Este artigo explora a contínua relevância de Freire para a educação e a ação cultural na Índia. Aborda as especificidades das contribuições de Freire, revendo as obras dos principais pedagogogos indianos, Tagore e Gandhi. Trata, ainda, do pensamento freiriano na conjuntura específica da política indiana, caracterizada pelo hipernacionalismo. A partir das experiências do autor com a práxis do teatro popular, o artigo discute os desafios da educação crítica na Índia contemporânea, no contexto de uma pandemia que escancarou a falta de acesso à educação e a exclusão digital. O artigo reforça a necessidade de compreensão do contexto e de uma abordagem esclarecida para uma educação que promova a tolerância como contraponto ao hipernacionalismo. ; This article explores Freire's continuing relevance to education and cultural action in India. It engages with the specificities of Freire's contributions reviewing the work of two key Indian pedagogists, Tagore and Gandhi. It deals with Freirean thought in the specific context of Indian politics characterised by hypernationalism. Drawing from the author's experiences with the praxis of popular theatre, the article deals with challenges posed by critical education in contemporary India, during a pandemic that has highlighted the lack of access to education and the digital divide. It reinforces the need of understanding context and of an enlightened approach to an education that fosters tolerance as a counter to hypernationalism.
O aumento na construção de projetos de infra-estrutura financiados pelo setor privado na Índia tem forçado os empreendedores a demandar cronogramas de projetos altamente comprimidos, devido ao risco político e à geração antecipada de receitas. Como resultado, muitos dos contratos são baseados no modelo EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction), contrato que permita ao contratante planejar e controlar as fases de EPC. A responsabilidade única pelas três fases tem facilitado o uso de abordagens inovadoras, tais como construção fast-track e engenharia simultânea, a fim de minimizar a duração do empreendimento. Como parte de uma pesquisa para melhorar os processos de projeto, o primeiro autor passou um ano como observador em dois empreendimentos realizados por uma construtora líder do mercado de EPC na Índia. Ambos os projetos necessitaram uma aceleração das fases de projeto e de construção. O primeiro empreendimento envolveu o projeto detalhado de uma unidade de manuseio de carvão para uma usina de energia e o segundo, a fase preliminar do projeto de um grande aeroporto. A equipe de pesquisa teve o propósito de analisar o processo de projeto e sugerir mudanças, para torná-lo mais eficiente. No primeiro empreendimento, dados detalhados sobre o fluxo de trabalho do projeto, da concepção ao detalhamento, foram coletados e analisados. O artigo apresenta a análise dos dados de identificação dos pontos críticos no processo e compara os resultados das análises com as percepções da equipe de projeto. No segundo empreendimento, a estrutura global da organização para coordenar as interfaces entre os processos de projeto foi avaliada. O texto apresenta um método estruturado para organizar as interfaces e as interações entre as diferentes disciplinas de projeto. Os detalhes do método proposto, as questões de implementação e os resultados da aplicação também são discutidos. ; Proposal: The increase in privately funded infrastructure construction in India had compelled project owners to demand highly compressed project schedules due to political risks and early revenue generation. As a result, many of the contracts are based on EPC (Engineering Procurement and Construction) contract enabling the contractor to plan and control the EPC phases. Sole responsibility for the three phases has facilitated the use of innovative approaches such as fast-track construction and concurrent engineering in order to minimize project duration. As a part of a research study to improve design processes, the first author spent a year as an observer in two design projects which was done by a leading EPC contractor in India. Both projects required accelerated design and fast-track construction. The first project involved the detailed design of a coal handling unit for a power plant and second the preliminary phase of a large airport design project. The research team had the mandate to analyze the design process and suggest changes to make it more efficient. On the first project, detailed data on the design/drawing workflow was collected and analyzed. The paper presents the analysis of the data identifying the bottlenecks in the process and compares the analysis results with the perceptions of the design team. On the second project, the overall organizational structure for coordinating the interfaces between the design processes was evaluated. The paper presents a structured method to organize the interface and interactions between the various design disciplines. The details of the method proposed, implementation issues and outcomes of implementation are also discussed.
