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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Artificial Intelligence Research -- Methods of Neural Network Modeling of Clusterization of Taxpayers to Determine Credit Risk by a Financial Regulator -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and Methodology -- 2.1 Methodology for the Formation of a Set of Factors and a Generalized Indicator in the Clustering Problem -- 2.2 Classical Bankruptcy Prediction Models -- 3 Study Result -- 3.1 Economic and Mathematical Modeling Concept -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Machine Learning Approach on Burnout - The Case of Principals from Southern Israel -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Materials and Methods -- 4 Machine Learning in Burnout Estimation -- 5 Results and Conclusions -- References -- Big Data and Data Mining -- A Data Mining Analysis of Cross-Regional Study of Apparel Consumption -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Cross-National Studies and Demographic Factors -- 2.2 Cue Utilization Theory -- 2.3 Consumer Innovativeness -- 2.4 Fashion Information Sources -- 3 Research Method -- 4 Data Analysis and Findings -- 4.1 Association Analysis -- 4.2 Frequent Item Sets -- 4.3 Generate Strong Association Role -- 5 Conclusion and Limitations -- References -- Blockchain and Cryptocurrency -- Portfolio Optimization with Investment in Cryptocurrencies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Empirical Data and Analysis -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Modeling the Dynamics of the Value of Digital Financial Assets Using the Example of Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Choosing a Predictive Model -- 4 Forecasting the Value of Cryptocurrencies -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Business, Finance and Accounting and Statistics -- Insights from Some Governments' Budget Functional Expenditures for the Fifteen Years: 2005-2019.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Big Data and Data Mining -- Network Patterns in South African Election Tweets -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background and Related Work -- 2.1 Social Networks -- 2.2 Social Network Analysis -- 3 Approach -- 4 Results -- 5 Findings -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- RusIdiolect: A New Resource for Authorship Studies -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Corpora for Automated Idiolect Identification -- 2.1 Corpora of "Experimental" Texts -- 2.2 Corpora of "Real-World" Texts -- 3 RusIdiolect: A New Resource for Idiolect Research -- 3.1 General Overview of the Resource -- 3.2 Metadata -- 3.2.1 Factors Related to Author -- 3.2.2 Factors Related to the Context of Text Production -- 3.2.3 Factors Related to the Process of Text Production -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Some Peculiarities of Big Data Legal Regulation in the Digital Age -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Main Objectives -- 3 Socio-economic Aspects of Digitalization -- 4 Digitalization and the Institution of Law -- 5 The Role of Science in Future Basics of Law Formation -- 6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Citation Recommendation with Random Walking -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 3 Our Approach -- 4 Experimental Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Business, Finance & -- Accounting and Statistics -- Digitization of Investment-Innovation Development of Ukrainian Economy: Empirical Analysis -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Russian Accounting Practice in the 17th Century and Its Transformation by Peter the Great -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methodological Framework -- 3 History and Structure of the Administrative and Financial Systems of Moscow Monarchy -- 4 Peter the Great Reforms in Public Administration and Accounting.

Many Communities, One Shared Future' was the theme of the recently concluded International Conference on Cohesive Societies (ICCS). A key takeaway is that diversity is not a hindrance to social cohesion; it is how people manage the difference. It is also important that everyone plays a part and not wait for the government or institutions to do something.

Background: Promoting tolerance is an important goal of European education policies focused on education for democratic citizenship and human rights. In this article, we argue that cross-cultural comparability must be empirically assessed and ensured for the measurement of highly relevant indicators that serve to monitor inter-European and international differences in young people's tolerant attitudes toward immigrants. Methods: Using the framework and data provided by the recent International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2016), we examine the extent to which average comparisons of cross-national differences in young people's tolerant attitudes toward immigrants are empirically justified. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) is applied to estimate the measurement model of the concept and test its measurement invariance across fourteen European countries. Results: In line with prior research, our findings show that cross-cultural comparability can be achieved with some modifications. Results of measurement invariance analysis point to the achievement of full scalar invariance with the implication that average scores can be validly compared across the European educational systems under investigation. These findings are largely corroborated by robustness analyses. Conclusions: We conclude by providing information on further scale refinement and improvement. Limitations and implications for further research are outlined and discussed.

This Open Access book presents an international group of scholars seeking to understand how youth from different cultures relate to modern multidimensional concepts of citizenship, and the roles that education and society have in shaping the views of the world's future citizens. The book also explores how different aspects of citizenship, such as attitudes towards diverse population groups and concerns for social issues, relate to classical definitions of norm-based citizenship from the political sciences. Authors from Asia, Europe, and Latin America provide a series of in-depth investigations into how concepts of "good citizenship" are shaped in different regions of the globe, using the rich comparative data from the IEA's International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) 2016. In twelve chapters, the authors review the concept of "good citizenship"; how citizenship norms adherence is configured into profiles across countries; and what country, school, and background factors are related to how students adhere to citizenship norms. Recognizing contingent social and political situations in specific regions of the world, the present books offer six chapters where authors apply their expertise to offer locally relevant and pertinent observations on how young people from diverse cultures understand and relate to different dimensions of citizenship in countries of Asia, Europe, and Latin America. The present book is of relevance for different audiences interested in civic education and political socialization, including social sciences and education, integrating topics from political science, sociology, political psychology, and law.

