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Many scientists in their papers consider interrelation between advertising and society only from standpoint of advertising's influence. They see advertising as a factor of fashion-making and molding norms of behavior. In this article we will analyze relashionships of brands and society from the viewpoint of brands' adaptation to demands and features of society.

This article assesses the impact of sovereign countries in global financial governance. It uses the methodology of international political economy that studies the interaction between political and economic processes in the international arena. It shows the dualistic nature of international financial institutions, which, on the one hand, represent intergovernmental organizations and, on the other hand, are financial institutions with financial goals. The author investigates the principles of sovereign equality, equitable geographical representation and equal (parity) representation of groups of countries with distinct interests in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Group of 20 (G20) and Financial Stability Board (FSB). The IMF's decision-making mechanism is shown in detail, including its executive board and the recent redistribution of quotas among member states, with special attention on the formula for calculating quotas, its criticism and possible reform. The article shows the major causes of reducing the impact of the IMF and the formation of a new, globally distributed system of financial governance. The article shows the hierarchy (by function as well as by country representativeness) of the system of global financial governance, established by 2010. It discusses the leadership of countries according to quantity and to key indicators (revenues, assets and market capitalization) of global systemically important financial institutions (banks and insurance company). Based on countries' membership in the G7 and the G20, the FSB, IMF, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and Bank for International Settlements countries are designated as at the core, semi-periphery or periphery of the international financial system in the context of the world systems theory. The influence of the technical elite, prevailing in the international financial sector, as well as the qualitative composition (education) of its members are revealed. The article concludes that there is significant polarization in the international financial system (core and the socalled marginal majority). Unlike the IMF, the newly created global financial institutions of the G20 and FSB fully comply with the principles of equitable geographical representation and parity representation of states with distinct interests.

The aim of the article is to investigate the range of technologies used by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and to find out which of them are particularly effective and destructive as for today. The following methods were used for this study: structurally-functional, empirical and comparative. This made it possible to find out the peculiarities of propaganda influences on Ukrainian citizens and the essence of information technologies used by the RF in recent years. It is concluded that the problem of the information-manipulative technologies use by the Russian Federation in the process of the Crimean peninsula annexation, "playing the master" in Donbas, and claims to the Azov Sea are currently extremely relevant from the perspective of the negative effects and their destructive influences on the consciousness of citizens in Ukraine and the world. Moreover, significant attention should be pointed on this topic in the context of the hybrid wars expansion. In the process of the Crimea annexation, Russia actively used a powerful arsenal of manipulative information technologies and often achieved its results, namely: destabilizing Ukrainian society, preventing the development of our state through democratic modernization and conducting effective economic and social reforms. It is concluded that today, at the time of an active development of the information society, information and communication impacts become an important tool that can be used both for the development of the state and the nation and for the manipulation and destabilization of the enemy. For Ukraine, it is important to develop further information technologies, national strategy, and IT sphere. In addition, it is crucial to restrict all Russian propaganda media and concentrate on its own national interests. The best defence against Russian manipulations should be the ability to think critically and filter information that comes from any other sources.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia actively borrowed Western-primarily European-legal and bureaucratic practices. Now that the European path appears to be closed off entirely, the Middle East is fast emerging as an alternative route.

The article examines the influence of V.S. Solovyov on the writers and poets of the Silver age. On the material of the works of Solovyov, related to the «сhinese theme»: the articles «Russia and Europe», «China and Europe», «Japan», «The enemy from the East»; the review of the first volume of works by E.E. Ukhtomsky; the poems «Panmongolizm» and «Dragon»;the tractate «The three conversations about war, progress and the end of world history»; the letter «About the recent events», – is evaluated his influence on D.S. Merezhkovsky's articles: «Yellow-faced positivists», «The coming ham», V.I. Ivanov's articles «Russia, England and Asia», «Inspiration of horror», V.M. Doroshevich's story «Goddess», V.V. Veresaev's story «Under the cedars»; «Chinese poems» and the articles of V.J. Bryusov. The political context of the works, the tradition of depicting China in Russian literature, literary and sinological works on this topic are taken into account. The comparative analysis of texts, the coincidence of a number of theoretical positions, and separate definitions and epithets are revealed. The numbers of Solovyov's positions are revealed, which are reflected in the works of Merezhkovsky and Ivanov: materialism and positivism of the Chinese, the «emptiness» of their philosophy, the denial of life and progress, the «yellow danger», the need for the Christianization of China (the last position in Merezhkovsky is not). Doroshevich's story, written at the height of the ikhetuan rebellion («boxer rebellion»), was influenced by the philosopher's eschatological prophecies. The negative image of China in the poetry of V.J. Bryusov is the textual confirmation of the influence of Solovyov, noted by modern literary criticism.