A industrialização e urbanização têm produzido vários rejeitos que muitas vezes são despejados em áreas baixas sem tratamento adequado e sem engenharia de controle. O distrito de Bangalore tem mais de 60 lixões ilegais resultantes de rejeitos industriais ou municipais. Registros do governo apontam mais de 1.500 indústrias instaladas em diversos setores industriais e outros locais em torno da cidade. No presente estudo foi feita uma tentativa de caracterização do lixão da área industrial de Bommasandra, localizada no sul de Bangalore. Esse local de entulho tem de 15 a 20 anos e ocupa uma área de 12,7 acres. Cerca de 60 a 70 indústrias de diversas naturezas se localizam ao redor desse local de entulho. Um grande número de amostras de solo foi coletado para a caracterização do local e, após o conhecimento das propriedades do solo, foi feita uma tentativa de previsão do comportamento do transporte das espécies químicas selecionadas com base em modelos matemáticos disponíveis e em um aplicativo com base no MATLAB – 7 para modelar o processo de migração dessas espécies em função do tempo. Também um modelo disponibilizado pela USEPA DRASTIC foi usado. O Índice DRASTIC calculado para esse lixão foi 146; portanto, pode-se concluir que esse local de entulho é moderadamente vulnerável a poluentes. O comportamento de migração de cátions como sódio, cálcio e anions como sulfato, cloreto foi analisado. Foi observado que os cátions são mais retardados quando comparados aos anions. Isto foi atribuído às reações químicas desses elementos. ; Industrialization and urbanization has produced various types of wastes that sometimes are dumped in low-lying areas without proper treatment and engineering controls. Bangalore district has more than 60 illegal dumpsites consisting of either municipal or industrial waste. Government records indicate that more than 1,500 industries are working at various industrial areas and other locations around the city. In the present study an attempt has been made to characterize the Bommasandra industrial area dump site located at the south of Bangalore. This dump site is 15 to 20 years old and spreads on an area of 12.7 acres. Around 60 to 70 industries of all nature are located around this dump site. A large number of soil samples were collected and after site characterization of soil properties, an attempt has been made to predict the transport behavior of selected chemical species using available mathematical models and a program based on MATLAB- 7 to study the migration properties of these selected chemical species as a function of time. Also a model provided by USEPA DRASTIC has been used. The DRASTIC Index found for this dumpsite was 146; therefore, one can conclude that the studied dumpsite is moderately vulnerable to pollutants. The migrating behavior of cations such as sodium, calcium and anions such as sulphate, chloride were considered. It was observed that cations are better retarded in comparison to anions. This was attributed to exchangeable chemical reactions. ; Industrialization and urbanization has produced various types of wastes that sometimes are dumped in low-lying areas without proper treatment and engineering controls. Bangalore district has more than 60 illegal dumpsites consisting of either municipal or industrial waste. Government records indicate that more than 1,500 industries are working at various industrial areas and other locations around the city. In the present study an attempt has been made to characterize the Bommasandra industrial area dump site located at the south of Bangalore. This dump site is 15 to 20 years old and spreads on an area of 12.7 acres. Around 60 to 70 industries of all nature are located around this dump site. A large number of soil samples were collected and after site characterization of soil properties, an attempt has been made to predict the transport behavior of selected chemical species using available mathematical models and a program based on MATLAB- 7 to study the migration properties of these selected chemical species as a function of time. Also a model provided by USEPA DRASTIC has been used. The DRASTIC Index found for this dumpsite was 146; therefore, one can conclude that the studied dumpsite is moderately vulnerable to pollutants. The migrating behavior of cations such as sodium, calcium and anions such as sulphate, chloride were considered. It was observed that cations are better retarded in comparison to anions. This was attributed to exchangeable chemical reactions.
