Suchergebnisse

La presente ricerca si propone di esaminare come e in quale misura l'Unione Europea abbia influenzato l'evoluzione e i contenuti delle politiche attive per il lavoro volte alla riqualificazione dei lavoratori. Uno sguardo più attento sarà dedicato alle misure messe in atto nell'attuale fase industriale, la cosiddetta Quarta Rivoluzione Industriale. Il termine "Industria 4.0" o "Industrializzazione 4.0" connota, infatti, una nuova fase della produzione industriale caratterizzata prevalentemente da una crescente integrazione delle macchine connesse a Internet nei processi industriali. Come tutte le rivoluzioni industriali, anche quella contemporanea coinvolgerà il mondo del lavoro e a rendersi sempre più acceso è il dibattito sulle qualifiche necessarie ai lavoratori o alle persone in cerca di occupazione per rimanere al passo con le continue evoluzioni e richieste del mercato del lavoro. Sebbene la competenza nel settore dell'occupazione sia statale, si è assistito a un progressivo incremento, in particolare dal lancio della Strategia Europea per l'Occupazione (SEO), dell'influenza esercitata dall'Unione Europea nei processi di elaborazione delle normative e dei programmi nazionali, attuata in prevalenza mediante l'utilizzo dei cosiddetti strumenti di "soft law". Partendo dal lancio della SEO del 1997, si analizzeranno il contesto europeo di riferimento e il percorso che ha condotto ai più recenti interventi in materia di politiche attive per il lavoro. Si proseguirà poi con l'analisi delle misure per la riqualificazione professionale elaborate nei tre Paesi considerati: Austria, Germania e Italia di cui si indagheranno caratteristiche e peculiarità, cercando di individuarne analogie e possibili, e talvolta auspicabili, evoluzioni. ; The following analysis intends to examine how and in which way the European Union has influenced the evolution and the contents of the national active labour market policies aiming at reskilling employed or unemployed people. A special focus will be devoted to the measures put in place in the contemporary industrial phase, the so called "Fourth Industrial Revolution". The term "Industrialization 4.0" or "Industry 4.0" indicates a new era in the industrial production mainly caracterized by an increasing integration of Internet-connected machines in the industrial processes. As well as all the previous industrial revolutions, also the contemporary one will concern the world of work. In particular, the debate on the needed workforce's skills is recently intensified because the most industrialized States are becoming aware of the great chance for the economy and for the labour markets respresented by Industry 4.0. Although the competence in the employment field is national, it has been steady the increase of the EU's influence, mainly put in place through the so called "soft law" instruments, in the processes aiming at developing national legislations and programs. Starting from the European Employment Strategy (EES) of 1997 will be analyzed the European context and the most recent actions concerning the active labour market policies. The following part will be focused on the measures for the professional re-skilling developed in the three Countries considered: Austria, Germany and Italy. It will be investigated their characteristics and possible, and sometimes desirable, developments.

