ABSTRACTThe REMI and IMPLAN models are widely used approaches to estimating economic impacts for small regions. However, few benchmarks exist for assessing these estimates. This paper evaluates the relative performance of these models in terms of a given impact: the opening of an automobile assembly plant in central Illinois. Although our results are not conclusive and are limited by our application, we find that in terms of several indirect performance criteria, IMPLAN's outcomes, on balance, are somewhat more plausible than those for REMI.
AbstractMany local and regional practitioners still use the single multiplier version of economic (export) base analysis in project assessments. However, dependable estimates of this multiplier require that the division of total activity into its export (basic) and local (non‐basic) components be reasonably accurate across all industries. This paper compares the economic base multiplier that is generated by a shortcut approach, one calibrated by the Arizona Community Data Set (ACDS), with that generated by the popular IMPLAN input‐output model. The comparison is made across 577 micropolitan (all non‐metropolitan) US counties in the year 2000. Although the two approaches are not at all similar they generate comparable economic base multipliers. Moreover, various regional attributes, like human capital and specialization, affect the two multiplier estimates in much the same way.
Mexico imposed retaliatory tariffs on U.S. cheeses ranging from 20 to 25 percent in July 2018. In order to provide valuable information for the government and farmers, my research estimated the implicit cost of retaliatory tariffs by Mexico on U.S. cheese exports. In particular, I estimate the difference between the forecasted value of cheese exported to Mexico and the actual value of cheese exported to Mexico using four different models. The total impact to the U.S. economy from the losses due to retaliatory tariffs was assessed by IMPLAN, an input/output model. The results showed that Mexican tariffs decreased U.S. industry output by 354 million, value-added by 112 million, labor income by 68 million, and job by 1074 jobs respectively, on average. Decreasing exports in the long run is expected to decrease labor income and increase job losses in the U.S. which can increase social instability. Therefore, Mexico's retaliatory tariffs triggered by the U.S. trade war have had a great negative impact on the U.S.
AbstractAs an increasingly adopted renewable energy resource, solar power has a high potential for carbon emission reduction and economic development. This paper calculates the impact on job, income and output creation of a new solar power plant in an input‐output framework. The contribution is twofold. First, we compare the multipliers generated by the construction and operation/maintenance of a plant located in California with those it would have generated had it been built in Arizona. Second, we point out the differences in the results obtained with the popular IMPLAN software from those we get with the solar photovoltaic model of JEDI.
This study employs input-output (I/O) modeling at the state and county level to compare national estimates of the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The results show that more localized economies cannot achieve the results predicted by national models likely because of leakage of economic activity outside the boundaries of a single state or county. This study sheds light on methodological tools that forecasters and policy makers can use in making decisions based on economic impact of social safety net programs. Adapted from the source document.
This study employs input–output (I/O) modeling at the state and county level to compare national estimates of the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The results show that more localized economies cannot achieve the results predicted by national models likely because of leakage of economic activity outside the boundaries of a single state or county. This study sheds light on methodological tools that forecasters and policy makers can use in making decisions based on economic impact of social safety net programs.
State climate and clean energy policy will play a critical role in the future of the political dialogue and economic development. Policymakers from around the world already recognize the leadership of American states in this domain. Rooted in public policy theory, and employing a mixed-methods approach that includes advanced economic analysis and qualitative research, Benjamin H. Deitchman explores the policy tools that address the politics and economics of clean energy development and deployment across all 50 states. Deitchman includes in his analysis international case studies of this policy context in Canada, Germany, and Australia to reveal different state-level policy tools, the politics behind the tools, and the economic implications of alternative approaches. The rigorous analysis of the politics of state level institutions and economic implications of subnational climate and clean energy actions offers researchers, students, and policymakers with practical information to advance their understanding of these options in the policy process.
Landscaping and nursery enterprises, commonly known as green industry enterprises, can be found everywhere in Utah, and are necessary to create both aesthetic appeal and human well-being in the built environment. In order to understand the impact that events such as economic shocks or policy changes may have on the green industry, the baseline performance and contribution of the industry must be specified for comparison following these shocks. This study provides a summary and evaluation of the current performance of the green industry in Utah, and estimates the industry's contributions to Utah's economy in terms of transactions between industries, employee compensation, and government tax revenue using economic multipliers from the IMPLAN (IMpact analysis for PLANning) model for Utah. While the green industry contributed less than 1% of overall employment and taxable sales in Utah in 2018, the follow-on economic impacts contributed by green industry activity are important to consider. More than 12 thousand green industry jobs distributed throughout the state stimulated an additional 6,679 jobs in the wider economy through business-to-business purchasing and employee spending.