Occupational divisions in any country are understood largely as change in the activities of the membersin a given society and the way to earn their livelihood. Mostly, the change is observed in terms of changes in the distribution activities in the socio-economic structure of the society. India is a traditional caste-based society and so it is pertinent to describe occupational activities in terms of socio-cultural rather than the socio-economic structure. The socio-cultural implications of these occupational changes of the communities' opted alternative occupational options and understanding their development, requires interrelations of various aspects with holistic approach. The researchers felt that there is inadequacy of empirical studies relating to socio-cultural, economic and political attributes of different occupational groups. The point of departure of this paper is the caste affirmation and its ramifications on traditional communities by claiming their traditional occupations for new social identity. This affirmation in turn is expected to lead to a shift in the socio-political relationships of the community with the other dominant communities in social hierarchy. In India, occupational changes are taking place more widely than statistical changes and emerging with alternative social movement. This paper also critically analyses the existing caste theories, lacuna in the existing nomenclature, and gives a glimpse of Constitutional Privileges and their reflection on contemporary Government Orders (GOs) with special reference to a community (Scheduled Caste) in Tamil Nadu (State in South India). The paper empirically validates the emerging alternative collective social movement of a community, their social status through traditional occupation, knowledge system and their resistance to inclusion in the existing nomenclature
Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze the administrative approaches that influenced public management cultures in India and Nepal, with special attention to the Public Value Approach, to elaborate its basic tenets and examines the nature of Indian and Nepalese administrative cultures and scope of their improvement in the light of these tenets. The paper is divided into three parts: Part I deals with the background of emergence of Public Value Approach; Part II elaborates the basic principles and promises of Public Value Approach; and Part III examines the nature of administrative cultures as well as scope of its improvement in India and Nepal in the light of Public Value Approach, of public good and democratic element. ; Resumen: Este artículo busca analizar las teorías administrativas que influyeron en las culturas de la administración pública en India y Nepal, con especial atención a la Teoría del Valor Público, elaborando sus principios básicos y examinando la naturaleza de las culturas administrativas en estos países y el alcance de su mejora a la luz de estos principios. El artículo se divide en 3 partes: la parte 1 trata sobre el contexto del surgimiento de la Teoría del Valor Público, la parte II elabora los principios básicos y el potencial de la Teoría del Valor Público, y la parte 3 examina la naturaleza de las culturas administrativas del India y Nepal y el alcance de su mejora a la luz de la Teoría del Valor Público, el bien público y el aspecto democrático. ; Résumé: Le présent travail cherche à analyser les théories administratives qui ont influencé les cultures de l'administration publique en Inde et au Népal, avec une attention particulière à la théorie de la valeur publique, en élaborant ses principes de base et en examinant la nature des cultures administratives dans ces pays et leur portée amélioration à la lumière de ces principes. L'article est divisé en 3 parties: la partie 1 traite du contexte de l'émergence de la théorie de la valeur publique, la partie II élabore les principes de base et le potentiel de la théorie de la valeur publique et la partie 3 examine la nature des cultures administratives. de l'Inde et du Népal et la portée de son amélioration à la lumière de la théorie de la valeur publique, du bien public et de l'aspect démocratique. ; Abstract: Il presente lavoro cerca di analizzare le teorie amministrative che hanno influenzato le culture della pubblica amministrazione in India e Nepal, con particolare attenzione alla Teoria del Valore Pubblico, elaborandone i principi di base ed esaminando la natura delle culture amministrative in questi paesi e la portata miglioramento alla luce di questi principi. L'articolo è diviso in 3 parti: la parte 1 tratta del contesto dell'emergere della Teoria del valore pubblico, la parte II elabora i principi di base e le potenzialità della Teoria del valore pubblico e la parte 3 esamina la natura delle culture amministrative dell'India e del Nepal e la portata del suo miglioramento alla luce della teoria del valore pubblico, del bene pubblico e dell'aspetto democratico. ; Resumo: O presente trabalho busca fazer uma análise das teorias administrativas que influenciaram as culturas da administração pública na Índia e no Nepal, com especial atenção à Teoria do Valor Público, elaborando seus princípios básicos e examinando a natureza das culturas administrativas nesses países e o alcance de seu aprimoramento à luz desses princípios. O artigo é dividido em 3 partes: a parte 1 lida com o contexto do surgimento da Teoria do Valor Público, a parte II elabora os princípios básicos e o potencial da Teoria do Valor Público, e a parte 3 examina a natureza das culturas administrativas da Índia e do Nepal e o alcance de seu aprimoramento à luz da Teoria do Valor Público, do bem público e do aspecto democrático.
