Suchergebnisse

Worldwide, there is a low representation of women in elected political positions compared to men. Several studies have shown that women are more concern about women's and children's issues. Given that women make up a larger share of the poor, helping women could be one possible way of fighting poverty. The context in which women live can be challenged and changed by empowering women politically. Past studies conducted to analyze the impact that women politicians have on policies and investments they make will be explored in this research study. Specifically, how giving greater political power to women can be an effective strategy in fighting poverty will be analyzed. Data from 196 countries from 1997-2012 on the proportion of seats taken by women in national parliament and other various outcomes will be used in proposed study. It finds that as percentage of women increases in the national parliament, both the population below the national poverty line and children mortality rate decreases.

The paper aims to examine the effects of financial technology (Kisan Credit Card and ATM) on India's Poverty and empirically analyze the influence of financial technology on poverty scores. We consider data from twenty-two Indian states for three fiscal years, i.e., from 2018 to 2020. The current study uses panel data analysis to test the hypothesis. Results suggest a negative association between financial technology (Kisan credit card and ATM) and its influence on the poverty score in India. The current study suggests that the government should pay more attention to expanding financial technology, including increasing economic growth and financial stability and eliminating poverty by investing in infrastructure that would enhance banking services.

The paper provides a consistent time-series of poverty
estimates for the period 1963- 64 to 1992-93 for both the rural as well
as the urban areas, examines the influence of macroeconomic policies on
the poverty levels, analyses the impact of Structural Adjustment
Programmes on the levels of poverty, and suggests a strategy for poverty
alleviation in Pakistan. The paper explores in particular the influence
on poverty of such factors as economic growth, agricultural growth,
terms of trade for the agriculture sector, industrial production, rate
of inflation, employment, wages, remittances, and the tax structure.
While the paper cautions that on account of the limited number of
observations the results of the study should be interpreted cautiously,
the study does suggest that the growth above a threshold level of about
5 percent, increase in employment, and remittances are the most
important variables explaining the change in poverty over time. The
paper also comes to the conclusion that the policies pursued under the
Structural Adjustment Programme have tended to increase the poverty
levels mainly because of decline in growth rates, withdrawal of
subsidies on agricultural inputs and consumption, decline in employment,
increase in indirect taxes, and decline in public expenditure on social
services. The paper also outlines a strategy for poverty eradication and
argues that besides the safety nets, the employment programmes, as well
as promotion of informal sector enterprises, are essential.

The petroleum sector contributes substantially to the Nigerian economy; however, the potential benefits are diminished because of the existence of significant subsidies on imports of petroleum products. Subsidies on imported petroleum products are considered to be an important instrument for keeping fuel prices, and hence the cost of living, low. The costs of these subsidies, however, have risen dramatically in recent years along with increased volatility in world petroleum and petroleum product prices and increased illegal exportation of subsidized petroleum products into neighboring countries. Removing the subsidy on fuel is one of the most contentious socioeconomic policy issues in Nigeria today. In this paper, an economy-wide framework is used to identify the impact of removing the fuel subsidy on the Nigerian economy and investigate how alternative policies might be used to meet socioeconomic objectives related to fuel subsidies. The results show that although a reduction in the subsidy generally results in an increase in Nigeria's gross domestic product, it can have a detrimental impact on household income, and in particular on poor households. Accompanying the subsidy reduction with income transfers aimed at poor households or domestic production of petroleum products can alleviate the negative impacts on household income.

Since the dawn of the industrial revolution, and the ushering in of an era of global economic relations, the United States and Europe have been the core poles of economic power. However, China along with India are increasingly challenging the traditional economic hegemony. An issue of great importance is how this shift in the global economic balance of power will affect developing economies and the transition economies of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), which are located in China's backyard and deeply integrated into its economy through regional supply chains. This volume examines the relationship between transition economies and the rise of China through presenting empirical case studies from the GMS. In doing so, it offers insights into the effect of China on developing countries in general, and offers practical policy directions for the place-specific economies of the GMS

Poverty and income inequality are extreme issues that still exist in Malaysia. Any rise in poverty and income inequality definitely affect economic growth. There are many great efforts taken by the government of Malaysia to eradicate poverty and to reduce the gap of income inequality which occurs since 1970's. The incidence of poverty and income inequality is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. This paper is mainly to study the level of poverty and income inequality in Malaysia together with government intervention to develop Malaysia's economic growth. The research is focused among the working people at Ipoh, Perak. In this paper, questionnaire forms are being distributed to get information regarding the issue of poverty and income inequality. It also looks into the strategies taken by the government of Malaysia to eradicate poverty and income inequality. Few recommendations are given in terms of education policy, financial aid and assistance from government and non-government organization (NGO) to upgrade the standard and quality of living among the poor and lower-income group of people.

This study quantifies occupational segregation and wage discrimination in rural labour market of Bangladesh. Wage equations for seven employment categories was estimated applying Heckman's two-step procedure. Multinomial logit analysis was applied to estimate occupational attainment for males from a set of personal characteristics and then an occupational distribution for females was simulated. Data set used was a part of an eight-village census undertaken by the Institute of Development Studies, Sussex. Ideally the capacity to transform time and strength of labour into income between men and women should differ due to the difference in productivity. This analysis shows that more than seventy per cent of total gender pay gap remains unjustified and is due mainly to the concentration to the low paid work owing to job discrimination. Development programmes in the rural sector have achieved some success in bringing poor women into the paid job but failed to reduce within job discrimination. Attempts to reduce poverty will not bring the desired goal unless women have free access to paid work and the unjustified job segregation and pay discrimination are considerably reduced.