Suchergebnisse

In this article the «extractive capitalism», the «extractive imperialism» and the «imperialism» are analyzed in order to clear out the confusion on the debate about neoextractivism caused by the interchangeable usage of these concepts. Urgent attention is required to reinforce the comprehension about the underlying class struggle in the extractive industries. The strating point is the counterpoint developed by Petras and Veltmeyer about the theorical and political issues of the state role in their review concerning the theory of neoextractivism. In order to understand their arguments is necessary to involve the three concepts. Their analysis about the relation between capitalism and imperialism is crucial to understand the extractive capitalism and the extractive imperialism. The argument is that the extractivism is the incarnation of a particular form of productive activity in the capitalist era that deepens the capitalism in the capitalist periphery. The extraction of natural resources is not a purely capitalist process or imperialist; the human beings have extracted their livelihood from the nature since the primitive communalism until the current capitalism. It is not the specific productive activity of extracting natural resources, that is capitalist or imperialist, since the capitalism, and by extension, the imperialism is associated with a variety of productive activities. The productive activity must have a place inside a capital-work salaried nexus in order to belong to a capitalist kind. Some of the first expositions about the definitions of this concepts are reviewed to help the activists to have a clear comprehension about the debate of the neoextractivism.

Publicado originalmente com o título "Imperialismo, tiranía, soviet", in Venezuela Libre, Havana, 1º de junho de 1925. Traduzido por Luiz Bernardo Pericás.
Recebido em 14-07-2019
Aprovado em 09-09-2019

O neoliberalismo é uma nova fase do capitalismo, que se impôs a partir do começo dos anos 1980. Considerando seus traços mais gerais nos países do Centro, como nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, destacam-se três características: uma dinâmica mais favorável da mudança tecnológica e da rentabilidade, a criação de rendas a favor das classes mais abastadas, e a redução da taxa de acumulação. O imperialismo na era neoliberal pode se caracterizar pela hegemonia dos Estados Unidos, que drenam fluxos enormes de renda do resto do mundo. Mas esse domínio é solapado pelos desequilíbrios externos crescentes do país, a expressão de uma onda extraordinária de consumo por parte das famílias.