Computing, electronics and internet provides the free and fast flow of information across the globe. In a way, modern society depends on these autonomous control systems. However, this technological innovation requires a price to be paid: investment in cyber security of people, data, information and infrastructure. Some countries have already absorbed the issue as a matter of state and institutionalized government structures to take care exclusively of it. This paper presents some relevant points of the International Strategy for Cyberspace of the United States, besides the positioning of Russia and India on the subject. It then presents an overview of the Brazilian situation, from the the National Defense Strategy, a document that introduces the responsibility of protecting Brazilian cyberspace. It shows the arrangement, in the federal government hierarchy, of the various national agencies and organizations responsible for conducting intelligence activities necessary for the national security of Brazil. Finally, it provides an overview of the IT infrastructure existing in Brazil, especially in the federal public administration.
This article is the result of a research on regulation of global trade, particularly on regional agreements and bilateral trade of the Institute for Applied Economic Research. The results presented here i) address the presentation of data and scanning of existing preferential agreements for the United States, European Union, China and India on Trade Remedies and Rules of Origin and ii) promote an analytical presentation of the subjects studied as well as the identification of patterns or standard regulation verified in these agreements. The central question of the research is to present the rules and its' regulatory standards that Brazil can spot when negotiating preferential agreements, especially those dealing with the trading partners analyzed herein, as well as define possible lines of action for development of foreign trade policy in Brazil.
El presente artículo objetiva elaborar un análisis de política comparada por medio del mapeo de la experiencia de paradiplomacia financiera en algunos países emergentes. El trabajo expone el concepto de paradiplomacia financiera; esboza el modelo de la paradiplomacia financiera en países de estructura de gobierno federativo; compara las experiencias de paradiplomacia financiera en cuatro países emergentes (Argentina, India, México, Rusia); y hace una síntesis de las experiencias en comparación con Brasil. El estado concluyó que la paradiplomacia financiera en el mundo emergente se encuentra limitada una vez que los gobiernos subnacionales están obligados a captar en los mercados de créditos domésticos a costos, en general, bien superiores al mercado internacional y/o tener que aceptar la intermediación del gobierno central en la contratación de préstanos junto a los organismos financieros internacionales, siendo pocos los que captan directamente en los mercados de capitales globales ; This article engages into a comparative policy analysis through the mapping of the financial paradiplomacy experience in some emerging market countries. The article introduces the concept of financial paradiplomacy, outlines the financial model of paradiplomacy in countries with federal government structures, compares the experience with financial paradiplomacy in four emerging market countries (Argentina, India, Mexico and Russia), and provides an overview of those experiences compared with Brazil. The article concludes that financial paradiplomacy in emerging markets is limited since subnational governments are required to raise funds in the domestic credit markets at costs above the international market and/or having to accept the intermediation role of the respective central governments in order to obtain loans from the international financial organizations; with just a few of emerging market countries whose subnational governments raise funds directly in the global capital market. ; O presente artigo objetiva elaborar uma análise de política comparada por meio do mapeamento da experiência de paradiplomacia financeira em alguns países emergentes. O trabalho expõe o conceito de paradiplomacia financeira; esboça o modelo da paradiplomacia financeira em países de estrutura de governo federativo; compara as experiências de paradiplomacia financeira em quatro países emergentes (Argentina, Índia, México e Rússia); e faz uma síntese das experiências em comparação com o Brasil. O estudo conclui que a paradiplomacia financeira no mundo emergente se encontra limitada uma vez que os governos subnacionais ficam obrigados a captar nos mercados de crédito domésticos a custos em geral bem superiores ao mercado internacional e/ou terem de aceitar a intermediação do governo central na contratação de empréstimos junto aos organismos financeiros internacionais, sendo poucos os que captam diretamente nos mercados de capitais globais.
