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IN A SENSE RUSSIAN INDUSTRIALISTS WERE MUCH CLOSER TO THE vital centre of the Revolution of 1905 than any of the intelligentsia opposition; their workers, after all, were out on strike; and it was their private interests which were most directly and most seriously touched by the disturbances. Traditionally passive on political issues, Russian businessmen were catapulted into the ranks of the liberal opposition by the strike movement which rocked Russian industrial centies in 1905. The labour crisis goaded business men into examining government policy towards labour and capital; business groups then broadened their perspective and considered Russian society and the economy as a whole; finally, they injected political terms into the issues and echoed the pleas for constitutional reform and the extension of civil liberties so long championed by the libecal intelligentsia.

French dirigisme is so obvions that it is seldom discussed either by its actors or in the literature. A systematic empirical study of industrial public policies nevertheless shows that, except in the case of the " grand projects "for which a state which disregards rules mobilizes procurement, research, finance and public enterprise in the service of sovereignty objectives, industriel policies assist corporate strategies or seek to contribute to civil peace. Historical analysis does not invalidate this finding ; it reveals contrasting patterns of state jindustry relations in which the économic administration acts on the environment of the company more than it weighs on the sectoral orientations of the actors. The partially autonomous logic of industrialist rhetoric thus becomes a topic for study. ; Le dirigisme économique français relève de ces évidences peu discutées aussi bien par les acteurs que dans la littérature. Pourtant, une étude empirique systématique des politiques publiques industrielles montre que, hors le cas des « grands projets » où sont mobilisés par un Etat de passe-droit la commande, la recherche, le financement et l'entreprise publics au service d'objectifs de souveraineté, les politiques industrielles relèvent en fait de l'accompagnement de stratégies d'entreprises ou de la recherche de la paix civile. La mise en perspective historique n'infirme pas ce résultat, elle révèle des configurations contrastéesde relations Etat-Industrie où l'administration économique agit davantage sur l'environnement de l'entreprise qu'elle ne pèse sur les orientations sectorielles des acteurs. Dès lors, la logique partiellement autonome de la rhétorique industrialiste devient objet d'étude.

French dirigisme is so obvions that it is seldom discussed either by its actors or in the literature. A systematic empirical study of industrial public policies nevertheless shows that, except in the case of the " grand projects "for which a state which disregards rules mobilizes procurement, research, finance and public enterprise in the service of sovereignty objectives, industriel policies assist corporate strategies or seek to contribute to civil peace. Historical analysis does not invalidate this finding ; it reveals contrasting patterns of state jindustry relations in which the économic administration acts on the environment of the company more than it weighs on the sectoral orientations of the actors. The partially autonomous logic of industrialist rhetoric thus becomes a topic for study. ; Le dirigisme économique français relève de ces évidences peu discutées aussi bien par les acteurs que dans la littérature. Pourtant, une étude empirique systématique des politiques publiques industrielles montre que, hors le cas des « grands projets » où sont mobilisés par un Etat de passe-droit la commande, la recherche, le financement et l'entreprise publics au service d'objectifs de souveraineté, les politiques industrielles relèvent en fait de l'accompagnement de stratégies d'entreprises ou de la recherche de la paix civile. La mise en perspective historique n'infirme pas ce résultat, elle révèle des configurations contrastéesde relations Etat-Industrie où l'administration économique agit davantage sur l'environnement de l'entreprise qu'elle ne pèse sur les orientations sectorielles des acteurs. Dès lors, la logique partiellement autonome de la rhétorique industrialiste devient objet d'étude.

Industrialist Andrew Carnegie achieved great financial success in the steel industry in nineteenth-century America. An immigrant from Scotland, Carnegie came to America as a boy and worked hard to become one of the wealthiest men in the world. After retiring from the steel industry, he gave his fortune away, believing the wealthy had an obligation to those less fortunate. Students will follow Carnegie's rags-to-riches story, learning about the industrialization of America and Carnegie's most influential works and achievements. They will also learn of Carnegie's business strategies, how he overcame obstacles and criticism, and his philanthropic work that continues through many institutes and organizations today.

"Important study of business elites and their attitudes toward democratization in 1980s is based heavily on personal interviews with leading industrialists. Finds that many of the incentives that led these actors to support the coup of 1964 have changed or disappeared. Offers a worthwhile glimpse into the thinking of these elites"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant who rose from humble roots to become one of the most powerful and wealthy businessmen in the United States, with a steel empire that dwarfed all its competitors. Highlighting Carnegie's determination to succeed, author Zachary Kent shows how Carnegie, after becoming one of the wealthiest men in the world, gave away most of his fortune to philanthropic causes, building libraries and such famous landmarks as Carnegie Hall in New York City