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The author presents a unique theory of insurgent group behavior using a fuzzy-set approach. In contrast to arguments that place the culpability of insurgent group violence toward noncombatants in the arena of natural resource endowments or the distinctive nature of contemporary conflicts, the author uses a component of qualitative comparative analysis to show that the presence of "active rivalry" is critical in determining the type of behavior insurgent groups will display with regard to local populations they claim to represent. The use of fuzzy-set analysis is uncommon in conflict studies yet proves to be a valuable alternative to standard statistical tests. Adapted from the source document.

From the fall of Baghdad (mobile operations) to the battle of Fallujah (swarming) or Basra (siege warfare) the war in Iraq has covered the full spectrum of urban operations, & confirms the opinion of many observers of the major threat which the pacification of urban areas poses to Western armies. Looking back on the growing friction between 'transformation' & 'adaptation', the author attempts here to explore the American doctrinal reinvention of urban warfare & its repercussions on the strategic conduct of urban stabilisation operations, especially by the comprehensive-termed interagency-integration of quasi-public non-governmental groups without access to regular forces. Adapted from the source document.

Shipping list no.: 2001-0142-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

The United States is committed to helping Colombia fight its struggle against the violence and corruption engendered by the traffic in narcotics. This report examines the strategic theory within Plan Colombia, the master plan which the government of Colombia developed to strengthen democracy through peace, security, and economic development. The author argues that the United States and the international community must support this beleaguered nation. He cautions, however, that the main responsibility for success lies with the Colombians. They must mobilize the national resources and make the sacrifices to win back the country from the narco-traffickers, the insurgents, and the paramilitaries. To that end, Plan Colombia is a well-conceived strategy that must be sustained for the long term. ; https://press.armywarcollege.edu/monographs/1114/thumbnail.jpg

Critics of non-uniformed 'irregular' warfare argue that it is unfair both to non-combatants and to enemy 'regulars'. I dispute this view by outlining the 'problem of in bello justice', which concerns how the leaders of a people forced to fight a just war should distribute risks within their own population. In so far as all are the victims of aggression or unjust occupation, I argue, no citizens on the just side are morally liable to attack. But to benefit from the restraining effects of discrimination, some members must be rendered legally liable. Political leaders must therefore find the most appropriate distribution of the risk of harm: first, by deciding which and how many citizens to select as 'combatants'; and second, by specifying how far to distance combatants from civilians. I identify four normative considerations that must be taken into account: each possible arrangement must (1) fulfil basic requirements of fairness domestically; then, between equally fair arrangements, leaders ought to determine which offers the most auspicious balance between (2) the goal of survival (of the society and as many of its members as possible) and (3) the goal of winning and, hence, eliminating the injustices that caused the war; finally (4) the arrangement should not be unfair to enemy combatants. On this basis, I argue that in spite of the increased risks it poses to civilians, limited 'irregular' warfare might be deployed legitimately against occupiers where using uniforms would render insurgents vulnerable to targeted assassination or arrest prior to actual combat. Adapted from the source document.

Shipping list no.: 98-0248-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.