The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of private investment, especially private participation in infrastructure, focusing on the institutional quality of emerging economies. The emerging economies analyzed (Argentina, Brazil, China, Chile, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Venezuela) accounted for approximately 80% of the EMBIPLUS index and 60% of the EMBIGLOBAL index, reference indexes of the J.P. Morgan bank correspond in August 2016. The results show that most of the institutional variables analyzed, in particular, economic freedom and regulatory quality, actually explain the number of projects and the investment figure with private participation in infrastructure for the group of emerging economies analyzed in the period 1990-2015 even controlling for liquidity and global risk shocks.
A representação política do território ultramarino nas Cortes metropolitanas transformou-se, nos debates constituintes vintistas, no mais importante símbolo da forma igualitária com que o novo regime político iria tratar as "antigas colónias". Os deputados "ultramarinos" estariam presentes nas Cortes, em Lisboa, para discutir os destinos de uma Nação pluri-continental. Neste artigo pretende-se mostrar, fundamentalmente, três coisas. Em primeiro lugar, que o conceito de Nação unitária pluricontinental era uma alternativa não somente ao antigo "sistema colonial" mas igualmente ao modelo federal, proposto, desde a segunda metade do século XVIII, por autores contrários à preservação dos Impérios. Em segundo lugar, que as tensões geradas por aquele conceito de Nação, que emergiram durante a discussão em torno da regulamentação da representação política, já tinham sido antecipadas pelo pensamento político da época, nomeadamente na obra de Jeremy Bentham. Finalmente, que o mesmo conceito serviu, durante o século XIX, como argumento para impedir a criação de assembleias legislativas coloniais em África e na Índia, contribuindo para a preservação formal de um modelo centralizador de relação com os territórios ultramarinos. ; The political representation of the overseas provinces in the Portuguese parliament became, during Portuguese first constitutional debates (1820-1822), the most important symbol of the equalitarian principle adopted by the liberal regime in what concerned the "ancient colonies". According to it, the overseas deputies would have a seat in Portuguese parliament, where they could debate the destinies of a pluricontinental Nation. In this article, I try to address three main topics regarding this discussion. In the first place, I state that the concept of a pluricontinental unitary nation was not only an alternative to the ancient "colonial system", but also an alternative to the "federal model" that was being proposed, from the second half of the eighteenth century on, by authors who criticized Imperial relationships. In the second place, I show how the tensions generated by that concept of Nation, tensions which emerged during the discussion on the regulation of the overseas political representation, had already been anticipated by the contemporary political thought, namely in the works of Jeremy Bentham. Finally, I will show that this same concept have served, during the whole nineteenth century, as an argument to reject the creation of colonial legislative assemblies in Portuguese Africa and India, contributing to the preservation of a formally centralized model of administering the Empire.
In June 2008, the Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association (ABIA) and the Indian NGO SAHARA submitted a joint pre-grant opposition to the patent application of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in India. This joint action provides a pertinent case model of the potential effects of South-South cooperation between civil society groups. In this study, the aim sought to determine the practicality of the methodology and propositions developed in Resources, Knowledge and Influence: the Organizational Effects of Interorganizational Collaboration (Hardy et al., 2003) in predicting the types of collaboration effects that would result from the degree of "involvement" and "embeddedness" of a collaboration. Data collection came from archival research, participant observation research and interviews. Research tasks included an investigation on South-South Cooperation in the area of IP rights and AIDS, compiling an SLR on knowledge management and collaboration theories, creating a chronology of the collaboration and application of aforementioned methodology. Application included (1) implementation of codification