The aim of the article is found on the idea of measure as a substrate of criminal-legal influence. The publication proposes to consider the measure as a substrate of external forms of legal influence and criminal-legal measure as a primary element of all external forms of criminal-legal influence (in connection with the commission of a criminal act). The analysis allows us to conclude that the substrate of legal influence is a basic element of socio-legal regulation (which substantively combines a system of techniques and methods of influence used to obtain a positive and socially significant result). It should be understood that a criminal-legal measure is a system of techniques and methods of coercive and rehabilitation-encouraging influence of the state on criminal practices (criminal offenses, objectively illegal acts, abuse of law) and lawful post-criminal behavior, which is carried out by the law, determined by the socio-cultural environment. It is concluded that such ideas of Leonardo Polo as coexistence, the abandonment of mental limit, his thoughts on ethics, knowledge, and law can be applied successfully when the criminal-legal measure is characterized by several features that distinguish it from measures of the legal influence of another industry.
The objective of the article was to determine the essence and legal implementation in Russia of principles such as: independence of the judiciary, relative truth, contradictory nature, legal certainty of judicial acts and discretion. In the countries of the Roman-Germanic legal order, it is no coincidence that legal principles are of great scientific and applied importance. The presence of a certain system of procedural principles makes it possible to assess the existence of justice in the country, the stability of a judicial decision and the fairness of judicial acts. Thus, the principles of the law directly affect the level of legality in each state. Currently, some procedural principles give rise to a discussion in Russian doctrine about their essence and content. The topic is presented from the point of view of general scientific methods (systems analysis, structural and functional, historical), the method of theoretical analysis, specific scientific methods (comparative jurisprudence, technical and legal analysis, concretization, interpretation). The theoretical basis was cognitive theory. It is concluded that the principle of the independence of the judiciary is not fully operational in the Russian Federation.
__Abstract__ In recent years a considerable number of studies have been undertaken concerning the impact of interest groups' influence in the European and North American policy-making process.
The aim of the article is to investigate the range of technologies used by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and to find out which of them are particularly effective and destructive as for today. The following methods were used for this study: structurally-functional, empirical and comparative. This made it possible to find out the peculiarities of propaganda influences on Ukrainian citizens and the essence of information technologies used by the RF in recent years. It is concluded that the problem of the information-manipulative technologies use by the Russian Federation in the process of the Crimean peninsula annexation, "playing the master" in Donbas, and claims to the Azov Sea are currently extremely relevant from the perspective of the negative effects and their destructive influences on the consciousness of citizens in Ukraine and the world. Moreover, significant attention should be pointed on this topic in the context of the hybrid wars expansion. In the process of the Crimea annexation, Russia actively used a powerful arsenal of manipulative information technologies and often achieved its results, namely: destabilizing Ukrainian society, preventing the development of our state through democratic modernization and conducting effective economic and social reforms. It is concluded that today, at the time of an active development of the information society, information and communication impacts become an important tool that can be used both for the development of the state and the nation and for the manipulation and destabilization of the enemy. For Ukraine, it is important to develop further information technologies, national strategy, and IT sphere. In addition, it is crucial to restrict all Russian propaganda media and concentrate on its own national interests. The best defence against Russian manipulations should be the ability to think critically and filter information that comes from any other sources.
The article is devoted to scientific and theoretical study of the influence of decentralization reform in Ukraine on the territories budget efficiency. The regulatory legislation aimed at implementing decentralization processes are analyzed. The author's definition of the concept "decentralization" is given. It is proposed to consider decentralization influence on the budget efficiency of territories through the prism of three system-forming components, in particular, administrative and territorial, political and financial aspects. The problem of each of these aspects impact is examined in detail and the functional dependence of budget efficiency on them is determined.
The architectural and construction environment has a very strong influence on the psyche of people living in it. It was noticed that the accumulation of multistory houses with evenly spaced windows of the windows helps to reduce the intelligence and increase the aggressiveness of those people who watch them daily. Similarly, the accumulation of a large number of cars that fill yards and streets is also perceived. For people that living in the city, frequent cases appearance depression. Largely it is connected with their way of life, lack of time, workload at work andhome, all sorts of trouble, and you have a gradient rate accelerated rhythm life. Theoretical concepts and concepts of A. Marshall, A. Weber, E. Hoover, W. Aizard and updated by Nobel laureate in economics P. Krugman and his are key to understanding the nature and causes of population concentration and economic activity in major cities. From the point of view of these researchers, the attractive force of cities, including the largest ones, is associated in its most general form with the emergence and development of the phenomenon of agglomeration effects (agglomerative economy). In the modern theory of agglomeration effects caused by the spatial manifestation of the action of market forces and affecting the growth of cities, researchers identify two of their main types: localization effects and urbanization effects More than 50 percent of people around the world live in cities, and the World Health Organization predicts that this share will continue to grow. People migrate to cities, in particular, in Ukraine, for many reasons, including family ties and employment opportunities, political situation in a country or region and has several serious negative consequences. In order to improve the conditions of their lives, people strive to make them more comfortable, comfortable and favorable for themselves. However, this leads to the separation of man from the natural environment of his habitation and to the violation of natural ecosystems. It creates a kind of urban system, consisting of architectural and construction objects and much disturbed natural ecosystems. Thus, the levels of urbanization in Ukraine's regions will over time be aligned. The development of existing agglomerations and the formation of new ones, in particular in the coastal part of Ukraine, will continue.
