Suchergebnisse

This article examines the political discourse on foreign-culture immigrants, that forms the agenda of the Danish government. The difficulties of integrating migrants increase with the influx of asylum seekers and family reunification, when the rate of their admission exceeds the rate of naturalisation (absorption) of diasporas, that Danes see as a threat to social cohesion. A "preventive" immigration policy has emerged, demonstrating significant restrictions that reduce the influx of refugees. The discourse of restrictive policy supported by the electorate determined the government's agenda based on agreements between the center-left Social Democratic Party, the center-right Liberal Party of Wenströ, and the far-right Danish National Party (DNP) with its anti-immigrant agenda. At the same time, the ruling parties, weakening the support of the extreme right-wing parties, "intercept" the provisions of the DNP programme.

Restrictions on the political agenda concern mainly foreign-culture immigrants: strict regulation of the admission of asylum seekers, granting a residence permit, family reunification, initial distribution to municipalities and resettlement of immigrant "ghettos". This is combined with the education of immigrants based on the values ​​of social cohesion, work for the welfare state, and the inclusion of immigrant children in educational institutions. The discourse also includes the issues of deportation of immigrants, including asylum seekers, who commit crimes, the detention of asylum seekers not in Denmark and the EU countries, but in third countries that the government intends to make special agreements with. Taking into account the difficulties of returning refugees to the countries of origin, even if life there has become safer, this option is considered the most optimum, and appropriate work is being carried out in this direction.

The EU leadership condemns such a policy, but in the conditions of the weakness of its immigration policy, legal collisions, as well as the weakening of the solidarity of the Union members, there is no political opportunity from the outside to forcibly adjust the Danish state policy. In other EU countries, Denmark's preventive restrictive policy can be perceived as a positive model for the reception and integration of refugees of other cultures. The Danish experience is also useful for Russia, where problems arise in working with foreign-culture diasporas. In addition, such restrictive policies are helping to strengthen mobilisation mechanisms to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Over the last few decades, immigrant adaptation issues have continued to bear relevance both in Russia and around the world. Those who relocated to new places of residence no longer attach themselves to one place (locale), nation (state-civil community), or culture, which, of course, takes a toll on their self-perception and adaptation – this creates new opportunity and new dimensions in terms of identity. This mostly applies to civil, ethnic and local identities, due to their complex nature and their proportion between the country of origin and host environment. Both foreign and Russian researchers recognize the importance of studying immigrant identities, which is regarded as one of the components of their capacity for integration. This article considers the proportion of Russian identity, identity of country of origin, as well as local and ethnic identities of Azerbaijani immigrants living in Russia. Their readiness to transform their self-consciousness, with it being a key indicator of their integration into Russian society, is analyzed. This study's empirical basis consists of data from an all-Russian survey among labor immigrants, conducted by the HSE and CEPRS in 19 Russian regions in 2017, as well as data from semi-structured interviews with Azerbaijani immigrants living in Moscow, which helped identify situational factors in their hierarchy of identities and understand the foundations on which their self-consciousness is based. Analyzed is how immigrants' identity structure is influenced by age and place of residence, education level, type of immigration and duration of stay in Russia. It was revealed, based on in-depth interviews, that Russian identity among Azerbaijanis is based around a state-civil foundation, while in the case of elder generations it is based around their having been a common nation in the past. A conclusion is drawn indicating a transnational direction in Azerbaijani immigrants' identity, with ethnic identity prevailing, which fits in favorably with a developing sense of connection to Russia both among circular and long-term migrants. In relation to comparable studies conducted in 2011, analyzed are the increasingly more positive assessments of the host Russian environment by Azerbaijani immigrants, which, in our estimation, creates a favorable foundation for developing a positive Russian identity among them.

