Suchergebnisse

Both disability and poverty have been the subject of extensive research, although relatively few Australian studies have examined the relationship between them. Most poverty studies make no allowance for the higher needs (and costs) associated with disability, while few disability studies have focused on poverty among the disabled. Yet disability often leads to greater need and this will increase the risk of poverty. This paper uses data from the 1998–99 Household Expenditure Survey to estimate the costs of disability using a 'standard of living' approach and uses these estimates to compare poverty rates among those with and without disability. The results imply that where there is an adult in the household with a disability, poverty rates are higher even before allowing for the extra costs of disability. After account is taken of the costs of disability, estimated poverty rates rise substantially where there is a disability present. Taking account of costs that vary with the severity of the restriction associated with the disability is also shown to make a large difference to comparisons derived from conventional poverty research.

A number of studies have been done in the past to measure the
level of poverty in Pakistan. These studies include Naseem (1973, 1977),
Alauddin (1975), Mujahid (1979), Irfan and Amjad (1983), Kruijk and
Leeuwen (1985) and Cheema (1985). The time periods covered by these
studies are not the same. Moreover, in some cases the methodologies and
results of these studies also differ. The present study covers the most
recent data made available in the Household Income and Expenditure
Survey (HIES) for 1984-85. Some selected previous Survey years have also
been included in the study to see changes in poverty levels over time.
The incidence of poverty is measured on the basis of both households and
population. To determine the location of the poor, poverty levels have
been estimated for rural and urban areas of the country.

The present paper aims to analyze the spatial variations in the incidence of poverty and level of deprivation in India. The causal relationship between poverty rate (dependent variable) and twenty five selected socio-economic variables (independent variables) of deprivation has been also taken into account. The state/union territory has been taken as the smallest unit of study. The entire research work is based on secondary sources of data. The study reveals that the level of poverty is low in northern and southern states of India, and it is high in central-eastern states extending from the state of Maharashtra in the west to the state of Bihar in the east. The level of deprivation is high in the states extending from Rajasthan in the west to Orissa in the east, medium level in the southern, north-western and north-eastern states and it is low in the northern and southern most states of India.