The article is devoted to scientific and theoretical study of the influence of decentralization reform in Ukraine on the territories budget efficiency. The regulatory legislation aimed at implementing decentralization processes are analyzed. The author's definition of the concept "decentralization" is given. It is proposed to consider decentralization influence on the budget efficiency of territories through the prism of three system-forming components, in particular, administrative and territorial, political and financial aspects. The problem of each of these aspects impact is examined in detail and the functional dependence of budget efficiency on them is determined.

Статья посвящена современным проблемам формирования религиозной толерантности. Анализируются некоторые аспекты религиозной толерантности и межэтнических отношений в Узбекистане.Автор анализирует, механизмы формирования религиозной толерантности связанные со всей системой общественных отношений, с возможностью полноценной реализации конституционно-демократических прав и свобод, с уровнем духовной культуры личности и социума. Проводится анализ условий развития узбекской этноконфессиональной среды, выделяются векторы государственной политики в отношении данного феномена, определяется значение толерантности в отношении существующих конфессий для формирования конструктивного поля диалога.

В исследовании рассматривается взаимосвязь между такими категориями как народонаселение и война, сквозь призму демографических, экономических и социальных аспектов. Основной целью работы является изучение влияния и роли населения на возникновение и развитие внутри и межгосударственных конфликтов.
В статье использован сравнительный метод исследования. С помощью сопоставления двух и более объектов (явлений, идей, результатов исследований, статистики и т.п.), с целью классификации и типологии, в них выделяется общее и различное. В частности, в отношении типологии войн и иных соображений, касающихся ключевых групп населения.
Исследование заставляет задуматься над мыслью о том, могут ли правительства усилить безопасность своих государств, различных регионов и мира в целом за счет ключевых факторов, связанных как с экономическими, так и с демографическими изменениями? Полученные в ходе исследования выводы дают основание ожидать прогресса в использовании населения как важной переменной, которую следует учитывать при подходе к фундаментальным вопросам войны и мира. Показана взаимосвязь между изменением численности населения и возможными войнами, установлено, что непосредственно рост населения теоретически может привести к вооруженному конфликту. Сделано предположение о связи изменения численности населения, лишенного соответствующего экономического роста, с возникновением конфликтов и войн. Отмечено, что в перспективе народонаселение и война станут предметом более интенсивного изучения по причине дальнейшего роста населения в мире, увеличения числа конфликтов, связанных с природными и земельными ресурсами, осмысления мировым сообществом проблемы влияния численности населения на национальную безопасность.

Internationalization and globalization are developing very rapidly and don't pass our country. Lithuanian companies already more than a year are working in the world's biggest – European Union – market. It's not easy for them to compete with the strong European and international companies. Nowadays products and services are not competing, the brands, images and logos are. In consequent of this, the brand management becomes very important. Good brand management helps make strong brands, great customer relationships and increase sales, but it is surprising that many companies still pay little attention to the management of their brands. This graduation paper focuses on brand impact on sales. The object of the research is the brand of the product line. The results of the research show that the major branding decisions – to brand or not to brand; brand sponsor; brand name selection and protection; brand strategy; and brand repositioning – made in series can make the brand great and strong. Reaching to make the product line popular and to increase its sales companies should create brand equity, image, awareness and the customers' benefit. While creating the brand image it is very important to avoid the perception gap, i.e. the difference between identity and image. The brand awareness should be at a high level. The customers should get such a brand benefits: the promise of the producer, that the product is high quality; the brands make it easier to while choosing or finding a product. The customers not always evaluate the brand as a tool to decrease the purchase risk. And they don't always feel like getting the psychological satisfaction. So, the companies should pay more attention to these values. The brand equity created by the image, awareness and the customer benefits warrants the positive brand impact on sales. The bigger brand equity is created, the more it influences sales. If the company makes its brand successful and great in the local market, the brand can hardily compete in the global one.

