Suchergebnisse

In der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung über Ressourcenkonflikte besteht weitgehend
Einigkeit darüber, dass Ressourcenverknappung stets sozial vermittelt ist und nur durch
diese Vermittlung konfliktrelevant wird. Was unter dieser sozialen Vermittlung zu verstehen
ist, hängt jedoch vom theoretisch-ontologischen Standpunkt ab. Wir argumentieren, dass
Konflikte um Land Verteilungskonflikte um eine knappe Ressource darstellen, die jedoch
nicht mit Blick auf die Materialität der Ressource allein, sondern eingebunden in die jeweiligen
sozialen Verhältnisse zu erklären sind. Am Beispiel von Landkonflikten im Südwesten
Burkina Fasos illustrieren wir, wie in solchen Konflikten soziale Kategorien der Zugehörigkeit
verhandelt werden und dass diese Kategorien mit dem Zugang zu und der Kontrolle über
Land wechselseitig konstitutiv vermittelt sind.

"In this paper we propose that Tajfel's (1979) social identity theory (SIT) and self-categorization theory (SCT, Turner, Brown & Tajfel, 1987) is a relevant and helpful theoretical groundwork to explain selective exposure to media content in general and to entertainment media in particular. It is hypothesized that gender and national identity have a significant effect on selective exposure to entertainment series when being salient. Two international quasi-experimental studies have been conducted, the first study in the U.S. and Germany (N = 419) and the second in Great Britain and Germany (N = 154). As expected, participants rated series that feature protagonists of their own sex higher with regard to entertainment and intention to watch than those that featured protagonists of the opposite sex. However, national identity did not have the effects expected. Participants from all three countries gave similar ratings to series produced in their home-country as those produced abroad. The use of SIT is discussed in terms of what processes of the theory are of particular importance to explain media related behavior and how to empirically apply the theory in media effects research to make it work. A two-process model of SIT in media effects research is suggested: the process of social comparison is amended with a much simpler process of searching for similarities."[author´s abstract]

Wissenschaftliche Forschung hat immer einen universalistischen und globalen Anspruch. Gleichzeitig ist sie geprägt durch nationale akademische Kulturen. Der Band beleuchtet aus der Sicht von Wissenschaftsforschung und Wissenssoziologie sowie auf der Grundlage einer Sozialgeschichte der Universitäten die Spannungen und Brüche, die daraus resultieren. Er zeigt aber auch die großen Chancen einer transnationalen akademischen Forschung. - The university system, both in America and abroad, has always claimed a universal significance for its research and educational models. At the same time, many universities, particularly in Europe, have also claimed another role - as custodian of national culture. "Transnational Intellectual Networks" explores this apparent contradiction and its resulting intellectual tensions with illuminating essays that span the nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century nationalization movements in Europe through the postwar era.

German Philadelphia : a social portrait -- Two neighborhoods -- The gendered crisis of the Vereinswesen -- Destinations : the ambiguous lure of mass commercial and consumer culture -- Destinations : fractured whiteness, "American" identity, and the "Old stock" opening -- Resisting assimilation : middle-class and working-class approaches -- European war and ethnic mobilization -- Intervention, the anti-German panic, and the fall of public Germanness -- An ethnicity subdued -- Changing neighborhoods-- Middle-class Germans : American identity and the "stock" of "our forefathers" -- Workers and Catholics : toward the "white ethnic" -- Pluralism, nationalism, race, and the fate of German America.