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The neoliberal forms of imperial rule that had destroyed the hopes of the liberation movements were under attack. In order to counter the possibilities for a massive breakthrough at the popular level, the Western forces mounted an invasion of Libya using the mantra of humanitarianism to disrupt, militarily, political and economic life in Africa. Imperialism in Africa had matured from the cruder colonial forms and worked through the Bretton Woods institutions while unleashing divisive ideas on cultural and religious levels. Yet, Africa remains the space of the worst forms of exploitation of the capitalist system and has inspired continuity in anti-imperialism from colonial times to the present. Today, in the twenty-first century, the older forms of class mobilization of the national liberation era have exhausted their potential and there are new social forces that have arisen that are fighting for reparative justice, peace, life, health, and the repair of the natural environment. These movements, and their anti-imperialist ideas, had kept the flames of African freedom burning. Adapted from the source document.

J. A. Hobson (18581940) was an English economist and early socialist, whose writings on capitalism and industrialism influenced Lenin and Trotsky, and were highly regarded by John Maynard Keynes. Imperialism, published in 1902, is considered his most important work. Employed as a war correspondent by the Manchester Guardian to report on the Second Boer War, he became convinced that imperial expansion was driven by the desire to find new markets and investment opportunities, resulting in capitalistic exploitation of the colonies. He argued that imperial policies were a fundamental cause of international conflict, as greed led to aggression and militarism. While modern critics have seen weaknesses in his arguments, such as his failure to examine the development of the British Empire out of early private trading enterprises, Hobson was a very influential and prolific writer and social theorist, who helped shape British welfare policy in the twentieth century

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction - Imperialism: What's in a Name? -- Empire and Imperialism: Histories and Definitions -- Rethinking Imperialism: a Brief Summary -- 2 Early Capitalism and Mercantile Imperialism -- The Origins Debate: Core, Periphery and Global History -- The New Global History: a Critique -- Conclusion: Imperialism and Early Capitalist Development -- 3 Liberal Imperialism and Capitalist Expansion -- Classical Political Economy and the Critique of Empire -- Liberalism and the Case for Empire -- Free Trade Imperialism -- Conclusion: Advanced or Backward British Imperialism? -- 4 Classical Imperialism, 1882-1945 -- Classical Theories of Imperialism -- Liberal Imperialism Revisited -- Assessing Classical and Liberal Theories of Imperialism -- Conclusion -- 5 The Cold War, Post-War Boom and New Theories of Imperialism -- The US State and the Post-War Liberal International Order -- The Cold War, Military Imperialism and the Third World -- Theories of Imperialism after 1945 -- Conclusion: Imperialism and International Relations, 1945-1989 -- 6 Neo-liberalism, Globalization and Geo-Politics in the Post-Cold War World -- From Bretton Woods to Neo-Liberalism -- Theorizing Restructuring, Hegemony and Globalization -- State Theory Revisited -- Post-Cold War Geo-Politics: Lenin and Kautsky Revisited -- Conclusion -- 7 The Political Economy of Neo-Liberal Imperialism -- The Globalization of Production: Capitalist Diffusion at Last? -- The Reality of Global Uneven Development -- Imperialism, Neo-Liberalism and Uneven and Combined Development -- Conclusion -- 8 Liberalism and 'Humanitarian Imperialism' -- The Rise of the Discourse of Humanitarian Intervention -- The Case against Liberal Imperialism -- Conclusion.

Discusses US foreign policy, militarism, and geopolitics, focusing on the Middle East and Iraq War, and international activism in opposition to US global hegemony; 14 articles. Based mostly on papers presented at a conference organized in honor of Harry Magdoff's 90th birthday, held in Burlington, Vermont, May 3, 2003. Contents: The new age of imperialism, by John Bellamy Foster; Confronting the empire, by Samir Amin; U.S. weakness and the struggle for hegemony, by Immanuel Wallerstein; U.S. hegemony today, by Peter Gowan; The new geopolitics, by Michael Klare; The global minotaur, by Joseph Halevi and Yanis Varoufakis; The two wings of the eagle, by William K. Tabb; The grid of history: cowboys and Indians, by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz; Can U.S. workers embrace anti-imperialism? by William Fletcher, Jr.; Notes on the antiwar movement, by Barbara Epstein; Prospects for anti-imperalism: coming to terms with our own bourgeoisie, by Sam Gindin; Construction of an enemy, by Eleanor Stein; Homeland imperialism: fear and resistance, by Bernardine Dohrin; The parameters of resistance, by Amiya Kumar Bagchi.

The United States, since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, has often been accused of exhibited a new imperialism or new militarism. However, the author argues that the United States has long had both imperialistic & militaristic designs on the rest of the world & that little actually changed with U.S. actions after 9/11. The most important change that he does see as having occurred is that the U.S. is more overt in its imperialistic actions & philosophy than it was before 9/11. A continuation of its current imperialism, & its current openness about this philosophy, will lead to "global barbarism or worse." However, while imperialism has long been the U.S. mode of action, the United States does not have to continue in this vein, for nothing in human history is inevitable. D. Knaff