In Sicilia lo strumento principale che ha caratterizzato le modalità d'intervento dei poteri pubblici in economia è stato quello della partecipazione diretta o indiretta, quello cioè della Regione che si propone come ente fautore del sostegno allo sviluppo dell'industria e successivamente come soggetto imprenditore. Le formule organizzative attraverso le quali si è concretizzato l'intervento regionale in economia furono la società per azioni a partecipazione regionale, l'azienda autonoma regionale e l'ente pubblico regionale1. La storia dello sviluppo economico siciliano nel secondo dopoguerra conferma come il ricorso allo strumento dell'ente pubblico economico sia stato molto frequente nella realtà locale come, peraltro, anche in altre Regioni d'Italia. Tracce, queste, di una vicenda storica che intuiamo subito avere complesse implicazioni tali da generare la necessità di interrogarsi sul modo nel quale le istituzioni politiche hanno influito sulle dinamiche economiche siciliane nel secondo dopoguerra; per quanto noti e approfonditi siano stati infatti gli elementi caratterizzanti e i percorsi peculiari dello sviluppo economico siciliano, rimangono scarsamente approfonditi il tenore dei rapporti e i nessi politici, istituzionali ed economici tra centro e periferia, in altre parole rimane ancora parzialmente inesplorata quella parte dell'indagine inerente l'evoluzione dei processi di industrializzazione della Sicilia nel secondo dopoguerra attuata parallelamente dalle autorità regionali e dallo Stato attraverso i loro enti e strumenti. È lecito chiedersi quali siano stati i tempi, le modalità, gli ostacoli e gli eventuali risultati delle azioni di pianificazione intraprese dai poteri pubblici centrali e regionali nella prospettiva dello sviluppo economico del territorio; il coordinamento delle azioni di promozione del progresso industriale si presentava in tal senso, sin dall'inizio, come una delle sfide fondamentali per un adeguato e consistente rilancio economico delle aree più arretrate del Mezzogiorno italiano; ecco che lo studio dei provvedimenti legislativi emanati rappresenta un approfondimento indispensabile e obiettivo primario di questo lavoro. ; In Sicily, the main tool that has characterized the mode of action of the public authorities in the economy has been the direct or indirect holding, that of the region which is proposed as an advocate organization to support the development of industry and later as an entrepreneur subject. The organizational form through which the intervention took the form of regional economy were the corporation to regional participation, the company and the autonomous regional public regional entity. The history of economic development in the post-war Sicilian confirms that the use of the economic instrument of the public powers has been very common in the local as, moreover, also in other regions of Italy. Traces of these, a historical event that we immediately have complex implications that would generate the need to research the way in which political institutions have an impact on the economic dynamics of Sicily after World War II, to the extent known and depth were in fact the key features and Sicilian peculiar paths of economic development remain poorly detailed content of the reports and the links political, institutional and economic relations between center and periphery, in other words that still remains partially unexplored part of the investigation concerning the evolution of the processes of industrialization of Sicily in the second postwar implemented in parallel by the regional authorities and the State through their bodies and instruments. You might be wondering what were the times, methods, obstacles and possible results of planning actions taken by the public authorities in the central and regional perspective of economic development of the territory, the coordination of measures to promote industrial progress is presented in this sense, from the outset, as one of the key challenges for an adequate and substantial economic recovery in less developed areas of Southern Italian.

Industrialization is the only way to achieve the development of the productive forces required for the opening of a more advanced historical phase, but industrialization is also the historical constitutive model of western capitalism. Marx and Engels never had nostalgia about past times, and least of all about a hypothetical peaceful state of nature, but always looked forward starting from their own times. Following this line of thinking, we will refer to Hegel's Philosophy of Right for some observations on the nature of labor and its progressive mechanization; and will refer to Marx and Engels (Communist Manifesto; Capital; Grundrisse) for a discussion on industrialization and progress, in order to understand the huge challenge the October Revolution faced but also our contemporary philosophical and political horizon. Keywords: Industrialization; October Revolution; Technology; Marx; Hegel.

The thesis has been an historical reading of Taiwan industralization and of the formation of its labour movement. The research question was based on the evidence that the labour movement has been weak. The intention of the research was to understand why, by focusing the attention on the fragmentation of labour produced by the Taiwanese export oriented mode of industrialization. Taiwan's capitalist industrialization can be examined through an historical approach of state–society relations under the Gramsci model of historical analysis expressed on Notebook 25 "On the Margins of History, History of the Subaltern Groups". Gramsci assumed that labour history is a disaggregated function of civil society's history and of its relation with the state. To interpret the history of Taiwan labour through this kind of approach, it is necessary, according to the model, to understand the pre-capitalist mentality and social dynamics characterised by the so called guanxi (informal social networks), a typical aspects of Confucian societies. Industrialization installed on the top of this pre-existing social base that became the foundation of Taiwanese labour-state-capital relations. Guanxi in Taiwanese capitalist industrial society create such a strong hegemonic alliance between state and capital that constrained labour in a cage, preventing any autonomous initiative and reaction of workers. Thus, the movement was born as a tool of party politics and was directed by both the ruling party (KMT) and the opposition party (DPP). As a conclusion, labour movement in Taiwan rather than being a workers' way of affirming their interests, it has been a strategy of capital to affirm its hegemony.

