Individual Attitudes
In: The Oxford Handbook of the Political Economy of International Trade (2015), edited by Lisa Martin, pp. 99–181. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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In: The Oxford Handbook of the Political Economy of International Trade (2015), edited by Lisa Martin, pp. 99–181. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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In: Philosophy of the social sciences: an international journal = Philosophie des sciences sociales, Band 40, Heft 2, S. 319-324
ISSN: 1552-7441
Classical thinking on rationality regards it as an all-or-nothing affair. It thus fails to account for the fact that institutions are powerful social factors that frame the contexts within which rational agents supposedly exercise their ability to choose. This poses the classic dilemma: should social explanation refer to individual decisions or to institutions? Wettersten skillfully criticizes some of the most advanced solutions to it, and attempts to formulate a better explanatory unit for the social sciences: the partially rational individual. Since the partially rational individual is also only partially an individual,Wettersten's methodological reconciliation between individualism and holism seems to have some ontological implications too, ones that he seems reluctant to embrace. His book is nevertheless an interesting contribution to the controversy regarding the limits to the explanatory power of social theories.
In: Working with older people: community care policy & practice, Band 12, Heft 4, S. 35-37
ISSN: 2042-8790
Individual budgets allow the service user to take control and make decisions about the care that they receive. Manchester was one of 13 local authority development sites chosen by the Department of Health to trial individual budgets. The pilot has ended but the scheme remains strong. Here, Caroline Marsh describes how one individual's life has been transformed through the power of choice.
In: Cass Series on Political Violence; The Psychology of Terrorism
In: Human and social studies: research and practice, Band 7, Heft 3, S. 7-10
ISSN: 2285-5920
In: Synthese: an international journal for epistemology, methodology and philosophy of science, Band 193, Heft 11, S. 3497-3506
ISSN: 1573-0964
In: Redefining Capitalism in Global Economic Development, S. 5-15
In: Visnyk Kyïvsʹkoho Nacionalʹnoho Universytetu imeni Tarasa Ševčenka. Serija, Ukraïnoznavstvo, Heft 2 (12), S. 82-86
The results of empirical research devoted to the study of individual psychological characteristics of individuals engaged in social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are considered in this article. Social entrepreneurship is a new area of practice that is developing rapidly but is still insufficiently studied in psychology. Foreign research projects compare social entrepreneurs' personal traits with the ones of traditional entrepreneurs, members of the general public, employees in the same area of activity, volunteers, etc. There are such personal traits of social entrepreneurs that have a higher level of development (compared to others) as empathy, willingness to take risks and to cooperate and develop social networks, creativity, need for autonomy and independence, optimism, trust in others, belief in positive social changes, ability to cope with obstacles on their way to social mission implementation. Most researchers emphasize the developed sense of social responsibility, moral obligations towards others, self-sacrifice of social entrepreneurs. As a result of the empirical research of individual psychological characteristics of individuals engaged in social and traditional entrepreneurship in Ukraine psychological particularities within each group of entrepreneurs have been determined. A psychological portrait of social entrepreneur has been compiled based on the obtained empirical data: an active, focused on the external world, intent on reflection and introspection, receptive to obtain new knowledge, hardworking, creative, relatively emotionally stable, moderately conformable and ambitious individual, which is characterized by a high level of empathy and an internal locus of control, which can work successfully both as a team member and independently, which can adequately estimate their capabilities and make right decisions in situations of uncertainty and risk. The differences between groups of traditional and social entrepreneurs in such factors as «Openness» according to the Big 5 Personality Traits, «Сreative tendency», «Calculated risk-taking», «Internal locus of control» according to the General measure of Enterprising Tendency (GET) test, as well as according to the Balanced Emotional Empathy Test have been detected. Based on these findings one can conclude that a phenomenon of social entrepreneurship is a dynamic process that meets the urgent needs of society, corresponds to individual motives and is determined by the specifics of professional tasks we solve, and therefore by the type of business activity in general.
In: On Complicity and Compromise, S. 150-169
In: Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research; Handbook of Social Movements Across Disciplines, S. 157-204
In: The Oxford Handbook of the Political Economy of International Trade
In: MTZ worldwide, Band 80, Heft 1, S. 26-29
ISSN: 2192-9114
China has both mandatory and voluntary individual account pensions that are provided through the government. The experience of China makes a particularly interesting case study concerning the functioning of individual accounts in that its mandatory individual accounts have been defunded to pay for benefits in the associated pay-as-you-go system, while its voluntary individual accounts are fully funded. This paper examines three questions. First, it analyses why the mandatory individual accounts have become defunded and converted largely to notional accounts generally holding little in financial assets, while the voluntary accounts have been fully funded. Second, it examines the merits of funding versus pay-as-you-go financing of pensions in the context of China's economic and demographic situation. Third, it discusses a policy change to insure the sustainability of financing for the defunded individual accounts. The experience of China, with its two types of individual accounts, and with different outcomes for those accounts, may provide lessons for other countries.
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