The architectural and construction environment has a very strong influence on the psyche of people living in it. It was noticed that the accumulation of multistory houses with evenly spaced windows of the windows helps to reduce the intelligence and increase the aggressiveness of those people who watch them daily. Similarly, the accumulation of a large number of cars that fill yards and streets is also perceived. For people that living in the city, frequent cases appearance depression. Largely it is connected with their way of life, lack of time, workload at work andhome, all sorts of trouble, and you have a gradient rate accelerated rhythm life. Theoretical concepts and concepts of A. Marshall, A. Weber, E. Hoover, W. Aizard and updated by Nobel laureate in economics P. Krugman and his are key to understanding the nature and causes of population concentration and economic activity in major cities. From the point of view of these researchers, the attractive force of cities, including the largest ones, is associated in its most general form with the emergence and development of the phenomenon of agglomeration effects (agglomerative economy). In the modern theory of agglomeration effects caused by the spatial manifestation of the action of market forces and affecting the growth of cities, researchers identify two of their main types: localization effects and urbanization effects More than 50 percent of people around the world live in cities, and the World Health Organization predicts that this share will continue to grow. People migrate to cities, in particular, in Ukraine, for many reasons, including family ties and employment opportunities, political situation in a country or region and has several serious negative consequences. In order to improve the conditions of their lives, people strive to make them more comfortable, comfortable and favorable for themselves. However, this leads to the separation of man from the natural environment of his habitation and to the violation of natural ecosystems. It creates a kind of urban system, consisting of architectural and construction objects and much disturbed natural ecosystems. Thus, the levels of urbanization in Ukraine's regions will over time be aligned. The development of existing agglomerations and the formation of new ones, in particular in the coastal part of Ukraine, will continue.
The architectural and construction environment has a very strong influence on the psyche of people living in it. It was noticed that the accumulation of multistory houses with evenly spaced windows of the windows helps to reduce the intelligence and increase the aggressiveness of those people who watch them daily. Similarly, the accumulation of a large number of cars that fill yards and streets is also perceived. For people that living in the city, frequent cases appearance depression. Largely it is connected with their way of life, lack of time, workload at work andhome, all sorts of trouble, and you have a gradient rate accelerated rhythm life. Theoretical concepts and concepts of A. Marshall, A. Weber, E. Hoover, W. Aizard and updated by Nobel laureate in economics P. Krugman and his are key to understanding the nature and causes of population concentration and economic activity in major cities. From the point of view of these researchers, the attractive force of cities, including the largest ones, is associated in its most general form with the emergence and development of the phenomenon of agglomeration effects (agglomerative economy). In the modern theory of agglomeration effects caused by the spatial manifestation of the action of market forces and affecting the growth of cities, researchers identify two of their main types: localization effects and urbanization effects More than 50 percent of people around the world live in cities, and the World Health Organization predicts that this share will continue to grow. People migrate to cities, in particular, in Ukraine, for many reasons, including family ties and employment opportunities, political situation in a country or region and has several serious negative consequences. In order to improve the conditions of their lives, people strive to make them more comfortable, comfortable and favorable for themselves. However, this leads to the separation of man from the natural environment of his habitation and to the violation of natural ecosystems. It creates a kind of urban system, consisting of architectural and construction objects and much disturbed natural ecosystems. Thus, the levels of urbanization in Ukraine's regions will over time be aligned. The development of existing agglomerations and the formation of new ones, in particular in the coastal part of Ukraine, will continue.