The research work was inserted in a historiographical context, that of the island's political history after World War II, which is still partially incomplete. The events of political parties and movements in Sardinia, in fact, have been the subject of specialist studies only in recent years, works that have allowed a more precise knowledge of the political, social and economic reality of the island after World War II. It is from these premises that the research project "For a total regeneration of the island" comes into play. The Sardinian Action Party and its political and organizational revival (1943-1969), aimed at the reconstruction and evolution of the Psd'a through unpublished documentary sources made available today and preserved at the headquarters of the Sardinia Foundation in Cagliari (this documentary heritage is recently declared by the Archival Superintendency of Sardinia of particularly important historical interest). The archive is made up of various collections, three of which, the Sardinian Action Party, Pietro Melis and Giovanni Battista Melis funds, were at the center of the research project. The unpublished documentation, together with that preserved in the state archives of Cagliari and Nuoro - fundamental for the framing of the events in the wider Sardinian social, economic and cultural context - has allowed a precise reconstruction of the political evolution of the party since its reconstitution in the postwar years to those of the start of the Renaissance Plan, an important economic season that marked the start of the industrialization process of Sardinia. Attention was focused on various aspects: the relationship between PSDA and leftist parties; the ability to disseminate and be rooted in the territory; the political organization and the guidelines of the party, thanks to the precise reports and minutes of the regional congresses. Particular importance was given to the industrialization process of Sardinia, which hit the island coinciding with the decade of Pietro Melis at the helm of the craft and industry department (1955-1965); Melis, a leading exponent of the PSDA, was in fact also one of the undisputed protagonists of the start of the industrialization process and of the economic and social revitalization of the Sardinian region.

The machine tool industry is still of great importance in Piedmont. Its origin dates back to the mid-nineteenth century when the process of industrialization began in Piedmont, too, lagging behind other countries. This working paper analyzes the birth of the first factories in Turin, the role played by military establishments and the expansion of railways. In the early 1900s and after the First World War, the automotive industry led the next development. In Turin, the machine tool factories are concentrated in a restricted area with district features. Other development poles are in the provinces of Novara and Alessandria. Between the two World Wars, the technological delay against United States and Germany continues and high import dependency remains, despite internal development.

I sistemi agroforestali tradizionali sono in declino in Europa, probabilmente a causa dei processi di industrializzazione e la meccanizzazione dell'agricoltura. Tuttavia negli ultimi dieci anni la ricerca ha dimostrato l'efficienza ambientale ed economica dei sistemi agroforestali innovativi, specialmente quelli che mirano ad una maggiore produzione di legname e di biomasse per l'energia. Sembra necessaria un'appropriata politica a supporto dell'agroforestry come perfetto sistema di uso del suolo in vaste aree rurali. - The paper reports on the decline of traditional agroforestry systems in Europe, mainly because of the industrialization process and the mechanization of agriculture. Nevertheless, since the last decade, research has proved ecological and economic efficiency of innovative agroforestry systems, especially those aimed to produce high timber production and biomass for energy. It appears necessary a proper political and institutional recognition and support of agroforestry as suitable land use systems in wide rural areas.

The reproduction of capitalist relationships is the real object of Foucault's genealogies of biopolitics. In the first European industrialization, capitalist power has fought an unbroken social war against proletarian workforce, spreading its hegemony through disciplinary devices. The latest applications of this discipline on proletarian bodies have been counterbalanced by several forms of popular antagonism (labor refusal, irregularity, waste, sexual disorder…), to combat which capitalism has spread its "microfisic powers" in modern society. Hindering bourgeois exploitation, class struggles also forced capitalism to manage workforce as a biopolitical matter. It's the phase of the hegemonic paradigm ("master's discourse"), overcome in the Seventies by a new neoliberal biopolitical discourse, whose aim is the reproduction of workforce through competition, systematic production of inequality, subjectivisation processes. This new mode of production, government, and reproduction of workforce ultimately leads to a transformation of class struggles, which nowadays appear as unforeseeable forms of resistance to neo-liberal biopolitical government and its compelling and objectivating power.Keyswords: Foucault; Workforce; Class struggle; Biopolitcs; Hegemony.

