Suchergebnisse

Ecosystem services and green infrastructure do not appear to inform spatial policies and plans. National governments hardly identify their ecological networks and made an effort to integrate them into their spatial policies and plans. Under this perspective, an important scientific and technical issue is to focus on preserving corridors for enabling species mobility and on achieving connectivity between natural protected areas. In this respect, this special issue takes a step forward insofar as it aims at proposing a theoretical and methodological discussion on the definition and implementation of ecological networks that, beside guaranteeing wildlife movements, also provide a wide range of ecosystem services. The social and economic profile of this question is also relevant, since, in the long run, savings on public spending (e.g., due to reduced need for grey infrastructures aiming at contrasting soil erosion or at managing flood risk), savings on private spending (e.g., on water treatment costs) and potential green jobs creation are foreseeable. Moreover, indirect and less easily quantifiable social and health benefits (e.g., due to improved natural pollution abatement) are likely to occur as well.

There have been over one million deaths from the COVID-19 infection so far. The pandemic forced governments across the world into emergency lockdowns that pushed nearly all parts of the world economy into the deepest slump in production, investment, consumption, and employment since the 1930s. There is optimism that world economy will bounce back in 2021 in a V-shaped recovery. But that seems unlikely because global capitalism was in trouble before the pandemic hit and was already heading into a recession. The lockdown slump was just a tipping point. Also, the pandemic is not yet over and infections continue to mount. The impact of the pandemic lockdowns on employment and incomes, particularly for the poorest countries and the poorest in all countries has been devastating and will leave permanent scarring on economies and livelihoods. And there is no internationally coordinated plan to contain the pandemic and to restore livelihoods. Market-led economies and health systems have failed. Only a social economy where there is public ownership and community control of finance and industry can turn the world economy around for working people. Pandemic; Economy; Recession; Depression; Keynes; Stimulus.

The events that led to the proclamation of the Reign of Italy in 1861, after the heroic actions by Garibaldi and the wise politics by Cavour, opened a new stage in Italian history. This is an important moment for a country that had always lived divisions among different political parties and had always been dominated by foreign rulers. The Italian state was created in an important historical period made of technical and economical development thanks to several technological inventions, such as textile machines, the train, the electrical telegraph. These inventions needed also a development in communications. Soon after the Unity of Italy the conditions of the last ones were considerably backward. From the physical geographical viewpoint, the distance between the two extremes of the peninsula, leaving out also the two main isles, was longer than that of all the other European Countries. Besides, just in the Po Valley and along few flat coast lines the relief conditions were suitable for building roads, railways and modern highways. Currently all that is clear: there a few stretches without flyovers, bridges, tunnels and viaducts, which have greatly contributed to transform the landscape (for example the link Genoa – Savona, belonging to highway Fiori – Genova/Ventimiglia – opened in 1967, includes 158 km built along the coast with 27 galleries and 90 viaducts). Historically the "entries of Italy" were the alpine passes and the ports on the coast. The "Belpaese" has been perhaps the most famous example of what the geographer Jean Gottmann called the "crossroads regions" (carrefours) with openings to the world which have given them great opportunities to connect and exchange. In the globalization age the new entries to the world are the international airports, while the telematic networks contribute to get rid of the idea of border itself. A journey to discover the thick and wide realization of communications and telecommunications works which, in different ways, have created " the united and connected Italy", with a huge effort being greater than the one of the other European Countries, for historical, geographical and urban planning reasons. Networks being fundamental not only for the economic growth and development, but also to build the national society and conscience. ; The events that led to the proclamation of the Reign of Italy in 1861, after the heroic actions by Garibaldi and the wise politics by Cavour, opened a new stage in Italian history. This is an important moment for a country that had always lived divisions among different political parties and had always been dominated by foreign rulers. The Italian state was created in an important historical period made of technical and economical development thanks to several technological inventions, such as textile machines, the train, the electrical telegraph. These inventions needed also a development in communications. Soon after the Unity of Italy the conditions of the last ones were considerably backward. From the physical geographical viewpoint, the distance between the two extremes of the peninsula, leaving out also the two main isles, was longer than that of all the other European Countries. Besides, just in the Po Valley and along few flat coast lines the relief conditions were suitable for building roads, railways and modern highways. Currently all that is clear: there a few stretches without flyovers, bridges, tunnels and viaducts, which have greatly contributed to transform the landscape (for example the link Genoa – Savona, belonging to highway Fiori – Genova/Ventimiglia – opened in 1967, includes 158 km built along the coast with 27 galleries and 90 viaducts). Historically the "entries of Italy" were the alpine passes and the ports on the coast. The "Belpaese" has been perhaps the most famous example of what the geographer Jean Gottmann called the "crossroads regions" (carrefours) with openings to the world which have given them great opportunities to connect and exchange. In the globalization age the new entries to the world are the international airports, while the telematic networks contribute to get rid of the idea of border itself. A journey to discover the thick and wide realization of communications and telecommunications works which, in different ways, have created " the united and connected Italy", with a huge effort being greater than the one of the other European Countries, for historical, geographical and urban planning reasons. Networks being fundamental not only for the economic growth and development, but also to build the national society and conscience.

