Suchergebnisse

Identity and Gender in Hunting and Gathering Societies. Ian Keen and Takado Yamada. eds. Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology, 2001. 263 pp.

Intro -- Ancient Hunting Strategies in Southern South America: An Introduction -- List of Reviewers -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Ancient Hunting Strategies of Wild Camelids Through the Study of Multiple Lines of Archaeological Evidences at Southern Argentine Puna -- 1.1 Introduction: About Hunting as a Practice -- 1.2 Hunting Strategies and Its Relevance in Argentine Puna -- 1.3 Antofagasta de la Sierra: Environmental Characteristics -- 1.4 Knowing the Preys: Vicuñas -- 1.5 The Construction of Hunting Models at Southern Argentine Puna -- 1.5.1 Quebrada Seca Case -- 1.5.2 Antofalla Ravine -- 1.6 Discussion: Intersecting Knowledges -- 1.7 Final Remarks -- References -- 2 Tiny Arrow Points, Bone-Tipped Projectiles, and Foraging During the Late Prehispanic Period (Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina) -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.3 Results -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Assessing Strategies for Coypu Hunting and Use in the Salado River Depression (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Natural Environment -- 3.2.1 Myocastor coypus (Molina 1782) -- 3.3 Methodological Aspects -- 3.4 The Exploitation of Coypu in the Salado River Depression -- 3.4.1 The Archaeofaunal Record -- 3.4.2 Lithic Weapons: Projectile Points and Bola Stones -- 3.4.3 Pottery -- 3.4.4 Actualistic Studies -- 3.4.5 Documentary Sources -- 3.5 Discussion -- 3.6 Final Comments -- References -- 4 Guanaco Hunting Strategies in the Southeastern Pampas During the Late Holocene -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Environmental and Ecological Characteristics of the Area -- 4.3 Characterisctis of Guanaco (Lama Guanicoe) -- 4.4 Materials and Methods -- 4.4.1 Archaeological Sites -- 4.4.2 Methodology -- 4.5 Results -- 4.5.1 Mortality Profiles -- 4.5.2 Representation of Guanaco Skeletal Parts -- 4.5.3 Projectile Point Types.

Hunters and gatherers living in tropical forests represent an important part of the total range of variation among contemporary hunting and gathering societies. Studies of tropical forest hunting and gathering peoples have contributed to our perceptions of the foraging way of life. Yet no peoples have ever been directly observed living independently of agriculture in tropical rain forest. This article tests the hypothesis that humans do not exist nor have ever existed independently of agriculture in tropical rain forest. We find no convincing ethnographic evidence and, with the possible exception of Malaysia, no archeological evidence for pure foragers in undisturbed tropical rain forests. Negative evidence cannot be conclusive, but it suggests that we need to carefully reexamine common assumptions concerning the recent history of tropical forest dwellers, the adaptability of preagricultural humans, the geographic and environmental range of hominids, and the form and consequences of selection pressures acting on humans in warm, humid environments. The overriding purpose of this article is to stimulate further ecological and archeological research in the neglected tropical forest areas of the world.

In this book, Robert L. Kelly challenges the preconceptions that hunter-gatherers were Paleolithic relics living in a raw state of nature, instead crafting a position that emphasizes their diversity, and downplays attempts to model the original foraging lifeway or to use foragers to depict human nature stripped to its core. Kelly reviews the anthropological literature for variation among living foragers in terms of diet, mobility, sharing, land tenure, technology, exchange, male-female relations, division of labor, marriage, descent and political organization. Using the paradigm of human behavioral ecology, he analyzes the diversity in these areas and seeks to explain rather than explain away variability, and argues for an approach to prehistory that uses archaeological data to test theory rather than one that uses ethnographic analogy to reconstruct the past

Hunter-gatherers and anthropology -- Environment, evolution, and anthropological theory -- Foraging and subsistence -- Foraging and mobility -- Sharing, exchange, and land tenure -- Group size and reproduction -- Men, women, and foraging -- Egalitarian and nonegalitarian hunter-gatherers -- Hunter-gatherers and prehistory