Nei primi anni Sessanta le politiche nazionali e regionali di sviluppo della Sicilia puntano sulla industrializzazione per risolvere le sue criticità economiche e sociali. Questa scelta si concretizzerà nella costruzione di grandi insediamenti industriali petrolchimici, che trasformano profondamente la vita (economica, sociale e ambientale) dei territori e dei lavoratori impegnati nelle nuove attività. Tra gli anni Sessanta e Settanta gli studi antropologici italiani manifestano una chiara disattenzione verso queste trasformazioni, per ragioni ideologiche ed accademiche legate al dibattito interno tra gli studiosi, che vedrà il prevalere di coloro che si orienteranno a indagare esclusivamente la "cultura popolare" diventata l'archetipo del mondo subalterno in contrapposizione all'avanzare egemonico della modernità, lasciando l'analisi della componente moderna della subalternità, la classe operaia otto-novecentesca, soprattutto agli studi storici e sociologici.Nel ripensare questa influente e duratura prospettiva teorica degli studi antropologici italiani (e mediterraneisti), il contributo focalizza l'attenzione etnografica sull'industrializzazione e deindustrializzazione della città siciliana di Gela, profondamente segnata dallo "sviluppo senza autonomia". Un contesto urbano economico-sociale e ambientale fortemente degradato, da cui in questi ultimi anni sono emersi tre diversi orientamenti futuri: l'orientamento industrialista rivestito dall'aura magica della sostenibilità sostenuto soprattutto dall'Eni; quello ecologico-politico del nuovo ambientalismo della Lipu e quello patrimoniale sostenuto da una recentissima iniziativa associativa vicino all'Eni. In the early Sixties, national and regional development policies in Sicily focused on industrialization to solve its economic and social problems. This choice will be realized in the construction of large petrochemical industrial settlements, which will profoundly transform the life (economic, social and environmental) of the territories and the workers involved in the new activities. Between the Sixties and Seventies, Italian anthropological studies showed an evident inattention to these transformations, for ideological and academic reasons linked to the internal debate among scholars, which saw the prevalence of those who oriented themselves to investigate the "folk culture" exclusively. "Folklore" had become the archetype of the subordinate world as opposed to the hegemonic advance of modernity, leaving the analysis of a new component of the subordinate, the working class of the 19th and 20th century, to historical and sociological studies.Rethinking this influential and lasting theoretical perspective of Italian (and the Mediterranean) anthropological studies, the paper focuses ethnographic attention on the industrialization and deindustrialization of the Sicilian city of Gela, deeply marked by "development without autonomy". A strongly degraded economic-social and urban environmental context, from which in recent years three different future orientations have emerged: the industrialist orientation covered by the magical aura of sustainability supported above all by Eni; the ecological-political one of the new environmentalism of Lipu and the patrimonial one supported by a very recent associative initiative near Eni.

In the late nineteenth century Populism was a major feature of US politics and society. It originated as an agrarian revolt born in response to the crisis of American agriculture vis-à-vis industrialization and the opening of global markets for agricultural products. The ensuing Populist movement involved millions of farmers in the Southern and Mid-Western rural areas hit by the crisis and it spilled over into local and national elections, eventually spreading to other regions and including sections of the emerging middle class, thus posing a formidable challenge to the established two-party system. Though it ultimately failed to bring about an electoral realignment, its influence was nonetheless significant and long-lasting. The Populists instigated political and economic reforms for decades to come while actively partaking in the cultural transformations of the time. Populism, however, generated a culture that was both forward- and backward looking, and as it continued to affect politics over the course of the twentieth and early twenty-first century, its majoritarian impulse inspired new forms of democratic inclusion as well as threats to minorities and republican institutions. This complex phenomenon and its many ramifications have engaged generations of historians, whose political sensibilities changed as events unfolded and scholarly research proceeded. At a time when Populism has once occupied center stage in America, it is worth looking back at its origins and pondering how the historiography has tried to make sense of it.

