Suchergebnisse

Undocumented immigrants face diverse challenged when pursuing postsecondary education. The imposition of out-of-state tuition fees effectively keeps them out of college in most of the United States. This report provides a repository of financial resources for undocumented students. ; Immigrants Rising

Intro -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Constructing Immigrant Identity -- Chapter 2. Roots and Motivations -- Chapter 3. The Rise of Anti-Immigrant Times -- Chapter 4. Worlds of Work -- Chapter 5. Dreams and Disappointments -- Chapter 6. Transnational Options -- Chapter 7. Verbalizing Identity -- Chapter 8. Visualizing Identity -- Chapter 9. Identity, Integration, and the Future -- Appendix A: Sampling, Interviewing, Coding, and Data Analysis -- Appendix B: Information Sheet Presented to Potential Respondents -- Appendix C: Interview Guide: First Generation -- Appendix D: Interview Guide: Second Generation -- References -- Index.

Austria has low levels of labour migration from non-EU/EFTA countries. At the same time, intra-EU free mobility has grown significantly and since 2011, overall migration for employment is above the OECD average. It recently reformed its labour migration system, making it more ready to accept labour migrants where they are needed, especially in medium-skilled occupations in which there were limited admission possibilities previously. This publication analyses the reform and the Austrian labour migration management system in international comparison

Since the 1990s, immigrant settlement has expanded beyond gateway cities and transformed the social fabric of a growing number of American cities. In the process, it has raised new questions for urban and migration scholars. This article argues that immigration to new destinations provides an opportunity to sharpen understandings of the relationship between immigration and the urban by exploring it under new conditions. Through a discussion of immigrant settlement in Nashville, Tennessee, it identifies an overlooked precursor to immigrant incorporation—how cities see, or do not see, immigrants within the structure of local government. If immigrants are not institutionally visible to government or nongovernmental organizations, immigrant abilities to make claims to or on the city as urban residents are diminished. Through the combination of trends toward neighborhood-based urban governance and neoliberal streamlining across American cities, immigrants can become institutionally hard to find and, thus, plan for in the city.

This paper is an analysis of the determinants of self‐reported health status of immigrants, with a particular focus on the type of visa used to gain admission. The empirical analysis uses the three waves of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia (panel I). Immigrant health is greater for immigrants who are younger, more educated, male, more proficient in English, and living outside an immigrant ethnic enclave. Immigrant health is poorest for refugees and best for independent (economic) migrants, and declines with duration in the destination. Alternative hypotheses for the decline in immigrant health with duration are explored (JEL I12, J15, J61, F22).

Intro -- Table of Contents -- Series Introduction -- Chapter One: The Melting Pot -- Chapter Two: Immigration Today -- Chapter Three: The Salad Bowl -- Chapter Four: Challenges for Immigrant Families -- Further Reading -- Series Glossary -- Index -- About the Author -- Photo Credits.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Ackowledgments -- Chapter 1 -- An Overview of Immigration -- Abstract -- Who Is an 'Immigrant'? -- Public Perception of Immigrants -- Benefits and Challenges of Immigration -- Childhood and Immigration: An Overview -- Methods and Objectives -- Chapter 2 -- Historical and Legal Background -- Abstract -- History of Immigration Law -- 20th Century -- 21st Century -- Legal Rights of Immigrant Children -- Settled Status -- Irregular Status -- Chapter 3 -- Child Development -- Abstract -- Areas of Development -- Physical Development -- Cognitive Development -- Social and Emotional Development -- The Child's Environment -- Chapter 4 -- Health of Immigrant Children -- Abstract -- Prenatal Phase -- Childhood -- Illegal Migrants -- Refugees and Unaccompanied Children -- Adolescence -- Chapter 5 -- Issues Faced in the Family -- Abstract -- Attachment -- Environmental Stressors -- Domestic Abuse -- Female Genital Mutilation -- Chapter 6 -- Issues Faced at School -- Abstract -- Racial Discrimination in School -- Unintended Racism -- Personally-Mediated Racism -- Internalized Racism -- Institutional Racism -- The Concept of "White Ignorance" -- Critical Race Theory -- Acts of Racial Discrimination -- Chapter 7 -- Adaptation Process and Acculturation -- Abstract -- Adaptation Process -- Acculturation -- Cultural Identity -- Cultural Dissonance -- Acculturation Gap -- Influence of Acculturation on Parent-Child Relationship -- Influence of Acculturation on Academic Performance -- Chapter 8 -- Recommendations and Possible Challenges -- Abstract -- Microsystem -- Individual Level -- Increase Children's Resilience -- Improve Children's Health Outcomes -- Familial Level -- Support Family Cohesion -- Support the Child within the Family -- Community Level -- School as the Link between Immigrant and Mainstream Culture.

