Suchergebnisse

Many scientists in their papers consider interrelation between advertising and society only from standpoint of advertising's influence. They see advertising as a factor of fashion-making and molding norms of behavior. In this article we will analyze relashionships of brands and society from the viewpoint of brands' adaptation to demands and features of society.

This article assesses the impact of sovereign countries in global financial governance. It uses the methodology of international political economy that studies the interaction between political and economic processes in the international arena. It shows the dualistic nature of international financial institutions, which, on the one hand, represent intergovernmental organizations and, on the other hand, are financial institutions with financial goals. The author investigates the principles of sovereign equality, equitable geographical representation and equal (parity) representation of groups of countries with distinct interests in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Group of 20 (G20) and Financial Stability Board (FSB). The IMF's decision-making mechanism is shown in detail, including its executive board and the recent redistribution of quotas among member states, with special attention on the formula for calculating quotas, its criticism and possible reform. The article shows the major causes of reducing the impact of the IMF and the formation of a new, globally distributed system of financial governance. The article shows the hierarchy (by function as well as by country representativeness) of the system of global financial governance, established by 2010. It discusses the leadership of countries according to quantity and to key indicators (revenues, assets and market capitalization) of global systemically important financial institutions (banks and insurance company). Based on countries' membership in the G7 and the G20, the FSB, IMF, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and Bank for International Settlements countries are designated as at the core, semi-periphery or periphery of the international financial system in the context of the world systems theory. The influence of the technical elite, prevailing in the international financial sector, as well as the qualitative composition (education) of its members are revealed. The article concludes that there is significant polarization in the international financial system (core and the socalled marginal majority). Unlike the IMF, the newly created global financial institutions of the G20 and FSB fully comply with the principles of equitable geographical representation and parity representation of states with distinct interests.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia actively borrowed Western-primarily European-legal and bureaucratic practices. Now that the European path appears to be closed off entirely, the Middle East is fast emerging as an alternative route.

The article examines the influence of V.S. Solovyov on the writers and poets of the Silver age. On the material of the works of Solovyov, related to the «сhinese theme»: the articles «Russia and Europe», «China and Europe», «Japan», «The enemy from the East»; the review of the first volume of works by E.E. Ukhtomsky; the poems «Panmongolizm» and «Dragon»;the tractate «The three conversations about war, progress and the end of world history»; the letter «About the recent events», – is evaluated his influence on D.S. Merezhkovsky's articles: «Yellow-faced positivists», «The coming ham», V.I. Ivanov's articles «Russia, England and Asia», «Inspiration of horror», V.M. Doroshevich's story «Goddess», V.V. Veresaev's story «Under the cedars»; «Chinese poems» and the articles of V.J. Bryusov. The political context of the works, the tradition of depicting China in Russian literature, literary and sinological works on this topic are taken into account. The comparative analysis of texts, the coincidence of a number of theoretical positions, and separate definitions and epithets are revealed. The numbers of Solovyov's positions are revealed, which are reflected in the works of Merezhkovsky and Ivanov: materialism and positivism of the Chinese, the «emptiness» of their philosophy, the denial of life and progress, the «yellow danger», the need for the Christianization of China (the last position in Merezhkovsky is not). Doroshevich's story, written at the height of the ikhetuan rebellion («boxer rebellion»), was influenced by the philosopher's eschatological prophecies. The negative image of China in the poetry of V.J. Bryusov is the textual confirmation of the influence of Solovyov, noted by modern literary criticism.

Статья посвящена современным проблемам формирования религиозной толерантности. Анализируются некоторые аспекты религиозной толерантности и межэтнических отношений в Узбекистане.Автор анализирует, механизмы формирования религиозной толерантности связанные со всей системой общественных отношений, с возможностью полноценной реализации конституционно-демократических прав и свобод, с уровнем духовной культуры личности и социума. Проводится анализ условий развития узбекской этноконфессиональной среды, выделяются векторы государственной политики в отношении данного феномена, определяется значение толерантности в отношении существующих конфессий для формирования конструктивного поля диалога.