Rural areas across the U.S. are experiencing extremely tough economic times. As business layoffs continue, the economy of these rural communities will suffer more and more. One opportunity leaders in rural communities often overlook is health care. Rural leaders know the importance of medical facilities in providing health care but are often unaware of the economic impact and opportunities that health care has on their economic health. The overall objective of this paper is to illustrate and measure the economic impact of critical access hospitals on a medical service area, on a county and at the state level. The paper will discuss how the results can be used to enhance and expand health services at each governmental level. There are nine critical access hospital in Hawaii. Operational data, which include employment, wages and salaries, and revenue were collected from each hospital in 2008. Also, construction data, which reflects capital expenditures, were collected. Then the input-output model, using data from IMPLAN were used to measure the operational economic impact and construction impact at three government levels. These included impacts of a critical access hospital on a community (Hale Ho'ola Hamakua), impact of three critical access hospitals on Hawaii County, and impact of nine critical access hospitals on the state of Hawaii. This section will present economic impacts at each governmental level and discuss how this information can be used at each governmental level. Also included will be a discussion of the community or county engagement process, which provides the community or county leaders a format to assess health needs and gather support and input. From this process, medical services are often expanded or added and in turn, jobs are created. In summary, the provision of medical services in rural areas is critical. The economic impact is huge. Thus, if community leaders desire the provision of health services can be an economic engine. This paper shows how health research and extension professionals can assist rural leaders in enhancing the provision of health services in rural communities.
El presente artículo aborda el tema de la política pública de ciudades rurales sustentables implan-tada en el Estado de Chiapas, aplicada a dos comunidades indígenas: Nuevo San Juan Grijalva y Santiago El Pinar, en los años de 2007 al 2010, periodo importante porque modifica dos zonas indígenas. El objetivo trabajo es explicar la transcendía de la política pública de ciudades rurales, para ello el análisis se divide en cinco apartados: el primero, se refiere a la situación en la que se en-cuentran los pueblos indígenas en el Estado de Chiapas, México. En el segundo, se aborda el estado de vulnerabilidad de los pueblos originarios, lo cual implica la realización de una política pública que concentre a la población en determinados áreas para poder brindar los servicios básicos. En el tercer punto, se hace referencia a la importancia de dicha política. En cuarto lugar, se retoma al poblado de Nuevo San Juan de Grijalva, el cual desapareció por completo a causa de un "desastre natural", que fue el detonante para la implantación de la política pública de ciudades rurales sus-tentables. Por último, se analiza el caso de Santiago El Pinar, poblado que carecía de los servicios públicos elementales hasta el año 2010, pero en dicho tiempo se trabajó para transformarlo a una ciudad rural sustentable. El término de ciudad rural sustentable contrae polémica desde su plantea-miento, sobre todo cuando hablando de comunidades indígenas. Bajo este modelo se otorgan los servicios públicos sin darles oportunidad a los indígenas de asimilar este cambio tan radical. Dicha política es un hito en la solución de los problemas sociales, económicos, políticos y culturales de los pueblos indígenas del estado, pero es necesario incluir a las comunidades en su planeación y considerar sus aspectos culturales.ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the issue of public policy in the creation of sustainable rural cities (SRCs) in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. This policy is examined in the context of two indigenous commu-nities; Nuevo San Juan Grijalva and Santiago El Pinar from 2007 to 2010, a time of substantial change in both indigenous areas. The aim of this paper is to explain the consequences of public policy on rural cities, to do this, the analysis is divided into five sections; the first section describes conditions in indigenous commu-nities in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The second details economic vulnerability in indigenous communities; which requires a centralization of rural population policy in order to provide basic services. The next section examines the importance of the implementation of the SRC project. The fourth section describes the small town of Nuevo San Juan de Grijalva, which was destroyed by a natural disaster. The damage caused by the natural disaster acted as a catalyst for the SRC public policy implementation. The final section describes the case of Santiago El Pinar, a village that lacked even the most basic services but by the year 2010 had been transformed into a sus-tainable rural city. Among the issues raised are the following: the term sustainable rural city has been controversial since its introduction, particularly in connection with indigenous communities. Under the SRC model basic services are provided without allowing indigenous communities an opportunity to adapt to such radical change. The aforementioned policy is a landmark in solving the socio-economic, political and cultural issues that the indigenous communities in Chiapas face. However, it is essential to empower these communities by including them in the planning process and to take indigenous cultures into account.
