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The article was originally published without an abstract
From introduction:
In my article l discuss how recent regional socio-political changes in Brazilian "Amazon have opened new social spaces for the Amazonian indigenous youth, and a possibility to acquire symbolic capital. l have studied young generation of the Manchinery, who live in the state of Acre, Brazil. This topic has been in center of my Ph.D. thesis tailored as a comparative study of worldviews and social actions of the Manchinery youth, between
14 and 24 years of age, in two different contexts, in the indigenous territory and the capital of Acre, Rio Brando. In cities the encounter of new beliefs, habíts, technology, and social realities is different than in indigenous territories, where the new ideas are expressed through the state health services, environmental agencies and education politics of the state (…)

Adapted from introductory paragraph

The aim of this study is to examine indigenous Malay writings in an attempt to discover how Malays expressed their identity as a people. In what context was the termMelayuused; in what types of documents did it appear; and did the concept of "Malayness" vary with time and place?

The first item on the agenda toward an understanding of Latin American (LA) culture is to question the usefulness of speaking of a single culture. On the contrary, we have a congeries of cultures in LA, interrelated in complex ways, but also genuine and distinct entities. Viewed in this light, it is still possible to speak of LA and the contributions to it by the Indian cultures. But the Indians are not to be judged by what they have contributed to some culture other than their own; they like all the others are justified by their existence. At the time Columbus came to America there was a tremendous difference among Indian groups. For all of the thousands of cultures discernible at the time of first contact, anthropol'ts are now satisfied to divide them into a half dozen large culture areas: The greater southwest, Mesoamerica, the people of the tropical forests and southern Andes, the circum-Caribbean and sub-Andean peoples, the central Andes, and the marginal peoples. These areas differed from each other not only in culture but also in density of pop. After 450 yrs the Indians are still with us. But they have fared quite differently in different areas of LA. In Indo-America (Andes, Mexico, Guatemala) the Indians remain surprisingly in the pre-Conquest pattern because they were so many and could be used more or less as they were. In Mestizo-America (Circum-Caribbean and tropical forest areas) the Indians have generally disappeared or been acculturated. They were village dwellers and had no place to run. They also did not have the mass of pop of the Indo-American areas. In Euro-America the Indian pop was sparse and tribal. Here the Indian remains in tribal groups in the hinterland. The only place, then, where the Indian has substantially disappeared is the Caribbean area, largely because they received the brunt of the first exploitation by Europeans. That the Indians will change their ways and become like us is doubted. There is a continuing process of Indians leaving their communities and becoming acculturated to the national culture. But modern medicine reduces the death rate, and it seems likely that Indian societies will grow faster than they lose adherents. To suppose that out of the present heterogeneity will come a single homogeneous LA culture is only possible if one assumes that the homogeneous European is dominant over the much more heterogeneous Indian. J. E. Hughes.