Internationalization and globalization are developing very rapidly and don't pass our country. Lithuanian companies already more than a year are working in the world's biggest – European Union – market. It's not easy for them to compete with the strong European and international companies. Nowadays products and services are not competing, the brands, images and logos are. In consequent of this, the brand management becomes very important. Good brand management helps make strong brands, great customer relationships and increase sales, but it is surprising that many companies still pay little attention to the management of their brands. This graduation paper focuses on brand impact on sales. The object of the research is the brand of the product line. The results of the research show that the major branding decisions – to brand or not to brand; brand sponsor; brand name selection and protection; brand strategy; and brand repositioning – made in series can make the brand great and strong. Reaching to make the product line popular and to increase its sales companies should create brand equity, image, awareness and the customers' benefit. While creating the brand image it is very important to avoid the perception gap, i.e. the difference between identity and image. The brand awareness should be at a high level. The customers should get such a brand benefits: the promise of the producer, that the product is high quality; the brands make it easier to while choosing or finding a product. The customers not always evaluate the brand as a tool to decrease the purchase risk. And they don't always feel like getting the psychological satisfaction. So, the companies should pay more attention to these values. The brand equity created by the image, awareness and the customer benefits warrants the positive brand impact on sales. The bigger brand equity is created, the more it influences sales. If the company makes its brand successful and great in the local market, the brand can hardily compete in the global one.

Internationalization and globalization are developing very rapidly and don't pass our country. Lithuanian companies already more than a year are working in the world's biggest – European Union – market. It's not easy for them to compete with the strong European and international companies. Nowadays products and services are not competing, the brands, images and logos are. In consequent of this, the brand management becomes very important. Good brand management helps make strong brands, great customer relationships and increase sales, but it is surprising that many companies still pay little attention to the management of their brands. This graduation paper focuses on brand impact on sales. The object of the research is the brand of the product line. The results of the research show that the major branding decisions – to brand or not to brand; brand sponsor; brand name selection and protection; brand strategy; and brand repositioning – made in series can make the brand great and strong. Reaching to make the product line popular and to increase its sales companies should create brand equity, image, awareness and the customers' benefit. While creating the brand image it is very important to avoid the perception gap, i.e. the difference between identity and image. The brand awareness should be at a high level. The customers should get such a brand benefits: the promise of the producer, that the product is high quality; the brands make it easier to while choosing or finding a product. The customers not always evaluate the brand as a tool to decrease the purchase risk. And they don't always feel like getting the psychological satisfaction. So, the companies should pay more attention to these values. The brand equity created by the image, awareness and the customer benefits warrants the positive brand impact on sales. The bigger brand equity is created, the more it influences sales. If the company makes its brand successful and great in the local market, the brand can hardily compete in the global one.

The architectural and construction environment has a very strong influence on the psyche of people living in it. It was noticed that the accumulation of multistory houses with evenly spaced windows of the windows helps to reduce the intelligence and increase the aggressiveness of those people who watch them daily. Similarly, the accumulation of a large number of cars that fill yards and streets is also perceived. For people that living in the city, frequent cases appearance depression. Largely it is connected with their way of life, lack of time, workload at work andhome, all sorts of trouble, and you have a gradient rate accelerated rhythm life. Theoretical concepts and concepts of A. Marshall, A. Weber, E. Hoover, W. Aizard and updated by Nobel laureate in economics P. Krugman and his are key to understanding the nature and causes of population concentration and economic activity in major cities. From the point of view of these researchers, the attractive force of cities, including the largest ones, is associated in its most general form with the emergence and development of the phenomenon of agglomeration effects (agglomerative economy). In the modern theory of agglomeration effects caused by the spatial manifestation of the action of market forces and affecting the growth of cities, researchers identify two of their main types: localization effects and urbanization effects More than 50 percent of people around the world live in cities, and the World Health Organization predicts that this share will continue to grow. People migrate to cities, in particular, in Ukraine, for many reasons, including family ties and employment opportunities, political situation in a country or region and has several serious negative consequences. In order to improve the conditions of their lives, people strive to make them more comfortable, comfortable and favorable for themselves. However, this leads to the separation of man from the natural environment of his habitation and to the violation of natural ecosystems. It creates a kind of urban system, consisting of architectural and construction objects and much disturbed natural ecosystems. Thus, the levels of urbanization in Ukraine's regions will over time be aligned. The development of existing agglomerations and the formation of new ones, in particular in the coastal part of Ukraine, will continue.

