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Many scientists in their papers consider interrelation between advertising and society only from standpoint of advertising's influence. They see advertising as a factor of fashion-making and molding norms of behavior. In this article we will analyze relashionships of brands and society from the viewpoint of brands' adaptation to demands and features of society.

This article assesses the impact of sovereign countries in global financial governance. It uses the methodology of international political economy that studies the interaction between political and economic processes in the international arena. It shows the dualistic nature of international financial institutions, which, on the one hand, represent intergovernmental organizations and, on the other hand, are financial institutions with financial goals. The author investigates the principles of sovereign equality, equitable geographical representation and equal (parity) representation of groups of countries with distinct interests in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Group of 20 (G20) and Financial Stability Board (FSB). The IMF's decision-making mechanism is shown in detail, including its executive board and the recent redistribution of quotas among member states, with special attention on the formula for calculating quotas, its criticism and possible reform. The article shows the major causes of reducing the impact of the IMF and the formation of a new, globally distributed system of financial governance. The article shows the hierarchy (by function as well as by country representativeness) of the system of global financial governance, established by 2010. It discusses the leadership of countries according to quantity and to key indicators (revenues, assets and market capitalization) of global systemically important financial institutions (banks and insurance company). Based on countries' membership in the G7 and the G20, the FSB, IMF, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and Bank for International Settlements countries are designated as at the core, semi-periphery or periphery of the international financial system in the context of the world systems theory. The influence of the technical elite, prevailing in the international financial sector, as well as the qualitative composition (education) of its members are revealed. The article concludes that there is significant polarization in the international financial system (core and the socalled marginal majority). Unlike the IMF, the newly created global financial institutions of the G20 and FSB fully comply with the principles of equitable geographical representation and parity representation of states with distinct interests.

The article examines the influence of V.S. Solovyov on the writers and poets of the Silver age. On the material of the works of Solovyov, related to the «сhinese theme»: the articles «Russia and Europe», «China and Europe», «Japan», «The enemy from the East»; the review of the first volume of works by E.E. Ukhtomsky; the poems «Panmongolizm» and «Dragon»;the tractate «The three conversations about war, progress and the end of world history»; the letter «About the recent events», – is evaluated his influence on D.S. Merezhkovsky's articles: «Yellow-faced positivists», «The coming ham», V.I. Ivanov's articles «Russia, England and Asia», «Inspiration of horror», V.M. Doroshevich's story «Goddess», V.V. Veresaev's story «Under the cedars»; «Chinese poems» and the articles of V.J. Bryusov. The political context of the works, the tradition of depicting China in Russian literature, literary and sinological works on this topic are taken into account. The comparative analysis of texts, the coincidence of a number of theoretical positions, and separate definitions and epithets are revealed. The numbers of Solovyov's positions are revealed, which are reflected in the works of Merezhkovsky and Ivanov: materialism and positivism of the Chinese, the «emptiness» of their philosophy, the denial of life and progress, the «yellow danger», the need for the Christianization of China (the last position in Merezhkovsky is not). Doroshevich's story, written at the height of the ikhetuan rebellion («boxer rebellion»), was influenced by the philosopher's eschatological prophecies. The negative image of China in the poetry of V.J. Bryusov is the textual confirmation of the influence of Solovyov, noted by modern literary criticism.

Статья посвящена современным проблемам формирования религиозной толерантности. Анализируются некоторые аспекты религиозной толерантности и межэтнических отношений в Узбекистане.Автор анализирует, механизмы формирования религиозной толерантности связанные со всей системой общественных отношений, с возможностью полноценной реализации конституционно-демократических прав и свобод, с уровнем духовной культуры личности и социума. Проводится анализ условий развития узбекской этноконфессиональной среды, выделяются векторы государственной политики в отношении данного феномена, определяется значение толерантности в отношении существующих конфессий для формирования конструктивного поля диалога.