В исследовании рассматривается взаимосвязь между такими категориями как народонаселение и война, сквозь призму демографических, экономических и социальных аспектов. Основной целью работы является изучение влияния и роли населения на возникновение и развитие внутри и межгосударственных конфликтов.
В статье использован сравнительный метод исследования. С помощью сопоставления двух и более объектов (явлений, идей, результатов исследований, статистики и т.п.), с целью классификации и типологии, в них выделяется общее и различное. В частности, в отношении типологии войн и иных соображений, касающихся ключевых групп населения.
Исследование заставляет задуматься над мыслью о том, могут ли правительства усилить безопасность своих государств, различных регионов и мира в целом за счет ключевых факторов, связанных как с экономическими, так и с демографическими изменениями? Полученные в ходе исследования выводы дают основание ожидать прогресса в использовании населения как важной переменной, которую следует учитывать при подходе к фундаментальным вопросам войны и мира. Показана взаимосвязь между изменением численности населения и возможными войнами, установлено, что непосредственно рост населения теоретически может привести к вооруженному конфликту. Сделано предположение о связи изменения численности населения, лишенного соответствующего экономического роста, с возникновением конфликтов и войн. Отмечено, что в перспективе народонаселение и война станут предметом более интенсивного изучения по причине дальнейшего роста населения в мире, увеличения числа конфликтов, связанных с природными и земельными ресурсами, осмысления мировым сообществом проблемы влияния численности населения на национальную безопасность.

Educational inequality is constantly in the scope of foreign and Russian scientists alike, however there are differences in the way it is interpreted. If we were to consider education as a system, we could acknowledge the existence of inequality in initial educational opportunities (at the system's gateway), as well as inequality in the education process itself (within the system), and inequality of education results (when transitioning from one stage to the next, or when exiting the system). The goal of this study was to determine the specifics of how territorial factor in a specific type of environment influences educational inequality among children. Part of the study was to verify the suggestion that this factor has been increasing its influence in Russia. Empirical data was collected using focus group and expert interview methods. Adult and adolescent participants of the study were asked questions about the interpretation of educational inequality (how it manifests in schooling), determining factors which affect the reproduction of educational inequality, including whether there is a territorial aspect to how it manifests. Study participants described local features in educational inequality, comparing city and village, large and small towns. The logic of comparing large and small settlements can be traced throughout the remarks of informants of all ages. Children spoke more of inequality within the education system, citing examples such as differences in how schools are equipped, varying level of skill among teachers, differences in the amount of cultural-leisure, educational and other facilities in their settlement. Experts also pointed out examples of educational inequality at the system's "gateways" and "exits", while speaking about socio-cultural and financial capital being possible sources for educational inequality, which from an organizational standpoint is considered by the study participants on the level of school – locale – region. The suggestion that territorial factor currently plays an increased role in reproducing educational inequality needs to be further researched utilizing regional statistical data.

Разработана модель влияния информационно-психологических воздействий на боевую готовность подразделений. Модель позволяет: оценивать различные варианты планов проведения мероприятий по контролю уровня боеготовности подразделений при различных стратегиях информационно-психологического воздействия со стороны противника; оптимизировать план проведения мероприятий по контролю уровня боеготовности подразделений и план психологической реабилитации военнослужащих. ; Розроблена модель дії інформаційно-психологічного впливу на бойову готовність підрозділів. Модель дозволяє: оцінювати різні варіанти планів проведення заходів щодо контролю рівня боєготовності підрозділів при різних стратегіях інформаційно-психологічного впливу з боку противника; оптимізувати план проведення заходів щодо контролю рівня боєготовності підрозділів і план психологічної реабілітації військовослужбовців. ; The model of influence of the informatively-psychological affecting is developed alertness of subdivisions. A model allow: to evaluate the different variants of plans of leadthrough of measures on control of level of alertness of subdivisions at different strategies of informatively-psychological influence from the side of opponent; to optimize the plan of leadthrough of measures on control of level of alertness of subdivisions and plan of psychological rehabilitation of military man.

