that states now have an obligation to accept and to facilitate humanitarian assistance in both international and non-international armed conflicts, even where the denial of such assistance does not necessarily threaten the survival of a civilian population.