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"Thomas Piketty's bestselling Capital in the Twenty-First Century galvanized global debate about inequality. In this audacious follow-up, Piketty challenges us to revolutionize how we think about politics, ideology, and history. He exposes the ideas that have sustained inequality for the past millennium, reveals why the shallow politics of right and left are failing us today, and outlines the structure of a fairer economic system. Our economy, Piketty observes, is not a natural fact. Markets, profits, and capital are all historical constructs that depend on choices. Piketty explores the material and ideological interactions of conflicting social groups that have given us slavery, serfdom, colonialism, communism, and hypercapitalism, shaping the lives of billions. He concludes that the great driver of human progress over the centuries has been the struggle for equality and education and not, as often argued, the assertion of property rights or the pursuit of stability. The new era of extreme inequality that has derailed that progress since the 1980s, he shows, is partly a reaction against communism, but it is also the fruit of ignorance, intellectual specialization, and our drift toward the dead-end politics of identity. Once we understand this, we can begin to envision a more balanced approach to economics and politics. Piketty argues for a new "participatory" socialism, a system founded on an ideology of equality, social property, education, and the sharing of knowledge and power"--

Paul Bushkovitch, Urban ideology in medieval Novgorod: an iconographic approach.
This article is an attempt to define the ideology of the merchant class of medieval Novgorod by using the evidence of a fourteenth-century icon. It concentrates on the cult of St. Paraskeva Piatnitsa and other saints depicted on the same icon. The vitae of these saints show that urban ideology developed in two stages. In the twelfth century the merchant class began to have its own peculiar cults and thus express its separateness, but at the same time it found its ideals in the rulers of Novgorod society — boyars and clerics. In the fourteenth century social unrest and the appearance of heresy provoked a response of conservatism.

Vladimir Plotkin, Dual models, totalizing ideology and Soviet ethnography.
Conceptual differences between Western and Soviet social sciences go far deeper than disagreement on any formal social theory. They arc rooted in two separate intellectual traditions. From the medieval times, Russian culture has been marked by the persistence of totalizing and monistic forms of ideology, and a strong polarity of values (dualism). The paper explores the impact of this ideology on Russian/Soviet Marxism, as well as on the character of social theory in Soviet ethnography.
It suggests that the current debate between the fundamentalists and the innovators will remain inconclusive without the critical reevaluation of the Russian intellectual tradition.

International audience ; [In the early 1990s, the world is experiencing a process of metropolization I then defined as "the exercise of centripetal forces leading to the con-centration of people and activities." However, over the decades, proces-sus is extremely uneven. In reviewing various territorial laws passed in France in recent years, one may wonder if national leaders do not confuse the process with an "ideology of metropolisation."] ; Au début des années 1990, le monde connaît un processus de métropolisation que j'ai alors défini comme « l'exercice de forces centripètes conduisant à la con-centration des hommes et des activités ». Toutefois, au fil des décennies, ce proces-sus s'avère extrêmement inégal. À l'examen de différentes lois territoriales votées en France ces dernières années, on peut se demander si les responsables nationaux ne confondent pas le processus avec une « idéologie de la métropolisation ».

International audience ; [In the early 1990s, the world is experiencing a process of metropolization I then defined as "the exercise of centripetal forces leading to the con-centration of people and activities." However, over the decades, proces-sus is extremely uneven. In reviewing various territorial laws passed in France in recent years, one may wonder if national leaders do not confuse the process with an "ideology of metropolisation."] ; Au début des années 1990, le monde connaît un processus de métropolisation que j'ai alors défini comme « l'exercice de forces centripètes conduisant à la con-centration des hommes et des activités ». Toutefois, au fil des décennies, ce proces-sus s'avère extrêmement inégal. À l'examen de différentes lois territoriales votées en France ces dernières années, on peut se demander si les responsables nationaux ne confondent pas le processus avec une « idéologie de la métropolisation ».

Fawzy, Didar: Les relations Nord-Sud à l'époque de la Turkiya. - S. 1-12. Dubois, Colette: Morphologies de Khartoum: conflits d'identité (1820-début de XXe siècle). - S. 13-32. Johnson, Douglas H.: Prophetic visions of the Sudanese Civil War. - S. 33-43. James, Wendy: The upper Blue Nile: re-reading a nineteenth-century text. - S. 45-70. De Waal, Alex: Some comments on militias in contemporary Sudan. - S. 71-83. Prunier, Gérard: Ecologie, structures ethniques et conflits politiques au Dar Fur. - S. 85-103. Shahi, Ahmed Al-: The distinctiveness of the Shaygiya tribe of northern Sudan: complexity and continuity. - S. 107-119. Delmet, Christian: Société dominante et cultures locales: violence et intégration au Dar Funj. - S. 121-141. Baumann, Gerd: Les dynamiques locales face à l'Etat soudanais: études récentes sur les monts Nuba. - S. 143-151. Miller, C.: Le changement linguistique à Juba et à Khartoum. - S. 153-180. Marchal, Roland: Remarques sur le développement de l'Eglise catholique et la "vernacularisation" du christianisme au Soudan. - S. 181-194. Gresh, Alain: Vision régionale des dirigeants soudanais dans les années 80. - S. 197-204. Woodward, Peter: A "new Sudan"? - S. 205-215. Malwal, Bona: The Sudan: between unity in diversity and division. - S. 217-234. Kok, Peter Nyot: Conflict over laws in the Sudan: "from pluralism to monolithicism". - S. 235-252. Niblock, Tim: Islamic movements and Sudan's political coherence. - S. 253-268. Bleuchot, Hervé: Islam, droit pénal et politique: sur deux ouvrages de Sadiq al-Mahdi. - S. 269-285. Khayati, Mustapha: Introduction à la pensée de Mahmud Muhammad Taha, réformiste et martyr ("Les Frères Républicains" au Soudan). - S. 287-298

This article studies the idea of "World Government" as envisioned in aseries of essays published by Bertrand Russell in the period of the Cold War. It drawsupon the theoretical categories introduced by Karl Mannheim in Ideology and Utopia(1936) to account for the nature of the reconstruction schemes the author advances tospare human society a possible apocalyptic nuclear confrontation. The study hasshown that Russell's liberal outlook is utopian insofar as it has shown advancedpositions regarding self-determination, the dissemination of progress and cooperationtoward the reconstruction of a peaceful and prosperous world. However, given thetechnological abyss separating the industrial West in the 1950s from the rest, an open"World State" would be another form of imperialism in disguise. The risk involved isthat this "global utopia" whose rulers monopolize military, legislative as well aseconomic power, would turn into an institutional and ideological instrument ofcontrol in the hands of the technologically powerful few.