methodology based on "involvement" and "embeddedness" and (2) identification of types of effects in collaboration - strategic, knowledge creation or political. During data analysis, these effects were compared with the aims of collaboration. Results were then tested against propositions (Hardy et al., 2003) of the relationship between involvement and embeddedness and the collaborative effects. Findings support three propositions: (1) Collaborations with high levels of involvement will be positively associated with the acquisition of distinctive resources, (2) Collaborations with high levels of involvement and high levels of embeddedness will be positively associated with the creation of knowledge, (3) Collaborations that are highly embedded will be positively associated with an increase of influence. ; In June 2008, the Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association (ABIA) and the Indian NGO SAHARA submitted a joint pre-grant opposition to the patent application of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in India. This joint action provides a pertinent case model of the potential effects of South-South cooperation between civil society groups. In this study, the aim sought to determine the practicality of the methodology and propositions developed in Resources, Knowledge and Influence: the Organizational Effects of Interorganizational Collaboration (Hardy et al., 2003) in predicting the types of collaboration effects that would result from the degree of "involvement" and "embeddedness" of a collaboration. Data collection came from archival research, participant observation research and interviews. Research tasks included an investigation on South-South Cooperation in the area of IP rights and AIDS, compiling an SLR on knowledge management and collaboration theories, creating a chronology of the collaboration and application of aforementioned methodology. Application included (1) implementation of codification methodology based on "involvement" and "embeddedness" and (2) identification of types of effects in collaboration - strategic, knowledge creation or political. During data analysis, these effects were compared with the aims of collaboration. Results were then tested against propositions (Hardy et al., 2003) of the relationship between involvement and embeddedness and the collaborative effects. Findings support three propositions: (1) Collaborations with high levels of involvement will be positively associated with the acquisition of distinctive resources, (2) Collaborations with high levels of involvement and high levels of embeddedness will be positively associated with the creation of knowledge, (3) Collaborations that are highly embedded will be positively associated with an increase of influence.
Brazil, together with India and South Africa, now represent a renewed source of international pressure, views, and resources. IBSA has brought together these three developing nations, that are regional powerhouses, therefore simultaneously opening space for affirmative multilateralism, intra-South political coordination. They countries have been dedicating special attention to the rule-making process of global governance agendas and institutions. While broadening and deepening the scope of their responsibilities and commitments to other developing countries, they have been crafting innovative forms of inter-state collaboration. The chance to sit together at the UNSC in 2011 as non-permanent members became a major opportunity for IBSA. During this year, this group was able to share and reinforce the values and perspectives on world politics and security in an effort to strengthen a Southern critical appraisal of the post-cold war liberal peace concepts and prescriptions. Whereas western powers have downplayed the importance of reviewing its methods and procedures UNSC, IBSA countries have transmitted their special concern with the flaws of UN bureaucratic coordination, the needs for improvement in the links between SC, the GA and the executive boards of the UN agencies. Brazil has become especially concerned with the question of legitimacy of the use of force in international intervention as well as the humanitarian impact of military action and the importance of solutions which sought equilibrium between peace, solidarity, sovereignty and sustainable development."Assistance and cooperation, rather than coercion must be our watchwords", have been Brazil's pledge at the UNCS.
