Suchergebnisse

Explores the importance of the institutional framework -- ie, the political institutions & rules of the state -- in determining the success of political parties in attaining & exercising power. Ways that party preferences are constrained by political institutions that shape the costs & benefits of certain strategic options &, thus, the outcome of party competitions are examined, considering the impacts of institutional setting (eg, state structure, parliamentary vs semipresidental systems, bureaucracy, courts, direct democracy); direct state regulation (via party law, funding, & electoral mandates); & indirect state regulation (eg, mass media & interest group regulations). Tables, Figures. K. Hyatt Stewart

The general objective of this study is to present the existing institutional framework of brownfield regeneration in Serbia. However, as the research proceeds on the assumption that successful brownfield regeneration requires the active cooperation of different sectors and disciplines, there are several specific research objectives. Firstly, it is important to elucidate the nature of cooperation between the sectors at the same level, but also between different levels of spatial development. Furthermore, it is interesting to examine if there are specific institutions solely responsible for brownfield regeneration. Thus, the focus of the analysis will be directed to the institutional representatives (at different levels of spatial development) − their roles, responsibilities and limitations regarding the problem of brownfield regeneration. Also, documents relating to brownfield regeneration − laws, strategies, plans, concepts and spatial development programmes will be clarified. Proposed analytical strategy will shed light on the degree of integration between different sectors, disciplines and institutions within the same organisational level, tending to determine the extent of the socalled horizontal collaboration. In addition, the analysis elucidates the vertical collaboration between relevant institutions at national, regional and local level. Furthermore, it provides insight into the position of expert agencies within a certain institutional context. Finally, the analysis clarifies the character (formal or informal) of institutional collaboration. Such an extensive analysis of existing institutional framework of brownfield regeneration in Serbia provides guidelines for its improvement in the context of smarth urban growth.

This paper discusses an institutional framework and inter‐governmental relationships pertaining to crisis management in Japan. While the current law shifts most responsibility to local governments, the compartmentalized and fragmented nature of the central government and a lack of viable organization therein to oversee crisis management, hinder decisive and responsive action. Crisis management is inherently local in nature and numerous examples from the local level highlight this nature of crisis management.Three features of crisis management are identified: the decentralized nature of centralized government and centralized leadership in local government, fused inter‐governmental relationship and lack of political authority.

Institutional Frameworks and Labor Market Performance produces an in-depth analysis of the functioning of various labor market institutions in both the USA and Germany. Particular emphasis is given to the substantial differences between the US and Germany in the ways important areas are regulated. The authors show that the impact of institutions on economic performance is ambivalent. They argue that in this sense, the decision is not one between regulation and deregulation but rather one between different degrees and forms of regulation.