Suchergebnisse

The article deals with gender aspects of the perception of environmental problems by the population in the industrial development of the Arctic. There is substantiated the need to develop an ethno-social approach to the study of environmental problems in the framework of interaction between mining companies and the indigenous peoples of the North. It is proposed to conduct sociological surveys of the population when assessing the impact on the ethnological environment (ethnological expertise of the project). The experience of conducting such research to identify and assess gender-specific perceptions of environmental problems in the implementation of investment projects in the Arctic is shown. Based on the results of the empirical research in 2017–2019 on alluvial gold and diamond mining projects in the Northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the main environmental problems that concern the local population are identified. These include: pollution of the environment in the territories of traditional nature use, decrease in the number of deer, reduction in the number of objects of traditional crafts, lack of a system for garbage removal and processing, climate change, and others. The article shows specifics of the environmental problems perception by the indigenous inhabitants of the North (Evenks, Dolgans, Yukagirs, Sakha) on a gender basis. It proposes a mechanism for taking into account the gender characteristics of the population's behavior in the impact of economic activities on the environment in order to ensure gender equality by signing an agreement between mining companies and the local population on the socio-economic development of the territory. The concept of a gender approach to the account of ethnosocial and environmental aspects of territory development with the account the life cycle of the project is substantiated. Implementation of this approach will allow a more full account of the interests and needs of the indigenous population in the industrial development of the territory in the Arctic.

The article analyzes the text of the «Canada's Arctic and Northern Policy Framework», published in September 2019. The author conducted a comparative analysis with a comparable document «Canada's Northern Strategy: Our North, Our Heritage, Our Future» of 2009. As a result, new approaches to the development of Canada's Northern policy were revealed. There were detected unchanged priorities and goals, as well as emphases of the Canadian government in the shaping of Arctic and Northern policy on addressing the socio-economic problems of indigenous peoples and residents of the North of Canada.

The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

The paper considers the features of the demographic processes in the Russian Arctic zone by the example of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the period from 1939 to 2017. The future of the Arctic depends in large part on its demographic potential. What should be the population of the territory, how the space is organized, whether the population is needed, or enough of the watch organization of production: what should be done (or what not to do) so that the way of life of the native and the indigenous population remained in harmony with the environment, and at the same time solved large-scale tasks in the interests of the country. The study uses the method of constructing and comparing demographic pyramids for different time periods. There are specified demographic groups that differ in their reproductive behavior. On this basis, time periods were identified, within which demographic processes were going in different ways that allows us to assess the relationship between the nature and outcome of these processes and the structure of population at different stages of history. Based on the prospective analysis of the demographic processes in the territory of development of this part of the country, there was revealed the specific in the dynamics and features of the formation of the demographic potential through natural reproduction and migration movement of the indigenous people and newcomers. The authors examined the changes in the population structure at the time of population growth due to intensive arrivals before 1990 and the dramatic decrease as a result of the outflow in the 1990 s, which significantly changed the structure of the population, the ratio between different groups. This approach to analysis of demographic indicators may be used in elaboration of strategic plans for socio-economic development of the region. It gives an adequate assessment of the current situation, helps to formulate in strategic documents the goals and objectives of socioeconomic development, to determine the priorities in the regional demographic policy.

The paper studies migration intentions of inhabitants of Omsk oblast under strengthening outflow of the indigenous population including the youth. The authors look at the inhabitants' migration from the perspective of the regional labour market and employment. The article presents the results of the assessment of migration intentions of Omsk oblast's population in terms of the varying degree of their formation, lists the reasons behind the change of residence, reveals chances of employment in the native region, and examines the interrelation between the migration intentions and the situation in the labour market. As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that the region's residents, particularly, its young
members, have formed intentions to leave the region, which are related to the subjective negative perception of the state of the labour market, when the region as a place of residence is associated with low wages, limited opportunities to find attractive jobs, build a career, etc.

Introduction. The problem of repatriation of the Muslim population, so-called "Meskhetian Turks" exiled in 1944 from Samtskhe-Javakheti and acceptance of their national identity has long worried Georgian people. The opinions on this subject vary drastically. Depending on the political situation, this issue periodically emerges (possibly deliberately) as a controversy. Comparison and analysis of currently available written sources, special and general literature, documents, recently studied ethnographic materials finally provide an opportunity to define who the "Meskhetian Turks" are. In addition, they reveal who is benefiting from using this artificially created term and for what purpose.

Methods and materials. The materials concerning these problems and their classification are based on the methods developed by Ac.G. Chitaia, the founder of Georgian Ethnographic School. They contain different methods of complex-intensive as well as generalization and historical characters.

