Suchergebnisse

"After providing a brief overview of relations between India, Brazil and South Africa after the end of the Cold War, this chapter recounts the intellectual origins of IBSA, the motivations that led the three countries to create the grouping, and two instances of successful cooperation, one immediately before and one after IBSA's birth in June 2003"--

Intro -- BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA, AND SOUTH AFRICA INVESTMENT CLIMATES -- BRAZIL, RUSSIA, INDIA, CHINA, AND SOUTH AFRICA INVESTMENT CLIMATES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 2013 INVESTMENT CLIMATE STATEMENT: BRAZIL -- OPENNESS TO, AND RESTRICTIONS UPON, FOREIGN INVESTMENT -- Ownership Restrictions -- Aviation -- Insurance -- Media -- Infrastructure Concession -- Investment Goals -- Conversion and Transfer Policies -- Expropriation and Compensation -- Dispute Settlement -- Performance Requirements and Incentives -- Government Procurement -- Right to Private Ownership and Establishment -- Protection of Property Rights -- Mortgages -- Intellectual Property Rights -- Transparency of the Regulatory System -- Efficient Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment -- Credit Market -- Equity Market -- Competition from State-Owned Enterprises -- Corporate Social Responsibility -- Political Violence -- Corruption -- Bilateral Investment Agreements -- OPIC and Other Investment Insurance Programs -- Labor -- Foreign Trade Zones/Free Trade Zones -- Foreign Direct Investment and Foreign Direct Investment Statistics -- Chapter 2 2013 INVESTMENT CLIMATE STATEMENT: RUSSIA -- OPENNESS TO, AND RESTRICTIONS UPON, FOREIGN INVESTMENT -- Global Benchmarks -- Currency Conversion and Capital Transfers -- Expropriation and Compensation -- Dispute Settlement -- Performance Requirements and Incentives -- Right to Private Ownership and Establishment -- Protection of Property Rights -- Transparency of the Regulatory System -- Capital Markets and Portfolio Investment -- State-Owned Enterprises -- Corporate Social Responsibility -- Political Violence -- Corruption -- Bilateral Investment Agreements -- OPIC and Other Investment Insurance Programs -- Labor -- Foreign Trade Zones/Free Ports -- Foreign Direct Investment Statistics

The gridlock in the Doha round of international trade negotiations in the WTO since 2001 has led developing countries to pursue different strategies to boost trade and investment among various partners. One of these mechanisms is the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) forum created in 2003. The IBSA forum emerged in a context of the rise of emerging powers on the global scene and fits in their respective strategies of assertion and gaining status as global powers beyond their regions. Historically non-traditional trade partners, IBSA also allows the three countries to re-explore opportunities for trade and investment in each others' growing markets. This paper will question the strategic aims of these southern-led cooperation mechanisms by looking at the forum' activities related to the increase of south-south cooperation. The IBSA forum has often been criticized for not delivering results and being rendered redundant by the rise of similar groupings like the Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa (BRICS) forum. I argue that beyond publicly stated aim of promoting south-south cooperation, the IBSA forum allows its members to pursue three underlying strategic aims: autonomization through the increase of strategic partnerships with emerging non-traditional partners; socialization through the creation of transgovernmental and transnational networks; and greater visibility on the international stage, which increases political leverage.