В исследовании рассматривается взаимосвязь между такими категориями как народонаселение и война, сквозь призму демографических, экономических и социальных аспектов. Основной целью работы является изучение влияния и роли населения на возникновение и развитие внутри и межгосударственных конфликтов.
В статье использован сравнительный метод исследования. С помощью сопоставления двух и более объектов (явлений, идей, результатов исследований, статистики и т.п.), с целью классификации и типологии, в них выделяется общее и различное. В частности, в отношении типологии войн и иных соображений, касающихся ключевых групп населения.
Исследование заставляет задуматься над мыслью о том, могут ли правительства усилить безопасность своих государств, различных регионов и мира в целом за счет ключевых факторов, связанных как с экономическими, так и с демографическими изменениями? Полученные в ходе исследования выводы дают основание ожидать прогресса в использовании населения как важной переменной, которую следует учитывать при подходе к фундаментальным вопросам войны и мира. Показана взаимосвязь между изменением численности населения и возможными войнами, установлено, что непосредственно рост населения теоретически может привести к вооруженному конфликту. Сделано предположение о связи изменения численности населения, лишенного соответствующего экономического роста, с возникновением конфликтов и войн. Отмечено, что в перспективе народонаселение и война станут предметом более интенсивного изучения по причине дальнейшего роста населения в мире, увеличения числа конфликтов, связанных с природными и земельными ресурсами, осмысления мировым сообществом проблемы влияния численности населения на национальную безопасность.

Educational inequality is constantly in the scope of foreign and Russian scientists alike, however there are differences in the way it is interpreted. If we were to consider education as a system, we could acknowledge the existence of inequality in initial educational opportunities (at the system's gateway), as well as inequality in the education process itself (within the system), and inequality of education results (when transitioning from one stage to the next, or when exiting the system). The goal of this study was to determine the specifics of how territorial factor in a specific type of environment influences educational inequality among children. Part of the study was to verify the suggestion that this factor has been increasing its influence in Russia. Empirical data was collected using focus group and expert interview methods. Adult and adolescent participants of the study were asked questions about the interpretation of educational inequality (how it manifests in schooling), determining factors which affect the reproduction of educational inequality, including whether there is a territorial aspect to how it manifests. Study participants described local features in educational inequality, comparing city and village, large and small towns. The logic of comparing large and small settlements can be traced throughout the remarks of informants of all ages. Children spoke more of inequality within the education system, citing examples such as differences in how schools are equipped, varying level of skill among teachers, differences in the amount of cultural-leisure, educational and other facilities in their settlement. Experts also pointed out examples of educational inequality at the system's "gateways" and "exits", while speaking about socio-cultural and financial capital being possible sources for educational inequality, which from an organizational standpoint is considered by the study participants on the level of school – locale – region. The suggestion that territorial factor currently plays an increased role in reproducing educational inequality needs to be further researched utilizing regional statistical data.

Разработана модель влияния информационно-психологических воздействий на боевую готовность подразделений. Модель позволяет: оценивать различные варианты планов проведения мероприятий по контролю уровня боеготовности подразделений при различных стратегиях информационно-психологического воздействия со стороны противника; оптимизировать план проведения мероприятий по контролю уровня боеготовности подразделений и план психологической реабилитации военнослужащих. ; Розроблена модель дії інформаційно-психологічного впливу на бойову готовність підрозділів. Модель дозволяє: оцінювати різні варіанти планів проведення заходів щодо контролю рівня боєготовності підрозділів при різних стратегіях інформаційно-психологічного впливу з боку противника; оптимізувати план проведення заходів щодо контролю рівня боєготовності підрозділів і план психологічної реабілітації військовослужбовців. ; The model of influence of the informatively-psychological affecting is developed alertness of subdivisions. A model allow: to evaluate the different variants of plans of leadthrough of measures on control of level of alertness of subdivisions at different strategies of informatively-psychological influence from the side of opponent; to optimize the plan of leadthrough of measures on control of level of alertness of subdivisions and plan of psychological rehabilitation of military man.

The article reviews the impact made by the COVID-19 novel coronavirus pandemic on informal employment in Russia, where this category comprises a significant segment within the national market for labour. A study is made of the ambivalence in the interpretations of informal employment, an ambivalence that creates difficulties for reaching a quantitative assessment of this phenomenon. As is noted, informal employment has a contradictory dynamic, affected by the influence of the pandemic and by the unevenness of the distribution of this employment about the country's territory. In analysing the reasons for this dynamic, the author singles out both stable and enduring factors linked to the peculiarities of the development of labour relations in Russia, and also factors conditioned by the specific nature of the pandemic crisis. The latter include the lockdown and restriction of economic activity, as well as the measures taken by the state to support business and employment. From a preliminary evaluation of the influence of COVID-19 on the Russian labour market, it may be concluded that the impact of the pandemic on the sphere of labour relations has been ambiguous. On the one hand, this impact may permit a "whitewashing" of the employment picture, while on the other, it may lead to an increase in the flexibility of employment and to its continued deformalisation. The outcome will depend both on the government's social policy, and also on the joint efforts of social partners.