Analysis. Muslimized population (Tarakams, Kurds, Turks, and later Georgian Muslims) mostly lived in Akhalkalaki and Akhaltsikhe provinces before the exile. Prior to 1940, the religious and ethnic composition of the population was rather diverse. This area was inhabited by indigenous Christians and partly Islamized Georgians. They were later joined by sheltered Kurds, Turks, Armenians and Karapapakhs. Calling them "Meskhetian Turks" has a specific purpose and the term is artificially spread in Georgian society. This type of action does not happen in any other country. One may wonder if various governmental, non-governmental and international agencies that have appeared in Georgia like mushrooms after the rain, know about this fact. Or, maybe they know it but under the influence of the governing forces of "the new order" and wholesome funding they deliberately destroy the national identity and integrity of the centuries-old history of the Georgian nation. One should use the term "Muslimized Meskhetians" but never "Meskhetian Turks" (the diverse tribal muslim population exiled from Samtskhe-Javakheti) to refer to the population of several million indigenous muslimized Georgians who are living on their historic territory (Tao-Klarjeti, Kola- Artaani, Shavsheti, Lazistan, etc.), currently Turkey.

Results. The research process highlights the following: according to the results of the study, it becomes possible to develop a number of recommendations which will help the multiethnic population of Samtskhe-Javakhethi live in a peaceful way and accelerate the adaptation and integration processes.

The article deals with the issues of participation of Yakutia in the international scientific cooperation in the Arctic during the last decade of the 20th and the first years of the 21st century. The author describes the history of realization of the international initiatives for studying social and cultural transformations and challenges of life of Arctic Indigenous Peoples, studying natural phenomena and processes, as well as environmental protection in the Yakutia's Arctic and their main results on the basis of a set of archival documents, English- and Frenchlanguage materials. The author called the most important factors that determine the extent of joint research of Russian scientists and their foreign colleagues, identified the key participants (scientists from Great Britain, Germany, Canada, Russia, Finland, France and Japan), forms (collection of field data, its processing and laboratory analysis; provision of academic institutions of Yakutia, their research base, provision of special equipment for foreign partners; coordination of research and the exchange of the data obtained; organization of conferences and workshops; organization of protected areas; publication of research results), and mechanisms (organization of special structures to intensify and coordinate research; association of research through a unified methodology; elaboration of international programs and projects, taking into account the potential of the involved parties - financing, tools and staff) of international scientific cooperation development. (author's abstract)

At present, the study of the languages of indigenous peoples, which are under the threat of extinction, is relevant. The language of Karelians-Ludiks is poorly studied both from the point of view of grammar and lexical composition. The purpose of this study is to systematize the interjections in the Ludik dialect of the Karelian language. In the process of work, in addition to general scientific empirical (observation, comparison, description) and theoretical research methods (familiarization with the material, hypotheses, assessment of the validity of the assumption, hypothesis testing), general logical methods and methods concretizing them (induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, generalization, analogy, systemic and structural approaches) were used. The study was carried out using the method of functional-semantic description. The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the work is due to the fact that the authors of the article for the first time carried out a classification of interjections in the Ludik dialect of the Karelian language based on the data of Karelian grammars and dictionaries. Two groups of interjections - emotional and imperative - are distinguished and accompanied by vocables and glossing, the narrowing of the typology of interjections traditional for Karelian grammars is substantiated, a conclusion is made about the primitive and borrowed nature of Ludik interjective discursive words.

