Suchergebnisse

Abstract.  George Reisman misrepresents macroeconomists' estimation of national income. He fails to distinguish between intermediate goods and factors of production, and he does not correctly recognize macroeconomists' derivation of the net domestic or national product. His concept of gross national product is also grossly mistaken. This note offers a correction for his confusion.

We develop a framework for analyzing national income accounting using a revealed welfare approach that is sufficiently general to cover, e.g., both the standard discounted utilitarian and maximin criteria as special cases. We show that the basic welfare properties of comprehensive national income accounting, which were previously ascribed only to the discounted utilitarian case, in fact extend to this more general framework. In particular, it holds under a wide range of circumstances that real NNP growth (or equivalently, a positive value of net investments) indicates welfare improvement. We illustrate the applicability of our approach by considering resource allocation mechanisms in the Dasgupta-Heal-Solow model of capital accumulation and resource depletion.

Economic statistics are now such an ingrained feature of everyday political discourse that they have recently become ripe as topics of historical scrutiny. This study contributes to this scholarship by shifting attention from what has been a largely American-Anglo discussion to the innovations of prominent Australian statists in the colonial and early Federation periods. In contrast to recent approaches that have treated economic statistics as emerging during the twentieth century as a discrete body of knowledge distinct from nineteenth-century 'moral statistics', this history is approached as an exercise in 'accounting in history'. It highlights both patterns and discontinuities in governmental deliberations that facilitated statistical innovation, historicising and complicating the relationship between economics and statistics as domains of knowledge. By drawing attention to the tensions and overlaps of successive intellectual projects engaged by Australian government statisticians – described here in terms of transparency and control; the average man and colonial progress; the breadwinner and national wealth; the human unit and the social organism; and the consumer and 'the economy' – it develops new perspectives on why calculations of economic averages, indexes and national income emerged as devices of government. As major producers and consumers of contemporary economic statistics, such perspectives might provide fresh epistemological and interdisciplinary grounding for business and management scholars.

When studying the feasibility and justice of basic income, researchers usually assume that policymakers would be introducing the unconditional benefit to a closed economic entity. When contemplating the introduction of a universal policy, few researchers take into consideration the fact that citizens and foreigners migrate, and that this movement alters the size and skill structure of the population. This article addresses this oversight by analyzing how basic income schemes based on residence or citizenship may affect tax base, wages, and employment while incorporating migration incentives. The discussion is based upon neoclassical labor supply and migration theory and informed by the conjectured economic effects from a normative perspective. This research suggests that a basic income would create migration incentives that reduce the tax base, leading us to question this policy's feasibility. Moreover, the flow-on effects of migration call into question the justice of both residence-based and citizenship-based basic income schemes. Therefore, this article sheds light on how basic income's feasibility and justice relate to each other and identifies the benefits and further opportunities for interdisciplinary social policy research.

Whereas irrigation plays a crucial role in improving
agricultural productivity, it has resulted in waterlogging and salinity
problems in Pakistan due to both water seepage from canals and overdoses
of water encouraged by inappropriate water pricing practices.1 As many
as 2.2 million hectares of land forming 13 percent of the cultivated
area in Pakistan suffer from an acute problem of waterlogging and
salinity, i.e., water table is less than 5 feet from the normal surface
level. [See Government of Pakistan (1993)]. Despite the government's
effort to resolve the problem through an expansive network of public
tubewells under the salinity control and reclamation project (SCARP),
the problem seems to have worsened over time. The higher water doses may
increase the growth of output in the short run, but by degrading the
agricultural lands and increasing impurities of potable water, etc.,
they adversely affect the long-run growth. These adverse effects of the
inappropriate irrigation practices on agricultural productivity are
generally not accounted for in the national income accounting system.
Accordingly, there is a need to account for the forgone economic,
social, and environmental benefits. In this regard, the environmental
resource accounting provides a valuable information base for integrated
development planning and policy. The approach allows for segregation and
elaboration of all environment-related flows and stocks of traditional
accounts, linkage of physical accounts with monetary environmental
accounts and balance sheets, assessment of environmental costs and
benefits, accounting for the maintenance of tangible wealth, and
elaboration and measurement of the indicators of
environmentally-adjusted production and income.

'A very useful introduction to the techniques of social accounting' Bankers' Magazine.'Remarkable feat of compression and expositionit will surely remain for a long time the best summary of macro-accounting techniques' Accounting Research. This volume covers developments both in the scope and content of official economic statistics of national income and expenditure and in their use for short-term and long-term economic planning