Haliç (The Golden Horn) is a mythical place that belongs not only to the history of Istanbul but to the whole of Europe. At Haliç land and sea merge: the natural harbour of ancient Constantinople, home to the naval arsenal and place of delights, it saw its natural and urban state change completely in the final phases of the Ottoman Empire. Its recent history has been marked by a process of intense industrialization, developing uncontrollably on its banks between the 19th and 20th centuries. Its importance as a production centre -the country's most important industrial area – grew in time in parallel with pollution levels in the surrounding environment. The climax of this process of transformation took place in the first decades after World War II when, due to heavy industrial pollution and the saturation of coastal spaces, Haliç became the productive heart but also the most run-down and densely populated urban area of the city. The history of the subsequent redevelopment of Haliç is fairly well known, having been the subject of numerous essays describing its socio-economic, cultural and political development. Less attention, despite the many publications on the subject, has been devoted to the analysis of this extensive process of de-industrialization and renewal from the point of view of architectural and urban design. The purpose of this essay is to contribute to the debate from this point of view, briefly reconstructing the major changes taking place in the urban landscape and updating the overview of critical reflection on the current urban situation, analyzed through some of the most important interventions carried out in recent years and the changes they induced. ; Haliç (il Corno d'Oro) è un luogo mitico che appartiene non soltanto alla storia di Istanbul ma a quella dell'intera Europa. Ad Haliç terra e mare si fondono insieme: approdo naturale dell'antica Costantinopoli, sede dell'arsenale marittimo e luogo di delizie, esso ha visto mutare completamente la propria condizione naturale ed urbana nelle ultime fasi di vita dell'impero ottomano. La sua storia più recente è segnata, infatti, da un processo di intensa industrializzazione sviluppatosi impetuosamente sulle sue sponde fra '800 e '900. L'incremento della sua importanza come centro produttivo –il primo distretto industriale del paese- è cresciuto nel tempo di pari passo con il livello di degrado prodotto sull'ambiente circostante. L'acme di questo processo di trasformazione si colloca nei primi decenni del secondo dopoguerra quando, a causa del forte inquinamento industriale e della saturazione di ogni spazio costiero, Haliç diviene il cuore produttivo ma anche l'area urbana forse più densa e degradata dell'intera città. La storia della successiva riqualificazione di Haliç è abbastanza nota, per essere giÀ stata oggetto di numerosi saggi che ne hanno descritti i diversi aspetti riguardanti lo sviluppo socio-economico, culturale e politico. Minore attenzione è stata invece dedicata, nonostante i molti contributi prodotti sul tema, all'analisi di questo esteso processo di de-industrializzazione e riqualificazione dal punto di vista della progettazione architettonica e urbana. Scopo di questo saggio è intervenire nel dibattito da questo punto di vista, ricostruendo per sommi capi le principali mutazioni avvenute nel tempo e aggiornando il panorama della riflessione critica allo stato attuale della situazione urbana, attraverso l'analisi di alcuni dei più rilevanti interventi di recupero realizzati in questi ultimi anni e delle trasformazioni da essi indotti.

