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"The feasibility study INTPOL has developed a conceptual frame for the analysis of integration processes and research The social integration of individual migrants into the institutions of the receiving society is differentiated from the effects of the social integration on the social structure of the receiving society and effects on the societal integration or cohesion of the receiving society. Social integration is understood as inclusion of indivudial migrants into the core institutions of the receiving society, with structural, cultural, interactive and identificative integration as dimensions of that process." (excerpt)

Are Western Muslims integrating? Can Western Muslims integrate? Over the past 20 years, significant attention has been invested in examinations stimulated by the extensive public commentary addressing such questions. This brief review aims to demystify the examination of Western Muslims' integration in the interest of re-embedding this subject matter in the broader scholarship about immigration and settlement. Within this expanding field of study, Western Muslims can (and should) be examined at the community level, where specific ethno-cultural groups represent but case studies among hundreds of Western Muslim communities that differ in their immigration context, countries of origin, sects, and ethno-cultural backgrounds. Simultaneously, the collection of statistical data should be used to test hypotheses that are developed in studies of such communities. The dialogue between qualitative and quantitative approaches provides research openings to more rigorously push the state of knowledge in this area, and I describe some of these openings below.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 The European Union: Evolution, Institutional and Legislative Structure and Enlargement -- Introduction -- Historical Background: A Path of Increasing Economic Links -- EU Institutions and Organizational Structure of theEuropean Union -- EU Legislation and Law-making Process -- The Challenge of the Enlargement -- 2 Trade Flows and Economic Integration -- Introduction -- Equilibrium Under Free Trade and the Effects of Tariffs -- Customs Unions or Universally Free Trade? -- Static Reallocative Effects of Customs Unions -- Terms-of-Trade Effects of Customs Unions -- Dynamic Effects of Customs Unions -- Summary and Conclusions -- 3 Factor- and Product-Market Integration and Europe's Single Market -- Introduction -- Effects of Factor-Market Integration -- Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade -- Europe's Single Market and the 1992 Internal Market Programme -- Strengthening the European Internal Market: Recent Developments and Performance -- Summary and Conclusions -- 4 Macroeconomic Interdependence, Cooperation and Currency Unions -- Introduction -- Optimum Currency Areas and Similarity of Structures and Shocks -- Phillips-Curve Theory and the Effects of Monetary Integration -- The Game-Theoretic Approach to Monetary Integration: Macroeconomic and Strategic Interdependence, Nashand Cooperative Outcomes -- Seigniorage -- Summary and Conclusions -- 5 Performance of the EMS, the ERM-II and the New EU Member States -- Introduction -- Early Attempts at Monetary-Policy Cooperation in Europeand the EMS -- Growth, Employment and Inflation in the EMS Years -- The Game-Theoretic Approach to the EMS: Impact on Inflation Outcomes -- The Crisis in the Currency Markets of 1990-92 -- ERM-II and the New EU Member States -- Summary and Conclusions -- 6 EMU: Benefits, Costs and Real Convergence.

"The chapter gives an overview of classical and contemporary sociological models of immigrant integration, including a critical discussion of potential discontinuities between contemporary migration and migration at the beginning of the twentieth century.; The chapter starts with a critical reflection on the manifold terms used to describe patterns of immigrant settlement. I argue that, from a sociological perspective, the concept of integration is well suited to serve as an overall concept, describing the interrelation between an individual and society, with assimilation being but one empirical possibility.; The review then comprises two parts. The first part discusses the classic models of immigrant integration, including race-relation cycles (R. E. Park as well as E. S. Bogardus), social psychological accounts of changing group membership (R. Taft), as well as the works of Shmuel N. Eisenstadt and Milton M. Gordon. The second part reviews contemporary models of immigrant integration: the modes of incorporation model by Alejandro Portes and Ruben Rumbaut, the theory of segmented assimilation by Alejandro Portes and Min Zhou, as well as the model of intergenerational integration by Hartmut Esser. Contemporary models improve the earlier ones in that they forego linear and deterministic conceptions of the integration process, pay heed to the contextual characteristics, and allow for deducing testable hypothesis. I argue that the model of intergenerational integration, with a general sociological theory of action at its core, may be the most versatile as it is not constructed with reference to a specific geographical or historical context and may be applied even if conditions change." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))

ABSTRACTExisting research focuses on the positive returns to operational performance of firms' supply chain integration (SCI) with suppliers, buyers, and customers. We draw on differentiation‐integration duality and contingency theory to suggest that manufacturing firms should seek to achieve both integration through supply chain coordination activities and differentiation through modularity‐based manufacturing practices (MBMP). Using a sample of 261 manufacturing firms, we identify an inverse U‐shaped relationship between SCI and operational performance. Furthermore, we find support for the importance of differentiation‐integration duality as a fit between high levels of SCI and high levels of MBMP results in enhanced operational performance. We find support for a contingency perspective as fit is especially critical at higher levels of environmental uncertainty. Implications for theory, practice, and further research are suggested.