Using data from the International Civic and Citizenship Study, this quantitative study explores the potential for open classroom climates to foster political efficacy and civic knowledge among 8th grade students in 14 Western European countries. Findings show that an open classroom climate is associated with increased civic knowledge and political efficacy. In addition, civic knowledge and political efficacy are positively correlated with social movement citizenship. However, the relationships between both political efficacy and civic knowledge on social movement citizenship are strengthened with presence of an open classroom climate. This study demonstrates the importance of an open classroom climate to develop students' knowledge and efficacy related to active citizenship.

YouTube brings the opportunity for people even to the members of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous People (ICCs/IPs) to upload, publish, and watch videos that do not require higher technical skills. Using Edward Said's concept of Orientalism this paper evaluates several vlogs that deal with the life, culture, and tradition of the Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines. This study examined twenty videos of Filipino vloggers from an etic and emic perspective. The analysis is divided into three substantial parts: (1) orientalism in etic perspective; (2) orientalism in emic perspective; and (3) critical comparison of orientalism in etic and emic perspective. The paper looked into the characteristics of latent and manifest orientalism. In YouTube, vlogging gave IPs new ways to practice self-representation and counter-orientalism. This research intends to contribute to a better understanding of digital ethnography and indigenous studies in the Philippines by providing new and in-depth information about the representation of Indigenous Peoples in YouTube.

Unethical behavior is one of the grand challenges facing international construction companies (ICCs) to move toward sustainable development when operating on an international basis. The ethics and compliance program (ECP) has played a significant role in addressing illegal and unethical behavior and avoiding liability in multinational companies. However, there have been few studies on the current status, major barriers, and best solutions to ECP adoption in ICCs. To fill this gap, an international questionnaire was conducted; 87 valid samples of Chinese ICCs located in 44 countries were filtered out for in-depth analysis. The survey results showed that only 36.8% of responding ICCs exercised compliance functions through the compliance department. The top five recognized barriers hampering ECP adoption were "lack of related laws and regulations", "insufficient support from the government", "lack of authorization to the compliance department", "shortage of compliance professionals", and "lack of case studies". There was no disagreement about the barriers' rankings among organizations of different firm ownerships, sizes, and locations, except the variable "great institutional distance". Results also revealed the top five best solutions to help ICCs overcome the identified barriers. The findings would enhance the understanding of industry practitioners and policymakers, hence helping them address corresponding solutions to boost ECP adoption and promote the sustainable development of ICCs.

Leitend ist für die International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2016 (ICCS 2016) die Frage, inwieweit Jugendliche in der Schule auf ihre Rolle als Bürger*innen in Demokratien vorbereitet werden. Im Jahr 2016 hat Nordrhein-Westfalen als eines von 24 Schulsystemen in Europa, Asien und Lateinamerika an ICCS 2016 teilgenommen. Damit liegen erstmals seit 1999 international vergleichende Erkenntnisse über die Situation der politischen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Bildung für ein deutsches Bundesland vor. Der nationale Bericht zu ICCS 2016 stellt folgende Fragen in den Mittelpunkt: – Über welche Kompetenzen zur Analyse des politischen Geschehens verfügen Schüler*innen im internationalen Vergleich? – Welche für Bürgerschaft relevanten Einstellungen, Identitäten und Partizipationsabsichten zeigen 14-Jährige? – Welche Voraussetzungen sind innerhalb und außerhalb der Schule für zivilgesellschaftliche und politische Bildung bedeutsam? Zu diesen Fragen werden Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund der bisherigen Forschung und Theoriebildung diskutiert und in den internationalen Vergleich eingeordnet. Die Studie bietet für Studierende, pädagogische Fachkräfte, Verantwortliche im Bildungssystem und Wissenschaftler*innen eine Gelegenheit, ihre Vorstellungen über politisches Wissen, Identitäten, Einstellungen, Partizipationsbereitschaft und Zukunftserwartungen künftiger Bürger*innen zu reflektieren. Durch eine Bestandsaufnahme des politischen Mindsets von 14-Jährigen im internationalen Vergleich schafft ICCS 2016 eine empirische Basis für die weitere Entwicklung der politischen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Bildung in den beteiligten Ländern.

In this article, we explore teachers' ideas about teaching for democratic citizenship. In short, we want to understand "what kind of citizen" teachers aim to educate. We ground our study in three ideal types that represent different ways of understanding what education for democratic citizenship education revolves around: politically informed citizenship (politisk informert medborgerskap), rational autonomous citizenship (rasjonelt autonomt medborgerskap), and socially intelligent citizenship (sosialt intelligent medborgerskap). A first finding is that teacher emphasize that students should acquire knowledge that they can make use of as democratic citizens. Teachers are preoccupied with making students politically informed. A second finding is, however, that teachers understand democratic citizenship education as something more than just knowledge acquisition. One purpose that holds high priority with the teachers is that students should learn how to think critically; to become rationally autonomous. The pedagogical implication of this view is that students should acquire knowledge, skills, and attitudes that helps realize this ambition. This interpretation of what democratic citizenship is moves beyond being able to make an informed choice between different alternatives or representatives. In the last part of the article education for democratic citizenship is discussed in light of the third category; the socially intelligent citizen. We find that while teachers put much emphasis on knowledge and critical thinking, there is little emphasis on participation in democratic practices. We thus conclude that teachers talk about schooling as a tool for democracy much more than they talk about democracy as an ideal or model for schooling.