In questo lavoro, con un carattere originale ed innovativo, si è voluto analizzare una porzione del territorio del Comune di Pomezia (Rm) acquisita attraverso dati telerilevati, con un volo MIVIS (Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer) ad una quota di 1.500 metri. Infatti, l'elevata risoluzione spettrale e la buona risoluzione spaziale, del sensore MIVIS permette di fornire informazioni uniche, per lo studio e la comprensione di realtà complesse e diversificate come appunto le aree antropizzate. Lo studio è rivolto alla città di Pomezia, una Città di Fondazione, che nel corso dei suoi oltre 70 anni di vita, ha visto in breve tempo cambiare la sua storia, passando da borgo rurale a centro industriale del Lazio. Questo in virtù sia della sua vicinanza con Roma, che con l'inclusione del suo territorio nelle politiche di sviluppo economico della Cassa del Mezzogiorno. Tutto ciò ha comportato una forte industrializzazione fino agli anni '90, che ha visto crescere le aree industriali e l'area urbana in tempi rapidi ed in assenza, o quasi, di pianificazione, a cui è seguito un progressivo processo di deindustrializzazione, tutt'ora in corso. L'elaborazione dei dati MIVIS, ottenuta con la classificazione, ha permesso di realizzare un riconoscimento spaziale e spettrale di elementi e materiali presenti al suolo, con una buona scala di dettaglio. Inoltre, attraverso le informazioni statistiche, sono state tratte osservazioni e considerazioni sull'evoluzione del territorio, evidenziando aspetti ambientali come il consumo e impermeabilizzazione del suolo, un fenomeno irreversibile, legato alla progressiva ed incontrollata espansione della città, e delle aree industriali limitrofe. Un grave problema ambientale che comporta la perdita di superfici agricole con conseguenze sulla biodiversità e qualità paesaggistica, determinano la dissipazione della risorsa suolo destinata a tradursi in grave limite per l'ambiente e per il suo futuro. ; This paper is aimed at investigating, in an original and innovative manner, a portion of the territory of the Municipality of Pomezia (Rome) by means of remotely sensed data. The airborne MIVIS (Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer) imagery was acquired from an altitude of 1 500 m. In fact, the high spectral and good spatial resolution of the MIVIS sensor allowed to provide important information helping us study and better understand complex and diversified situations, such as anthropized areas. The site taken into consideration for this study belongs to the city of Pomezia. Founded more than 70 years ago, Pomezia, originated as rural suburb, has become an important industrial district of Lazio Region territory thanks to its location near Rome and to the fund for the development of Southern Italy. This led to a massive industrialization up to the 90s, a period when industrial activities and urban areas evolved very rapidly without, or in part without, a urban planning followed by a progressive de-industrialization process which is still under way. MIVIS data processing technique, through the classification of objects and materials within urban areas, allowed us to discriminate, with a good level of detail, the distribution of the different spectral classes. Moreover, from a first reading of the View Statistics Files, we can deduce considerations on the evolution of the territory, emphasizing some important environmental aspects, such as the diffuse waterproofing of soils. In fact, we can notice a situation of messy urban and industrial areas growth with high percentages of waterproofed surfaces that are impossible or difficult to reverse. This is a serious environmental issue which led to the loss of vegetation surfaces, increasing negative effects both on the biodiversity and landscape quality which bring about the dissipation of valuable resources, such as the soil, that will represent a serious concern for the environment in the future.

In questo lavoro, con un carattere originale ed innovativo, si è voluto analizzare una porzione del territorio del Comune di Pomezia (Rm) acquisita attraverso dati telerilevati, con un volo MIVIS (Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer) ad una quota di 1.500 metri. Infatti, l'elevata risoluzione spettrale e la buona risoluzione spaziale, del sensore MIVIS permette di fornire informazioni uniche, per lo studio e la comprensione di realtà complesse e diversificate come appunto le aree antropizzate. Lo studio è rivolto alla città di Pomezia, una Città di Fondazione, che nel corso dei suoi oltre 70 anni di vita, ha visto in breve tempo cambiare la sua storia, passando da borgo rurale a centro industriale del Lazio. Questo in virtù sia della sua vicinanza con Roma, che con l'inclusione del suo territorio nelle politiche di sviluppo economico della Cassa del Mezzogiorno. Tutto ciò ha comportato una forte industrializzazione fino agli anni '90, che ha visto crescere le aree industriali e l'area urbana in tempi rapidi ed in assenza, o quasi, di pianificazione, a cui è seguito un progressivo processo di deindustrializzazione, tutt'ora in corso. L'elaborazione dei dati MIVIS, ottenuta con la classificazione, ha permesso di realizzare un riconoscimento spaziale e spettrale di elementi e materiali presenti al suolo, con una buona scala di dettaglio. Inoltre, attraverso le informazioni statistiche, sono state tratte osservazioni e considerazioni sull'evoluzione del territorio, evidenziando aspetti ambientali come il consumo e impermeabilizzazione del suolo, un fenomeno irreversibile, legato alla progressiva ed incontrollata espansione della città, e delle aree industriali limitrofe. Un grave problema ambientale che comporta la perdita di superfici agricole con conseguenze sulla biodiversità e qualità paesaggistica, determinano la dissipazione della risorsa suolo destinata a tradursi in grave limite per l'ambiente e per il suo futuro. ; This paper is aimed at investigating, in an original and innovative manner, a portion of the territory of the Municipality of Pomezia (Rome) by means of remotely sensed data. The airborne MIVIS (Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer) imagery was acquired from an altitude of 1 500 m. In fact, the high spectral and good spatial resolution of the MIVIS sensor allowed to provide important information helping us study and better understand complex and diversified situations, such as anthropized areas. The site taken into consideration for this study belongs to the city of Pomezia. Founded more than 70 years ago, Pomezia, originated as rural suburb, has become an important industrial district of Lazio Region territory thanks to its location near Rome and to the fund for the development of Southern Italy. This led to a massive industrialization up to the 90s, a period when industrial activities and urban areas evolved very rapidly without, or in part without, a urban planning followed by a progressive de-industrialization process which is still under way. MIVIS data processing technique, through the classification of objects and materials within urban areas, allowed us to discriminate, with a good level of detail, the distribution of the different spectral classes. Moreover, from a first reading of the View Statistics Files, we can deduce considerations on the evolution of the territory, emphasizing some important environmental aspects, such as the diffuse waterproofing of soils. In fact, we can notice a situation of messy urban and industrial areas growth with high percentages of waterproofed surfaces that are impossible or difficult to reverse. This is a serious environmental issue which led to the loss of vegetation surfaces, increasing negative effects both on the biodiversity and landscape quality which bring about the dissipation of valuable resources, such as the soil, that will represent a serious concern for the environment in the future.