The article analyzes the dynamics of perception of the migration situation by the host population in the Republic of Mordovia. Public opinion is being monitored on potential problems created by immigrants when moving to the region, on their impact on ethno-confessional relations and the social and criminogenic situation.
The empirical base included the results of annual regional sociological studies of the ethno-confessional and migration situation conducted in the period 2021–2023. The sociological survey was conducted in accordance with the Methodological Recommendations for Conducting Sociological Research in the subjects of the Russian Federation proposed by the Federal Agency for Nationalities of the Russian Federation (FADN of Russia). This methodology makes it possible to carry out sociological monitoring of key indicators of the state of ethno-confessional relations and migration processes in the Russian Federation. The volume of the sample population was n = 700 people, the representative features were gender, age, place of residence and nationality. As a tool for collecting primary information, a quantitative method was used — an individual face-to-face interview at the respondent's place of residence using a paper questionnaire (PAPI).
It was revealed that in Mordovia, the attitude towards immigrants is gradually changing: the share of the population concerned about the problems of competition in the labor market, the deterioration of ethno-confessional relations, experiencing anxiety from the presence of migrant workers is decreasing. It is determined that the presence of immigrants in the region does not provoke an aggravation of ethnic conflicts and the idea of restricting/reducing the entry of migrants is becoming less popular.
The author concludes that the attitude of the receiving population to immigrants is determined by the level of socio-economic development of the region.

Some of the most significant consequences of transnational immigration is growing religious diversity and finding a way to manage it. This article considers the concept of pluralism, the differences in religious pluralism between America and Western Europe occurring due to immigration, as well as the roles and possibilities of immigrant religions in the process of adapting to the host society. The history of immigration, models of immigrant incorporation and adaption, patterns of religious pluralism and types of secularism strongly vary in the aforementioned regions. Religion in America is a positive resource and a basis for incorporating immigrants into American society, their recognition in public life, assimilation and construction of an American identity. By contrast, in Western Europe immigrant religions, particularly Islam, are perceived primarily as an obstacle to incorporating immigrants into European societies and their recognition in the public domain. This is explained mainly by the secularist mindset of European people in general, their uncertain "private" religiosity in the context of "Euro-secularity", the European concept of religion's place in the "private domain", as well as types of state-religion relations and institutional patterns of recognition which differ from America.

Israel gehört weltweit zu den Ländern mit der höchsten Qualifikationstruktur der Bevölkerung. Der Autor untersucht, welchen Anteil die Immigranten aus der UdSSR bzw. Rußland unter diesen Spezialisten stellen. Wie die Auswertung von entsprechenden Statistiken ergibt, ist der Anteil von hochqualifizierten Spezialisten unter diesen Immigranten überdurchschnittlich hoch. Diese These wird in dem Beitrag mit zahlreichen Zahlen belegt. Dennoch verläuft der Eingliederungsprozeß dieser Spezialisten in den israelischen Arbeitsmarkt zögerlicher als bei den Immigranten im Durchschnitt. (BIOst-Mrk)

Die innenpolitische Konstellation in Israel ist durch die Massenimmigration aus der früheren UdSSR und aus Rußland in entscheidender Weise beeinflußt worden. Sowohl die Mentalität der israelischen Gesellschaft als auch die bis dahin gängigen Integrationsmuster haben sich stark verändert. Dabei stellen die russischen Immigranten nach Meinung des Verfassers das einzig wirksame Bollwerk gegen die wachsende Tendenz zur theokratischen Dominanz in diesem Staate dar. Wirtschaftlich kommt den im Durchschnitt hochqualifizierten russischen Immigranten eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Außenwirtschaftlich müßte das einander komplementäre Potential Israels und Rußlands nach Meinung des Autors noch stärker genutzt werden, wobei auch hier den russischen Immigranten eine Schlüsselfuktion als "Brückenbauer" zukommt. Im Hinblick auf den politischen Konflikt im Nahen Osten gehört Rußland nach wie vor zu den dominierenden regionalen Kräften, ohne die eine Friedensregelung nicht möglich ist. (BIOst-Mrk)