The problem of information distortion is related to the dissemination, accumulation and processing of data in the information society. Distortion of information is a certain attributive feature of human communication, and therefore, the ability to better understand and recognize it – is important for almost all spheres of public life. There are many reasons for the distortion of information, but they are mainly related to: hostile competition; conflict of opposing interests; falsification of facts, deliberate introduction of society into a deceptive state; "Erroneous" or even false explanations, conclusions and interpretations; creating a "non-existent reality" and to achieve victory over the enemy and discredit him. In practice, the greatest distortion of information is observed in the planning of works, in oral orders and in decision-making. Distorted information can be: 1) impulsive – it is noise of various nature, radio waves, special transmitting devices, as well as: fatigue, inattention, excessive emotionality; 2) episodic, which involves the extraction of information data and information provided at the appropriate time and context. There is also a strategic distortion of information, which is aimed at the gradual creation of the desired image (state, party, individual). It is determined that inaccurate messages are distributed by the main subsystems and their elements: the state, political parties, specialized services, WMC, corporations and agencies. Unreliable and unreliable data are constantly "flowing" from one area to another: intensifying and exacerbating conflicts and intensifying contradictions in society – creating crisis situations in the state. The article suggests that in Ukraine such a "tolerant and condescending" attitude of citizens to the distortion of information by the authorities, special services, political parties, officials, the media is preserved for the "stability" of patterns of behaviour and values that were inherent in the post-Soviet space (we have in mind – a person of the ...
Проаналізовано функціональні аспекти політичного впливу. Встановлено основні етапи реалізації впливу, якими є мотиваційний, операційний, процесуальний та результативний. Процес мотивації є визначальним елементом у ході визначення цілей та бажаних результатів політичного впливу. Розкрито структуру мотивів суб'єктів впливу. До мотивів ініціатора впливу належать мотиви афіліації, досягнень та влади. Операційний етап впливу полягає в аналізі й виборі адекватних ситуацій засобів впливу – ресурсів та інструментів. Охарактеризовано відмінності між ресурсами та інструментами впливу, зокрема наявний ресурс визначає можливість здійснення діяльності, а інструмент вказує на її особливості. Можливість здійснювати вплив та досягати бажаного результату визначається наявністю достатнього ресурсу та необхідних інструментів впливу. Послідовність реалізації взаємодії включає встановлення контакту між суб'єктом та об'єктом впливу, передачу інформації для формування нових поглядів чи установок, а також закріплення результату в поведінці, прийнятих рішеннях тощо. Останній етап впливу – результативний. Він включає оцінку отриманих прямих результатів та можливі наслідки, їх відповідність поставленій меті. Крім того, вплив може реалізовуватись як системно-управлінська функція. Це відповідає процесу регулювання відповідної суспільної сфери. ; Проаналізовано функціональні аспекти політичного впливу. Встановлено основні етапи реалізації впливу, якими є мотиваційний, операційний, процесуальний та результативний. Процес мотивації є визначальним елементом у ході визначення цілей та бажаних результатів політичного впливу. Розкрито структуру мотивів суб'єктів впливу. До мотивів ініціатора впливу належать мотиви афіліації, досягнень та влади. Операційний етап впливу полягає в аналізі й виборі адекватних ситуацій засобів впливу – ресурсів та інструментів. Охарактеризовано відмінності між ресурсами та інструментами впливу, зокрема наявний ресурс визначає можливість здійснення діяльності, а інструмент вказує на її особливості. Можливість здійснювати вплив та досягати бажаного результату визначається наявністю достатнього ресурсу та необхідних інструментів впливу. Послідовність реалізації взаємодії включає встановлення контакту між суб'єктом та об'єктом впливу, передачу інформації для формування нових поглядів чи установок, а також закріплення результату в поведінці, прийнятих рішеннях тощо. Останній етап впливу – результативний. Він включає оцінку отриманих прямих результатів та можливі наслідки, їх відповідність поставленій меті. Крім того, вплив може реалізовуватись як системно-управлінська функція. Це відповідає процесу регулювання відповідної суспільної сфери. ; The functional aspects of political influence were analyzed. The principal stages of the influence were considered (motivational, operational, procedural and efficient). The process of motivation is a key element in the definition for the objectives and the desired results in political influence. The motivate structure of influencing factor was determined. The influential's motives consist of affiliation motive, the achievement and the authority. The operational stage includes the analysis and the selection appropriate means of influence – resources and instruments. The differences between impact resources and instruments were characterized: existing resources determines the possibility of activities, instrument indicates the features of activities. The influence and to achieve of desired result is determined by availability of the sufficient resources and the necessary instruments of influence. The sequence of interaction is making contact between subject and object of influence and transfer of information to form new beliefs or attitudes, and consolidating the results in the behavior and the decisions. The efficient phase includes evaluation of the results, the possible consequences and their conformity to the aim pursued.