In light of the challenges that all cities face today, food is offered as a prism through which to read and intervene on various areas that affect the quality of life of the population: circular economy, urban metabolism, social relations, economies, and food quality. In the Roman context, in recent years, numerous initiatives have revitalized the debate on food and brought the discussion to the center of the interest of an ever-increasing number of citizens. However, these experiences appear unrelated and there is a lack of coordination and political coherence. Faced with this evidence, starting from a territorial analysis, this contribution analyzes the process that led a local group of stakeholders to formulate a proposal for a food policy for the city of Rome. The proposal contains a series of possible actions that aim, on the one hand, to recompose the relations between the city and its territory, with a view to re-localization and re-territorialization of agro-food productions and, on the other hand, to reconnect the economic and social relations that the industrialization of food chains has compromised. The network analysis of the bottom-up process, which mainly investigates networking and negotiation skills between various interests, is carried out and related to a careful analysis of the food system in the Roman context. Furthermore, an overview of the state of the art of urban food policies in Italy has been provided to better contextualize the study case. The findings show actors and topics involved in the process, identifying further development towards a more comprehensive participatory process for a systemic food strategy at the metropolitan level.

Sociology of work in Italy revived at the end of WWII, after thirty years of forced oblivion. This thesis examines the history of discipline by considering three paths that it followed from its revival up to its institutionalization: the influence of the productivity drive, the role of trade unions and the activity of early young researchers. European Productivity Agency's Italian office Comitato Nazionale per la Produttività propagandised studies on management and on the effects of the industrialization on work and society. Academicians, technicians, psychologists who worked for CNP started rethinking sociology of work, but the managerial use of sociology was unacceptable for both trade unions and young researchers. So "free union†CISL created a School in Florence with an eager attention to social sciences as a medium to become a new model union, while Marxist CGIL, despite its ideological aversion to sociology, finally accepted the social sciences lexicon in order to explain the work changes and to resist against the employers' association offensive. On the other hand, political and social engagement led a first generation of sociologists to study social phenomenon in the recently industrialized Italy by using the sociological analysis. Finally, the thesis investigate the cultural transfers from France, whose industrial sociology (sociologie du travail) was considered as a reference in continental Europe. Nearby the wide importance of French sociologie, financially aided by planning institutions in order to employ it in the industrial reconstruction, other minor experiences such as the social surveys accomplished by worker-priests in the suburbs of industrial cities and the heterodox Marxism of the review "Socialisme ou Barbarie†influenced Italian sociology of work.