The article reviews the impact made by the COVID-19 novel coronavirus pandemic on informal employment in Russia, where this category comprises a significant segment within the national market for labour. A study is made of the ambivalence in the interpretations of informal employment, an ambivalence that creates difficulties for reaching a quantitative assessment of this phenomenon. As is noted, informal employment has a contradictory dynamic, affected by the influence of the pandemic and by the unevenness of the distribution of this employment about the country's territory. In analysing the reasons for this dynamic, the author singles out both stable and enduring factors linked to the peculiarities of the development of labour relations in Russia, and also factors conditioned by the specific nature of the pandemic crisis. The latter include the lockdown and restriction of economic activity, as well as the measures taken by the state to support business and employment. From a preliminary evaluation of the influence of COVID-19 on the Russian labour market, it may be concluded that the impact of the pandemic on the sphere of labour relations has been ambiguous. On the one hand, this impact may permit a "whitewashing" of the employment picture, while on the other, it may lead to an increase in the flexibility of employment and to its continued deformalisation. The outcome will depend both on the government's social policy, and also on the joint efforts of social partners.

The article analyses the pace of modern reforms carried out in the political system of the country and in the regions of the country, in addition, the systematic relations of changes of key elements in the society. Along with this, there is shown the transformation and liquidation of heritage problems, and from the psychological vice of the past.

Статья посвящена исследованию влияния контекста на семантику слова. В работе проведен анализ различных факторов, которые могут оказывать влияние на значение слова в зависимости от контекста, в котором оно используется. Автор подчеркивает важность понимания связи между словом и его контекстом при анализе текста и взаимодействии с языком. В статье рассмотрена роль лексического и грамматического контекста при определении значения слова. Слово может иметь различные значения в разных контекстах. Например, слово «банк» может означать финансовую организацию или место для сохранения денег, в зависимости от контекста, в котором оно используется. Исследование также обращает внимание на дисамбигуацию, то есть процесс определения значения слова на основе его контекста. В заключение подчеркивается, что понимание контекста является важным аспектом при работе с языком и анализе текста. Исследование влияния контекста на семантику слова помогает лучше понять процесс коммуникации и развивать более точные методы обработки естественного языка.

В статье проанализирована значимость молодежи, так как без такой социальной группы невозможно дальнейшее обеспечение социально-экономического развития общества в целом, создания материальных и духовных благ, развития государства и закрепления устойчивом уровне конкурентоспособности и лидерских позиций на мировой арене. В рамках исследования рассмотрена теоретическая сущность государственной молодежной политики в Российской Федерации, ее роль в развитии общества, основные понятия, нормативно-правовые акты, относящиеся к данному направлению развития государства.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to research on the role of elite networks in democracies. The specific research topic is an attempt to measure (for the first time) the influence of different elite networks on U.S. government administrations from 1901 to 2021. The strategy is based on the identification of U.S. government officials, who were also members of secret elite networks during their time in office. To this end, each government position received an influence value based on its importance. If an official in this position was also a member of an elite network, then the influence of the position is counted towards the influence of the network. The total influence of a network is divided by the total influence of all government positions in order to receive its relative influence score in a given administration. The results show that Freemasons had a strong influence on most U.S. governments until 1953, whereas the Anglo-American Network, with its most prominent arm, the Council on Foreign Relations, became the dominant force from Eisenhower onward. Only Nixon's first cabinet and Donald Trump constituted exceptions thereafter, relying less heavily on this network. The implication of this study is that it is impossible to understand American history or World history in the last 120 years without also analyzing the role and interests of elite networks, given their consistent and surprisingly high level of influence, as revealed by this study.