Intro -- table of contents -- copyright page -- The Changing Face of the United States, by Marian L. Smith -- The Changing Face of Canada, by Peter A. Hammerschmidt -- 1. Mexican Americans -- 2. The Struggle to Provide a Living -- 3. Immigration to the North -- 4. Making a New Home -- 5. Choosing Between the Old and the New -- 6. Problems Facing Mexican Immigrants -- 7. Outlook for the Mexican American Community -- Famous Mexican Americans -- Series Glossary of Key Terms -- Further Reading -- Internet Resources -- Index -- Contributors -- Untitled -- Blank Page.

Intro -- Contents -- Editor's Introduction -- Author Biography -- Ethnic/Immigrant Associations and Minorities'/Immigrants' Voluntary Participation -- Abstract -- Keywords -- A Introduction -- B Definitions -- C Historical Background -- D Key Issues -- 1 Migration and Ethnic/Immigrant Associations -- a The Size and Scope of Ethnic/Immigrant Associations -- b Formation and Development of Ethnic/Immigrant Associations -- c Membership of Ethnic/Immigrant Associations -- d Financial Well-being of Ethnic/Immigrant Associations -- e The Roles of Ethnic/Immigrant Associations -- f Types of Ethnic/Immigrant Associations -- 2 Ethnic Mutual Aid Organizations -- 3 Ethnic Cultural Organizations -- 4 Ethnic-oriented Religious Organizations -- 5 Hometown Associations and Diaspora Participation -- 6 Minorities' and Immigrants' Voluntary Participation -- 7 Informal vs. Formal Volunteering -- 8 Ethnic/Immigrant Youths' Voluntary Participation -- E Conclusion -- F Usable Knowledge -- G Recent Trends and Needed Research -- H Bibliography

In the waning days of the Obama Administration, with Trump's promised immigration crackdown looming, over one hundred advocacy organizations joined forces to urge President Obama to permanently protect hundreds of thousands of immigrants from deportation by pardoning their breaches of civil immigration law. That pardon never materialized and, as expected, the Trump enforcement regime is sowing terror and devastation in immigrant communities nationwide. While it seems unfathomable that the current president would use his pardon power to mitigate even the most extreme applications of our nation's immigration laws, there is unfortunately no indication that the harshest aspects of the immigration laws are likely to be revised by the current political branches. Accordingly, future presidents will likely once again face the questions of how they may use prosecutorial discretion generally, and the pardon power specifically, to address the human toll of such laws. Since the founding, the pardon power has been used primarily to forgive individual criminal convictions. Thus the broad civil immigration pardon, which Obama declined to issue, would have raised novel questions regarding the appropriate boundaries the presidential pardon power. Resolution of those previously unexplored questions is necessary to help future presidents determine whether their pardon power can serve as a safety valve to alleviating the disproportionate penalties that our immigration laws have imposed on longtime members of our communities.This article explores the novel concept of a civil immigration pardon. Specifically, it closely examines the language and drafting history of the Pardon Clause, exhaustively reviews early and modern pardon practice and jurisprudence, and considers whether a president could, consistent with the Constitution, use that power to protect some of the largest categories of noncitizens currently at risk of deportation. Ultimately, it argues that that the president possesses the constitutional authority to categorically pardon broad classes of immigrants for civil violations of the immigration laws and to thereby provide durable and permanent protections against deportation. As millions of noncitizens and their families face a historically unprecedented wave of deportations and as traditional mechanisms for policymaking continue to fail, the immigration pardon offers an important tool for future presidents to forgive the civil offenses that result in some of the most unforgiving penalties in our nation's justice system.