Suchergebnisse

This article aims to show the results of the review of relevant literature of informal work and the informal economy in Mexico between 2002 and 2010. The method used to evaluate the literature was based on the seven steps for synthesis research: problem formulation, literature search, obtaining information, assessing the quality of studies, analysis and integration of results, interpretation of evidence and presentation of results. Were evaluated eleven different national and international studies of government and educational institutions. The findings suggest that the informal economy is of varied elements that make it a complex problem, whose recent emergence as a social and economic problem has caused the attention of the sectors involved.

Architecture could learn from the socio-cultural norms of informal Cairo and could implement professional expertise to create a new housing typology that achieves the people's needs. Housing 20 million people and still growing, Cairo mirrors the global phenomenon of unplanned urban growth. The people have been forced to construct their own dwelling units as the government fails to provide them shelter. Approximately 65 percent of the population of Cairo lives in so-called informal housing: four to ten story concrete and brick infill structures built without legal permits in the desert or on former agrarian land. These informal housing projects are built on intuitive and inherent formal qualities. Despite their evolved formal language these uninformed structures result in hazardous living conditions and unsanitary environments. This project will study and extract the successes of informal growth on agrarian land that has reached saturation, and will apply them along with architectural strategies to the desert land that represents the future development of Cairo.

A report on a study of the informal economy based on 1981 interviews with a national probability sample of approximately 2,100 US families, asking about purchases they made from vendors who were selling goods & services on the side. Questions were asked to verify that vendors were indeed functioning as informal suppliers. Although not all characteristics had to be present for any single supplier, informal suppliers were characterized as individuals who had casual record-keeping systems, lacked a fixed place of business, & relied on word of mouth & other casual means of advertising, eg, automobile mechanics operating in a home garage, produce sellers with roadside stands, & craftsmen operating from a pickup truck or in a home workshop. It was found that about $42 billion in informal economic activity took place in 1981, & that 80% of US families purchased something from an informal vendor, especially home repairs & food. 11 Tables. HA