The architectural and construction environment has a very strong influence on the psyche of people living in it. It was noticed that the accumulation of multistory houses with evenly spaced windows of the windows helps to reduce the intelligence and increase the aggressiveness of those people who watch them daily. Similarly, the accumulation of a large number of cars that fill yards and streets is also perceived. For people that living in the city, frequent cases appearance depression. Largely it is connected with their way of life, lack of time, workload at work andhome, all sorts of trouble, and you have a gradient rate accelerated rhythm life. Theoretical concepts and concepts of A. Marshall, A. Weber, E. Hoover, W. Aizard and updated by Nobel laureate in economics P. Krugman and his are key to understanding the nature and causes of population concentration and economic activity in major cities. From the point of view of these researchers, the attractive force of cities, including the largest ones, is associated in its most general form with the emergence and development of the phenomenon of agglomeration effects (agglomerative economy). In the modern theory of agglomeration effects caused by the spatial manifestation of the action of market forces and affecting the growth of cities, researchers identify two of their main types: localization effects and urbanization effects More than 50 percent of people around the world live in cities, and the World Health Organization predicts that this share will continue to grow. People migrate to cities, in particular, in Ukraine, for many reasons, including family ties and employment opportunities, political situation in a country or region and has several serious negative consequences. In order to improve the conditions of their lives, people strive to make them more comfortable, comfortable and favorable for themselves. However, this leads to the separation of man from the natural environment of his habitation and to the violation of natural ecosystems. It creates a kind of urban system, consisting of architectural and construction objects and much disturbed natural ecosystems. Thus, the levels of urbanization in Ukraine's regions will over time be aligned. The development of existing agglomerations and the formation of new ones, in particular in the coastal part of Ukraine, will continue.

The architectural and construction environment has a very strong influence on the psyche of people living in it. It was noticed that the accumulation of multistory houses with evenly spaced windows of the windows helps to reduce the intelligence and increase the aggressiveness of those people who watch them daily. Similarly, the accumulation of a large number of cars that fill yards and streets is also perceived. For people that living in the city, frequent cases appearance depression. Largely it is connected with their way of life, lack of time, workload at work andhome, all sorts of trouble, and you have a gradient rate accelerated rhythm life. Theoretical concepts and concepts of A. Marshall, A. Weber, E. Hoover, W. Aizard and updated by Nobel laureate in economics P. Krugman and his are key to understanding the nature and causes of population concentration and economic activity in major cities. From the point of view of these researchers, the attractive force of cities, including the largest ones, is associated in its most general form with the emergence and development of the phenomenon of agglomeration effects (agglomerative economy). In the modern theory of agglomeration effects caused by the spatial manifestation of the action of market forces and affecting the growth of cities, researchers identify two of their main types: localization effects and urbanization effects More than 50 percent of people around the world live in cities, and the World Health Organization predicts that this share will continue to grow. People migrate to cities, in particular, in Ukraine, for many reasons, including family ties and employment opportunities, political situation in a country or region and has several serious negative consequences. In order to improve the conditions of their lives, people strive to make them more comfortable, comfortable and favorable for themselves. However, this leads to the separation of man from the natural environment of his habitation and to the violation of natural ecosystems. It creates a kind of urban system, consisting of architectural and construction objects and much disturbed natural ecosystems. Thus, the levels of urbanization in Ukraine's regions will over time be aligned. The development of existing agglomerations and the formation of new ones, in particular in the coastal part of Ukraine, will continue.

Educational inequality is constantly in the scope of foreign and Russian scientists alike, however there are differences in the way it is interpreted. If we were to consider education as a system, we could acknowledge the existence of inequality in initial educational opportunities (at the system's gateway), as well as inequality in the education process itself (within the system), and inequality of education results (when transitioning from one stage to the next, or when exiting the system). The goal of this study was to determine the specifics of how territorial factor in a specific type of environment influences educational inequality among children. Part of the study was to verify the suggestion that this factor has been increasing its influence in Russia. Empirical data was collected using focus group and expert interview methods. Adult and adolescent participants of the study were asked questions about the interpretation of educational inequality (how it manifests in schooling), determining factors which affect the reproduction of educational inequality, including whether there is a territorial aspect to how it manifests. Study participants described local features in educational inequality, comparing city and village, large and small towns. The logic of comparing large and small settlements can be traced throughout the remarks of informants of all ages. Children spoke more of inequality within the education system, citing examples such as differences in how schools are equipped, varying level of skill among teachers, differences in the amount of cultural-leisure, educational and other facilities in their settlement. Experts also pointed out examples of educational inequality at the system's "gateways" and "exits", while speaking about socio-cultural and financial capital being possible sources for educational inequality, which from an organizational standpoint is considered by the study participants on the level of school – locale – region. The suggestion that territorial factor currently plays an increased role in reproducing educational inequality needs to be further researched utilizing regional statistical data.