The article analyses the pace of modern reforms carried out in the political system of the country and in the regions of the country, in addition, the systematic relations of changes of key elements in the society. Along with this, there is shown the transformation and liquidation of heritage problems, and from the psychological vice of the past.

В статье проанализирована значимость молодежи, так как без такой социальной группы невозможно дальнейшее обеспечение социально-экономического развития общества в целом, создания материальных и духовных благ, развития государства и закрепления устойчивом уровне конкурентоспособности и лидерских позиций на мировой арене. В рамках исследования рассмотрена теоретическая сущность государственной молодежной политики в Российской Федерации, ее роль в развитии общества, основные понятия, нормативно-правовые акты, относящиеся к данному направлению развития государства.

Abstract: The author considers the contemporary state of affairs in international relations in the context of accelerating global trends of world development of the latest decade. In particular, the article deals with the issue of correlation between power and infl uence in foreign policies of great powers, taking into consideration the nuclear factor and current international crises. The author resort to and explains the notions of "supremacy" and "parity" to analyze the on-going transformation of world system and the role of key regional and great powers, including Russia, in this process. The article also proposes the typology of subjects in international interaction, as well as the potential of their infl uence on world political system, whose development scenarios is in the focus of author's attention. ; Аннотация: Данная статья представляет собой размышление автора о современном состоянии международных отношений в контексте развернувшихся в последнее десятилетие глобальных трендов мирового развития. В частности, статья посвящена проблематике соотношения силы и влияния во внешней политике великих держав с учетом ядерного фактора и протекающих международных кризисов. Автор использует и объясняет понятия «превосходство» и «паритет» для оценки современной трансформации мировой системы и места в нем ключевых региональных и великих держав, включая Россию. В статье также приводится классификация субъектов международного взаимодействия, и анализируется потенциал их влияния на мировую политическую систему, о сценариях развития которой и рассуждает автор.

The work on the materials of Russian and foreign studies analyzes the degree and direction of the influence of various external factors. Economic, technological, social, geographic, cultural, linguistic and political factors can be named among the most strongly influencing external factors on the education system at the national and regional level.

This article is based on the results of a sociological study of Saratov's youth, conducted by means of mass survey. Examined are the theoretical approaches towards analyzing patriotism as a social phenomenon based on the notion of its multi-variance. The substantive content of the term "patriotism" is defined to a significant degree by those values which young people appreciate. It is shown that the diversity of value dominants creates seven models of patriotic attitudes: abstract patriotism, traditional, local (including household), liberal, democratic, critical and globalist anti-patriotism. Temporally all of these models shift in different and often times opposite directions. The older one gets – the more "abstract" and "traditional" models of patriotism diminish in terms of their importance, while local and liberal models grow, on the contrary (however, the proportion of household patriotism, which is included into the local category, does decrease). The process of maturing for young people is typically accompanied by a decreasing significance of the anti-patriotic interpretation.

Young people's patriotism usually manifests itself in everyday life, and less commonly in political and celebratory activities. The younger generation takes the utmost pride in our World War 2 victory, as well as the culture and history of their country. The fact that upbringing has the greatest effect on developing patriotism among young people is confirmed. Other influential factors include (in order of diminishing importance) public organizations, structures of government power, mass media, the education system, religion. The authors' analysis of the influence of patriotic events revealed that the greatest contributing factor to developing patriotism is when young people meet with veterans of various wars. Second place in that rating of effectiveness goes to watching feature films and reading books. All of Russian society's social institutions appear to have vast unrealized potential when it comes to cultivating patriotic sentiments and views among young people. In order to fully realize this potential, the authors suggest not only drastically changing our perspective on such an issue as patriotism, but also initiating active work in regions and in local communities, assisting patriotic associations, clubs and other organizations focused on patriotism, paying close attention to the activities of educational institutions, intensifying patriotic work with students on behalf of the armed forces, and, finally, prompting mass media to radically change their perspective on patriotism and patriotic upbringing.