В исследовании, посвященном эвенкийской топонимике, рассматривается этимология притоков р. Алдан в его верхнем течении. Актуальность публикации обусловлена необходимостью восстановления исходной этимологии гидронимов в связи с проблемой распространения ошибочных гипотез в научной и справочной литературе. Цель исследования - определить этимологию гидронимов (притоков р. Алдан) с эвенкийского языка. Задачами исследования являются: определение исходной транскрипции и значений названий рек на основе лексического пласта эвенков Южной Якутии и сопредельных территорий; обозначение специфики пространственной ориентации эвенков, в которой реки являются центральными ориентирами движения. Научная новизна работы обусловлена исследовательским подходом, в котором топонимия представляется важной составляющей системы пространственной ориентации эвенков. Для решения поставленных задач использованы следующие методы исследования: этимологический, географический, сравнительно-сопоставительный. В рамках данного подхода топонимия географического ареала исследуется с позиции принципов историзма, семантического соответствия, социальной обусловленности и в соответствии с культурными традициями коренных обитателей территории - эвенков Южной Якутии. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что река является центральным объектом в системе пространственной ориентации эвенков, в которой каждый объект воспринимается ее неотъемлемой частью и наделяется уникальными характеристиками в соответствии с условиями местного ландшафта, использованием объекта в системе ориентации и движении в соответствии с потребностями кочевого хозяйства. Этимология топонимов притоков р. Алдан в его верхнем течении основывается на лексическом пласте эвенков Южной Якутии и прилегающих территорий, являющихся коренными обитателями региона.
The publication on Evenki toponymy examines the etymology of the tributaries of the Aldan River in its upper reaches. The relevance of the publication is due to the need to restore the original etymology of hydronyms in connection with the problem of the spread of erroneous hypotheses in scientific and reference literature. The purpose of the research is to determine the etymology of hydronyms (tributaries of the Aldan River) from the Evenki language. The objectives of the research are: to determine the original transcription and meanings of river names based on the lexical layer of the Evenki of South Yakutia and adjacent territories; designation of the specifics of the spatial orientation of the Evenki, in which the rivers are the central landmarks of movement. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the research approach, in which toponymy is an important component of the system of spatial orientation of the Evenki. To solve the objectives, the following research methods are used: etymological, geographical, comparative. Within the framework of this approach, the toponymy of the geographical area is studied from the standpoint of the principles of historicism, semantic correspondence, social conditioning and in accordance with the cultural traditions of the indigenous inhabitants of the territory - the Evenki of South Yakutia. The results obtained testify to the fact that the river is a central object in the system of spatial orientation of the Evenks, in which each object is perceived as its integral part and is endowed with unique characteristics in accordance with the conditions of the local landscape, use of the object in the system of orientation and movement in accordance with the needs of nomadic economy. The etymology of the toponyms of the tributaries of the Aldan River in its upper reaches is based on the lexical layer of the Evenks of Southern Yakutia and the adjacent territories, who are the indigenous inhabitants of the region.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of church (calendar) and folk (everyday) names of Orthodox holidays in the Khakass language in the theolinguistic aspect. The research was carried out on the material of publications of the diocesan newspaper "Сын сабланыстығ киртiнiс" ("Orthodox Faith"), as well as calendars and dictionaries of the Khakass language. The topic of the article is relevant due to the insufficient degree of development of the problems of the scientific description of the religious vocabulary of the languages of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, including the Khakass language. The novelty of the work is determined by the fact that it was carried out on the basis of Khakass heortonyms, which had not previously become an object of scientific research. The author found that the Khakass church names of religious holidays are often tracing copies of Russian names, which, in turn, repeat the basic structure of Greek nominations, and a certain cultural specificity is manifested in the folk ones. The author divides the folk heortonyms of the Khakass language into two groups, the first of which refers to the names that arose by transferring the name of the attribute of a certain holiday to the holiday itself, and the second — names that are distorted Russian heortonyms. Answering the question, what is the reason for the presence of folk heortonyms to indicate some holidays and absence for others, the author concludes that their presence is determined either by the features of the celebration of a religious event, or its economic significance. The author concludes that further research is needed on the religious vocabulary of the Khakass language and its fixation in dictionaries

The article summarizes the natural increase / decrease in the population of the regions and macroregions of the Russian Federation for 1992-2019. Depopulation is a steady natural population decline, it's characteristic of most European territories (countries or parts thereof), whose population was heavily affected in World War II. This applies to both sides of the conflict — and fascist Germany (as well as militaristic Asian Japan), on the one hand; and the territories of modern Poland, the Republic of Belarus, Ukraine, the European part of the Russian Federation, parts of the former Yugoslavia, on the other hand. As a result, since the 1970s the population of these territories began to enter a period of depopulation, the excess of mortality over fertility. This happened as a result of a downward demographic wave, the so-called «first echo of the Second World War», as well as due to global trends of declining birth rates in the entire developed and rapidly developing world. In general, over the 28 years of the post-Soviet period from the beginning of 1992 to the beginning of2020, depopulation covered all European regions of Russia with the exception of 5 republics of the North Caucasus and the Republic of Kalmykia. A somewhat different picture was observed beyond the Ural Range. Here, the depopulation in most large industrial regions was primarily due to the post-Soviet migration outflow of the population to the European part of the country — to the capital regions and plains of Southern Russia with a favorable climate. Positive natural growth was only in the oil and gas bearing Tyumen oblast, the Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, as well as in the republics of Southern Siberia, whose indigenous population professes Buddhism. The article presents an analysis for each of the typical groups of Russian regions, provides statistics for 28 years of the demographic (reproductive) development of territories, substantiates conclusions, among which the main one is the following. The decrease in the volume of current and upcoming demographic human losses in Russia depends on the consistency, scientific justification, efficiency, effectiveness and selectivity of the country's demographic policy.