The purpose of the study is to characterize the impact of state financial control on the functioning of public authorities and to highlight the directions for the development of state financial control in Ukraine. The methodological basis of the article is a system of general and special scientific methods (dialectical, formal-logical, comparative legal, analytical, etc.). It is proved that in most countries there are formal systems of state financial control, the subjects of such control and their powers are clearly defined. It has been established that in Ukraine there is a centralized model of activity of state financial control bodies, which does not meet the current challenges. It is concluded that the presence of unified and clearly defined tasks, methods and principles, taking into account the specifics of the national legislation and the socio-economic situation that ensures the effective work of state financial control bodies and improves financial and budgetary discipline. It is based on the priority of three vectors of development of the state control system: formation of a clear structure of state control subjects; development of a legislative framework and unified methodology and, finally, introduction of modern information and innovative technologies.
The purpose of the article is to clarify the content and the main factors influencing the investment strategy of the Chernihiv region development for the reason of the existing ambiguity in the interpretation of the investment strategy concept and factors of influence on it. The scientific approaches to determining the content of an investment strategy are examined in the article. The article is devoted to the study of instruments influencing the investment strategy of the Chernihiv region. The instruments of tax and monetary policy, affecting the investment strategy through the regulation of the financial, banking system and monetary circulation are justified. The factors of influence on the investment strategy are classified as economic, resource, innovative, social. The internal and external factors affecting the investment processes at the regional level are determined. It is proved that the important conditions for the formation and implementation of the investment strategy are the political and legal conditions for investing (political, macroeconomic stability, favorable legal framework for investors, the level of religious, territorial, ethnic conflicts in the country, contradictions between central and local authorities, etc.). The necessity of implementing measures to implement the investment strategy is substantiated. It is emphasized that the influence of the state on the formation and implementation of investment strategy involves the use of a range of forms, methods and appropriate tools. One of the most important instruments of influence is financial and monetary. The effectiveness of possible measures of influence depends primarily on ensuring political and economic stability, restoring the confidence of the population, enterprises in the state, financial and banking structures.
The subject of the study is the organizational and methodological aspects of the influence of European integration processes on accounting standardization in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the problems of adapting the domestic accounting system to international standards and to make promising recommendations for harmonizing financial reporting with international standards. Research methods. In writing the article, general scientific and special methods of studying economic phenomena on the influence of European integration processes on standardization of accounting in Ukraine were used. Results of work. In the course of writing the article the concepts of integration and its influence on accounting in Ukraine were considered. In Ukraine, in the context of European integration, in order to effectively implement international financial reporting standards as a market economy instrument, the following issues must be resolved: to effectively implement international financial reporting standards, it is necessary to harmonize the norms of international standards in Ukraine with P(C)BU; to develop the regulatory framework of IFRS of Ukraine in order to avoid double system of financial reporting (for example, accounting and tax accounting); to develop the Instruction on transition of enterprises of Ukraine to the international standards of financial reporting; to bring the generally accepted accounting principles of Ukraine in line with the International Financial Reporting Standards with the establishment of regulations on the application of IFRS; Establish a sound management system for the preparation of IFRS financial statements. Scope of results. Enterprises of Ukraine. Conclusions. The creation of the European Union promoted the unification and standardization of accounting in the member states of the association in the post–war period. Subsequently, with the enlargement of the European Union, it grew and its influence on the standardization of accounting in European countries. ...
The article covers the role of some presidents in shaping the foreign policies of Latin American states. A concise characteristic of their influence upon the home and foreign policy of Argentina, Chile and Costa-Rica has been provided. The activities of past and contemporary women-politicians are analyzed (Eva Peron, Maria Estella Martines de Peron, Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner, Laura Chinchilla Miranda, Verónica Michelle Bachelet Jeria). The article contains concise descriptions of their biographies which, undoubtedly, had influenced their activities as leaders of the states and defined the general tendency of foreign policies of the states in the region. Key words: President, foreign politics, personality influence politics, Latin America. ; Статтю присвячено ролі окремих президентів в розвитку зовнішньої політики держав Латинської Америки. Особливу увагу зосереджено на особистісному впливі у формуванні внутрішньої та зовнішньої політики Аргентини, Чилі та Коста-Ріки, їх ролі в утвердженні цих держав у сучасному світі. Аналізується діяльність жінок-політиків як минулого, так і сучасності (Ева Перон, Марія Естела Мартінес де Перон, Крістіна Фернандес де Кіршнер, Лаура Чинчілья Міранда, Вероніка Мішель Бачелет Херіа). У статті стисло подано їхні життєписи, які значною мірою впливали на їхню діяльність як керівників держави та відображали загальну тенденцію зовнішньої політики держав цього регіону.Ключові слова: президент, зовнішня політика, особистісний вимір політики, Латинська Америка.