Rußland hat derzeit eine fast unüberschaubar große Zahl von Immigranten zu verzeichnen, von denen allein ein Viertel aus Tadzikistan einreist; eine steigende Tendenz ist aus Inguschetien zu beobachten. Die Verfasserin formuliert die Hauptgründe für die Masseneinwanderung und gibt die Prognosen bzgl. der in der nächsten Zeit erwarteten Zuwanderer an. Im Anschluß daran erörtert sie die wesentlichen Probleme, die Rußland künftig durch die hohe Zahl der Immigranten entstehen, so etwa fehlende Mittel zu ihrer Unterstützung, mögliche Konfliktsituationen in den Ansiedlungsgebieten und vor allem die Lenkung der Migrantenströme in die Regionen. (BIOst-Rgl)

Der Autor - russischer Emigrant und gegenwärtig israelischer Minister für Industrie und Handel - legt in dem Beitrag dar, welch bedeutende Rolle die russischen Immigranten in Israel aufgrund ihrer Vertrautheit mit den russischen Verhältnissen und aufgrund ihrer Beziehungen zu russischen Handelspartnern bei der Entwicklung der Handelsbeziehungen zwischen Israel und Rußland bereits spielen und in Zukuft noch verstärkt wahrnehmen können. Er skizziert die gegenwärtigen Aktivitäten israelischer Spezialisten in wichtigen Sektoren der russischen Volkswirtschaft und verweist auf das Potential der hochqualifizierten russischen Ingenieure und Wissenschaftler, die nach Israel emigriert sind. Den russischen Immigranten in Israel kommt nach Meinung des Autors eine wichtige Brückenfunktion beim weiteren Ausbau der Beziehungen Israels zu Rußland und den Ländern der GUS zu. (BIOst-Mrk)

Mass-media discourse is a "mirror" of sorts, which reflects general opinions and allows for understanding society's mindset concerning migration issues. This article is devoted to analyzing the images created by Spanish mass-media regarding Latin American immigrants residing in Spain. Such a vision ultimately led to the emergence of an enduring perception of said immigrants by Spanish society from two main points of view – fear and pity. Columbians and Ecuadorians served as the prototypes for all Latin Americans who illegally entered Spain. The author reveals the reasons for the "divide" in Spanish mass-media's perception of Columbia and Columbians, who became synonymous with danger, as well as Ecuador and Ecuadorian immigrants, who are primarily associated with Испанские СМИ о латиноамериканских мигрантах: между страхом и жалостью 110 № 4, Том 10, 2019 compassion and pity. This article examines the main stages of Latin American migration to Spain at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, which were primarily comprised in succession by immigrants from Columbia, Argentina, Venezuela and Cuba. The author characterizes the most numerous of Spain's Latin American Diasporas. It is revealed that immigration is a collectively constructed social phenomenon. In turn the host society attributes certain characteristics to visitors ("others") which they in fact do not possess. Such artificially assigned qualities are the result of a so-called "symbolic structure", attributed to each "imaginary migrant". Latin American migration to Spain is a result of a multitude of factors lying on various levels. However, it is very uncommon for the news to carefully examine the regional and global aspects of this process. This article reveals the specific image of Latin American migrants which developed in Spain towards the beginning of the 21st century. The author attempts to define the hidden ideology supporting the vast majority of those negative Latin American migrant stereotypes broadcast by national mass-media.

Der Beitrag zeichnet das Profil der russischen Emigranten in den USA vor dem Hintergrund eines allgemeinen Überblicks über die dortige Migrationsbewegung. Die demographischen Charakteristika der russischen Immigranten, ihre Berufsstruktur, ihre Beschäftigung in verschiedenen Branchen, ihre sozio-ökonomische Lage und ihre geographische Verteilung auf verschiedene Siedlungsgebiete werden im einzelnen untersucht und die Ergebnisse in tabellarischer Form aufbereitet. (BIOst-Mrk)