Links-rechts und darüber hinaus – eine Neuvermessung der deutschen Parteienlandschaft mit einem auf die MARPOR/CMP-Daten angewandten IRT-Modell
In: Parteien unter Wettbewerbsdruck, S. 57-88
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In: Parteien unter Wettbewerbsdruck, S. 57-88
In: Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary journal, Band 20, Heft 2, S. 208-225
ISSN: 1532-8007
In: Behaviormetrika, Band 46, Heft 2, S. 401-434
ISSN: 1349-6964
In: Twin research and human genetics: the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies (ISTS) and the Human Genetics Society of Australasia, Band 20, Heft 6, S. 511-520
ISSN: 1839-2628
Genotype by environment interaction in behavioral traits may be assessed by estimating the proportion of variance that is explained by genetic and environmental influencesconditionalon a measured moderating variable, such as a known environmental exposure. Behavioral traits of interest are often measured by questionnaires and analyzed as sum scores on the items. However, statistical results on genotype by environment interaction based on sum scores can be biased due to the properties of a scale. This article presents a method that makes it possible to analyze the actually observed (phenotypic) item data rather than a sum score by simultaneously estimating the genetic model and an item response theory (IRT) model. In the proposed model, the estimation of genotype by environment interaction is based on an alternative parametrization that is uniquely identified and therefore to be preferred over standard parametrizations. A simulation study shows good performance of our method compared to analyzing sum scores in terms of bias. Next, we analyzed data of 2,110 12-year-old Dutch twin pairs on mathematical ability. Genetic models were evaluated and genetic and environmental variance components estimated as a function of a family's socio-economic status (SES). Results suggested that common environmental influences are less important in creating individual differences in mathematical ability in families with a high SES than in creating individual differences in mathematical ability in twin pairs with a low or average SES.
In: International journal of testing: IJT ; official journal of the International Test Commission, Band 1, Heft 3, S. 339-342
ISSN: 1532-7574
In: International journal of testing: IJT ; official journal of the International Test Commission, Band 1, Heft 3-4, S. 339-342
ISSN: 1532-7574
In: Australasian marketing journal: AMJ ; official journal of the Australia-New Zealand Marketing Academy (ANZMAC), Band 22, Heft 2, S. 93-102
In: International journal of testing: IJT ; official journal of the International Test Commission, Band 5, Heft 1, S. 63-73
ISSN: 1532-7574
In: International journal of testing: IJT ; official journal of the International Test Commission, Band 20, Heft 2, S. 169-186
ISSN: 1532-7574
In: Behaviormetrika, Band 50, Heft 1, S. 121-154
ISSN: 1349-6964
AbstractWhen the response pattern in a test item deviates from the deterministic pattern, the percentage of correct answers (p) is shown to be a biased estimator for the latent item difficulty (π). This is specifically true with the items of medium item difficulty. Four elements of impurities in p are formalized in the binary settings and four new estimators of π are proposed and studied. Algebraic reasons and a simulation suggest that, except the case of deterministic item discrimination, the real item difficulty is almost always more extreme than what p indicates. This characteristic of p to be biased toward a medium-leveled item difficulty has a strict consequence to item response theory (IRT) and Rasch modeling. Because the classical estimator of item difficulty p is a biased estimator of the latent difficulty level, the item parameters A and B and the person parameter θ within IRT modeling are, consequently, biased estimators of item discrimination and item difficulty as well as ability levels of the test takers.
In: Science & global security: the technical basis for arms control and environmental policy initiatives, Band 8, Heft 3, S. 315-328
ISSN: 0892-9882, 1048-7042
In: Studies in educational evaluation, Band 63, S. 17-25
ISSN: 0191-491X
SSRN
In: International journal of testing: IJT ; official journal of the International Test Commission, Band 13, Heft 3, S. 201-222
ISSN: 1532-7574
In: International journal of testing: IJT ; official journal of the International Test Commission, Band 19, Heft 3, S. 248-269
ISSN: 1532-7574