The events that led to the proclamation of the Reign of Italy in 1861, after the heroic actions by Garibaldi and the wise politics by Cavour, opened a new stage in Italian history. This is an important moment for a country that had always lived divisions among different political parties and had always been dominated by foreign rulers. The Italian state was created in an important historical period made of technical and economical development thanks to several technological inventions, such as textile machines, the train, the electrical telegraph. These inventions needed also a development in communications. Soon after the Unity of Italy the conditions of the last ones were considerably backward. From the physical geographical viewpoint, the distance between the two extremes of the peninsula, leaving out also the two main isles, was longer than that of all the other European Countries. Besides, just in the Po Valley and along few flat coast lines the relief conditions were suitable for building roads, railways and modern highways. Currently all that is clear: there a few stretches without flyovers, bridges, tunnels and viaducts, which have greatly contributed to transform the landscape (for example the link Genoa – Savona, belonging to highway Fiori – Genova/Ventimiglia – opened in 1967, includes 158 km built along the coast with 27 galleries and 90 viaducts). Historically the "entries of Italy" were the alpine passes and the ports on the coast. The "Belpaese" has been perhaps the most famous example of what the geographer Jean Gottmann called the "crossroads regions" (carrefours) with openings to the world which have given them great opportunities to connect and exchange. In the globalization age the new entries to the world are the international airports, while the telematic networks contribute to get rid of the idea of border itself. A journey to discover the thick and wide realization of communications and telecommunications works which, in different ways, have created " the united and connected Italy", with a huge effort being greater than the one of the other European Countries, for historical, geographical and urban planning reasons. Networks being fundamental not only for the economic growth and development, but also to build the national society and conscience. ; The events that led to the proclamation of the Reign of Italy in 1861, after the heroic actions by Garibaldi and the wise politics by Cavour, opened a new stage in Italian history. This is an important moment for a country that had always lived divisions among different political parties and had always been dominated by foreign rulers. The Italian state was created in an important historical period made of technical and economical development thanks to several technological inventions, such as textile machines, the train, the electrical telegraph. These inventions needed also a development in communications. Soon after the Unity of Italy the conditions of the last ones were considerably backward. From the physical geographical viewpoint, the distance between the two extremes of the peninsula, leaving out also the two main isles, was longer than that of all the other European Countries. Besides, just in the Po Valley and along few flat coast lines the relief conditions were suitable for building roads, railways and modern highways. Currently all that is clear: there a few stretches without flyovers, bridges, tunnels and viaducts, which have greatly contributed to transform the landscape (for example the link Genoa – Savona, belonging to highway Fiori – Genova/Ventimiglia – opened in 1967, includes 158 km built along the coast with 27 galleries and 90 viaducts). Historically the "entries of Italy" were the alpine passes and the ports on the coast. The "Belpaese" has been perhaps the most famous example of what the geographer Jean Gottmann called the "crossroads regions" (carrefours) with openings to the world which have given them great opportunities to connect and exchange. In the globalization age the new entries to the world are the international airports, while the telematic networks contribute to get rid of the idea of border itself. A journey to discover the thick and wide realization of communications and telecommunications works which, in different ways, have created " the united and connected Italy", with a huge effort being greater than the one of the other European Countries, for historical, geographical and urban planning reasons. Networks being fundamental not only for the economic growth and development, but also to build the national society and conscience.