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La neutralitat oficial adoptada per l'Estat espanyol durant la Primera Guerra Mundial no va impedir que un nombre notable d'espanyols s'enrolessin en les files de la Legió Estrangera francesa per lluitar per la causa aliada. Tanmateix, una part destacable d'aquests voluntaris espanyols van apostar en algun moment del conflicte per ser considerats també com a voluntaris catalans. L'objectiu aparent d'aquesta doble identitat tenia per objecte que la seva lluita fos interpretada com una via per obtenir l'alliberament nacional de Catalunya. No obstant, els aliadòfils del conjunt d'Espanya no van renunciar a potenciar la marca "voluntaris espanyols" com a aportació a una reforma del sistema de la Restauració amb el patrocini dels països aliats. Així, l'article aposta per presentar el fenomen dels "voluntaris espanyols" com un moviment complex on un nombre important de legionaris procedents de diferents zones d'Espanya van compartir i van creuar identitats regionals i nacionals de forma promíscua. De vegades s'era espanyol i de vegades hom es definia com estrictament català, o de vegades les dues coses, en funció de l'interès polític o personal del voluntari o dels interessos partidistes dels aliadòfils catalans o espanyols. ; La neutralidad oficial adoptada por el estado español durante la Primera Guerra Mundial no impidió que un número notable de españoles se enrolasen en las filas de la Legión Extranjera francesa para luchar por la causa aliada. Sin embargo, una parte destacable de estos voluntarios españoles apostaron en algún momento del conflicto por ser considerados también como voluntarios catalanes. El objetivo aparente de esta doble identidad tenía por objeto que su lucha fuese interpretada como una vía para obtener la liberación nacional de Cataluña. Sin embargo, los aliadófilos del conjunto de España no renunciaron a potenciar la marca "voluntarios españoles" como aportación a una reforma del sistema de la Restauración con el patrocinio de los países aliados. Así, el artículo apuesta por presentar el fenómeno de los "voluntarios españoles" como un movimiento complejo en el que un número importante de legionarios procedentes de diferentes zonas de España compartieron y cruzaron identidades regionales y nacionales de forma promiscua. A veces se era español y a veces uno se definía estrictamente catalán, o a veces las dos cosas en función del interés político o personal del voluntario o de los intereses partidistas de los aliadófilos catalanes o españoles. ; The Spanish government's official neutrality adopted by the Spanish state during World War I did not prevent did was no impediment to a significant number of young Spaniards to enroll in the ranks of the French Foreign Legion in order to fight for the Allied cause. However, a substantial number notable part of these Spanish volunteers presented themselves as stationed Catalan volunteers at some stage during point in the conflict also be considered Catalan volunteers. The apparent aim of this double identification ty allowed interpreting their struggle was intended that their struggle would be interpreted as a fight for Catalonia's a path to national liberation in Catalonia. Nevertheless, Spanish pro-Allied intellectuals did pro allies not resigned to label all of them as boost the brand «"Spanish volunteers»" as a contribution to the reform of the Spanish state reform sponsored by the Allies. Thus, article presenting the phenomenon of «"Spanish volunteers»" as a tricky political activity complex movement in which a significant number of Spanish legionnaires and crossed their national and regional identities shared promiscuously. Thus, volunteers could sometimes present themselves as it was Spaniards or and sometimes one was strictly Catalans, and or sometimes both, Spaniards and Catalans, according to their in terms of political or personal volunteer or partisan interests. But they could also be presented in one way or another depending on the interest of the of Catalan and Spanish al pro-Allied intelligentsia interests.

People live in cultural landscapes which they create and consistently change. In order to understand the entire process involved, it is essential to consider the findings about the historical development of the region and its people for recent regional and future-oriented planning. The self-conception and self-awareness of a regional population is based on its culturally shaped surroundings. For example, a castle, a monastery, a medieval city ensemble or even prehistorical discoveries can become the central point of regional self-conception though the building may have lost its former significance a long time ago.In this essay the context between the cities of a region around 1500 and the identity of the people who live there will be discussed. The region is called Franconia, now a part of Northern Bavaria and Northeast Baden-Württemberg. Up to 1806 it never was under a united leadership: Kings, Bishops, Princes, Knights and Imperial Cities had their separate domains. This kind of plurality created a huge diversity in the cultural landscape – up to present days.The regional historian can contribute to this whole process of regionalization and identification with his/her research. He/She is part of a team consisting of archaelogists, geographers, political scientists, economists and social scientists. It is not his/her goal to continue with an archaic and outdated local historical approach but rather to implement his/her entire range of methodologies concentrated on a small region. The regional historian's guideline is: "Within boundaries boundless opportunities." This approach can give a detailed description of the historical development of a certain region and its population over centuries. With the diminishing focus on national history, the regional historian is able to pursue a 'histoire totale' for a certain region. By using this methodological approach, the historian offers a template of historical research which could be used by not only other European regions.

Der Artikel befasst sich mit dem Design einer Studie über junge Gymnasiallehrer und -lehrerinnen in Spanien. Die Studie untersucht die berufliche Identitätskrise, mit der die Lehrer(innen) als Folge einer Bildungsreform, die ihre Arbeitsumgebung betraf, konfrontiert waren. Die biographisch-narrative Herangehensweise dient als theoretisches Gerüst für die Darstellung der erzählten Lebensgeschichten. Es wurden insgesamt zehn biographische Interviews geführt. Jedes einzelne Interview wurde zunächst unter Verwendung vertikaler und diachroner Methoden analysiert, dann folgte eine inhaltsanalytische Untersuchung in einer transversalen (horizontalen bzw. synchronen) Perspektive entlang der Kategorien, die als Identitätskomponenten bestimmt worden waren. Als Ergebnis der transversalen Analyse entstand ein Leitfaden, der im Weiteren als Basis für Gruppendiskussionen verwendet wurde. Insoweit konnten die ideographischen und personalen Dimensionen der Interviews im Verlauf des Forschungsprozesses mittels der sequentiellen Triangulation (MORSE, 1991) durch die Gruppenperspektive erweitert und verdichtet werden. Bei Letzerer handelte es sich – STAKEs Klassifikation entsprechend – um eine kollektive Fallstudie mit acht Fokusgruppen.