A boa nutrição é o sustentáculo do bem-estar humano. Boa nutrição antes do nascimento e ao longo da infância permite que o cérebro funcione e evolua sem problemas e que os sistemas imunológicos se desenvolvam com mais vigor. Para as crianças pequenas, um nível de boa nutrição afasta a morte e prepara o corpo para crescer e desenvolver todo o seu potencial. No decorrer da vida humana, a boa nutrição leva a melhor aproveitamento escolar, mães mais bem alimentadas que dão à luz crianças mais bem nutridas, e adultos que tem maior probabilidade de serem produtivos e receber salários melhores. Durante a meia-idade, a boa nutrição origina metabolismos melhor preparados para proteger contra doenças associadas a mudanças na dieta e atividade física. Sem uma boa nutrição as vidas e meios de vida das pessoas são como que construídos em areia movediça. ; Supplementary Online Materials ix Acknowledgments x Abbreviations xii Executive summary xiii Chapter 1 ntroduction 2 Chapter 2 Nutrition Is Central to Sustainable Development 7 Chapter 3 Progress toward the World Health Assembly Nutrition Targets Is Too Slow1 5 Chapter 4 The Coexistence of Different Forms of Malnutrition Is the "New Normal" 22 Chapter 5 The Coverage of Nutrition-Specific Interventions Needs to Improve 29 Chapter 6 Interventions Addressing the Underlying Determinants of Nutrition Status Are Important, but They Need to Be More Nutrition sensitive 38 Chapter 7 The Enabling Environment Is Improving, but Not Quickly Enough 47 Chapter 8 The Need to Strengthen Accountability in Nutrition 56 Chapter 9 What Are the Priorities for Investment in Improved Nutrition Data? 67 Chapter 10 Key Messages and Recommendations 71 Appendix 1 The Nutrition Country Profile: A Tool for Action 75 Appendix 2 Which Countries Are on Course to Meet Several WHA Targets? 77 Appendix 3 Which Countries Are on Course for Which WHA Targets? 79 Appendix 4 Donor Spending on Nutrition-Specific and Nutrition-Sensitive Interventions and Programs 84 Appendix 5 How Accountable Is the Global Nutrition Report? 86 Appendix 6 Availability of Data for Nutrition Country Profile Indicators 88 Notes 91 References 95 PANELS Panel 11 Types of Nutrition Investment, Lawrence Haddad 4 Panel 21 Nutrition and the Sustainable Development Goals—No Room for Complacency, Michael Anderson 11 Panel 22 Some New Data from India: What If?, Lawrence Haddad, Komal Bhatia, and Kamilla Eriksen 12 Panel 23 How Did Maharashtra Cut Child Stunting?, Lawrence Haddad 13 Panel 24 Can Improving the Underlying Determinants of Nutrition Help Meet the WHA Targets?, Lisa Smith and Lawrence Haddad 14 Panel 41 Malnutrition in the United States and United Kingdom, Jessica Fanzo 25 Panel 42 Regional Drivers of Malnutrition in Indonesia, Endang Achadi with acknowledgment to Sudarno Sumarto and Taufik Hidayat 26 Panel 43 Compiling District-Level Nutrition Data in India, Purnima Menon and Shruthi Cyriac 27 Panel 44 Targeting Minority Groups at Risk in the United States, Jennifer Requejo and Joel Gittelsohn 28 Panel 51 Measuring Coverage of Programs to Treat Severe Acute Malnutrition, Jose Luis Alvarez 37 Panel 61 Trends in Dietary Quality among Adults in the United States, Daniel Wang and Walter Willett 41 Panel 62 How Did Bangladesh Reduce Stunting So Rapidly?, Derek Headey 43 Panel 63 Using an Agricultural Platform in Burkina Faso to Improve Nutrition during the First 1,000 Days, Deanna Kelly Olney, Andrew Dillon, Abdoulaye Pedehombga, Marcellin Ouédraogo, and Marie Ruel 45 Panel 71 Is There a Better Way to Track Nutrition Spending? 48 Panel 72 Tracking Financial Allocations to Nutrition: Guatemala's Experience, Jesús Bulux, Otto Velasquez, Cecibel Juárez, Carla Guillén, and Fernando Arriola 49 Panel 73 A Tool for Assessing Government Progress on Creating Healthy Food Environments, Boyd Swinburn 51 Panel 74 Engaging Food and Beverage Companies through the Access to Nutrition Index, Inge Kauer 52 Panel 75 How Brazil Cut Child Stunting and Improved Breastfeeding Practices, Jennifer Requejo 54 Panel 81 Scaling Up Nutrition through Business, Jonathan Tench 61 Panel 82 How Civil Society Organizations Build Commitment to Nutrition, Claire Blanchard 62 Panel 83 Building Civil Society's Capacity to Push for Policies on Obesity and Noncommunicable Diseases, Corinna Hawkes 63 Panel 84 Can Community Monitoring Enhance Accountability for Nutrition?, Nick Nisbett and Dolf te Lintelo 64 Panel 85 National Evaluation Platforms: Potential for Nutrition, Jennifer Bryce and colleagues 65 Panel 86 The State of African Nutrition Data for Accountability and Learning, Carl Lachat, Joyce Kinabo, Eunice Nago, Annamarie Kruger, and Patrick Kolsteren 66 ; PR ; IFPRI1; CRP4; B Promoting healthy food systems ; DGO; A4NH; PHND ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)