This article argues that Lockwood's piece on social and system integration was quite insightful at the time, but that it failed in correctly solving the issues it raised. More recent versions of the distinction, such as Giddens's and Archer's, are deemed not satisfactory either. Three steps are then taken in order to provide an alternative solution, which tackles the general problem of the relationship between structure and agency. The critical analysis of the notion of `emergent properties', along with those of `structure' and `mechanism', is the groundwork for a discussion of collective causality that substantiates an alternative view which defines social systems as collective subjectivities, including some methodological considerations. A broad notion of realism is upheld in the article.

Many scholars argue that hostland social integration will encourage moderate political attitudes among diasporas. On the other hand, structural integration is thought to affect the opportunity structure of diasporas, but not their political attitudes. In this paper we offer an alternative explanation for the relationship between integration and diaspora attitudes. Our argument, based on findings in social psychology and social work, is that structural integration empowers diasporas to process and contextualize war-related experiences and make sense of daily life, and through the mechanism of a higher sense of coherence, enables them to envision a common future with other groups both in the host and homeland. We find support for our claims in a unique set of survey data collected amoung four diaspora populations in Sweden: structural integration encourages reconciliatory attitudes among diasporas, while social integration does not. Through their transnational engagement, structural integration of diasporas has the potential to encourage lasting peace in their homelands. ; Paper presented at "Exploring the Past, Anticipating the Future," the 50th Annual Convention of the International Studies Association (ISA), 15-18 Feb, New York.

For a club such as the European Union, an important question is when, and under which conditions, a subset of the members should be allowed to form inner clubs and enhance cooperation. Flexible cooperation allows members to participate if and only if they benefit, but it generates a freerider problem if potential members choose to opt out. The analysis shows that flexible cooperation is better if the heterogeneity is large and the externality small. The best possible symmetric and monotonic participation mechanism, however, is implemented by two thresholds: A mandatory and a minimum participation rule. Rigid and flexible cooperation are both special cases of this mechanism. For each of these thresholds, the optimum is characterized.

AbstractThis article argues that there are underlying changes in the world economy due to growing integration of the national economies which are more profound than the events in particular commodity markets, and that our national economic policies should be significantly shaped by these changes. Integration is defined in terms of the convergence of prices on international markets. It is occurring in the markets for commodities, factors and technologies. The freeing of trade multilaterally and unilaterally and the formation of regional trading arrangements have all played a part in greater global integration.Global and regional integration have changed the nature of the international markets in which we trade and require corporations to change their production and marketing strategies. Governments have an increasingly important role in negotiating international and regional agreements and in providing an environment that allows the domestic producers to compete on international markets. There is, however, no need to change the unilateral trading policies of Australia.

Oliver Williamson's work on transaction cost economics, and more generally on the factors that determine the boundaries between firms and markets, has provided key insights that have significantly expanded our understanding of the attributes of transactions and organizations that lead to vertical integration and vertical contractual relationships more broadly. Transaction cost—based theories of vertical integration focus on the implications of incomplete contracts, asset specificity, information imperfections, incentives for opportunistic behavior, and the costs and benefits of internal organization. These theories focus on efforts by firms to mitigate transaction costs and various contractual hazards that may arise with anonymous spot market transactions by choosing among alternative organizational and contractual governance arrangements that can reduce these costs. There is substantial empirical support for these theories. Property rights—based theories are sometimes interpreted as formalizing some of Williamson's work. However, little empirical work has focused on property rights—based theories per se. Principal-agent theories of vertical integration that are distinguished from other organizational theories primarily by assumed differences in risk aversion between principals and agents and associated moral hazard problems have also been advanced. They add little to the other theories and have limited independent empirical support.

New Zealand and Australia in Global Perspective -- From Cosmopolitanism to Pluralism and Return / Erich Kolig -- Western European Muslims between Islamophobia and Radicalisation / Tahir Abbas -- Western Mosque and Muslim integration: Identity Crisis and Resolution / Christopher Evan Longhurst -- The Spectre of Parallel Societies and Social Disintegration / Erich Kolig -- The New Zealand Experience -- Muslims "in" New Zealand or "of" New Zealand? / William Shepard -- Islam's History and Integration in New Zealand's Society: A Convert's View / Abdullah Martin Drury -- Integrating through Screen: the Muslim Diaspora in New Zealand / Arezou Zalipour -- The Australian Experience -- Multiculturalism, Muslim Radicalism, and the Problematic of Muslim Integration in Australia / Jan Ali -- Creating Ethical Subjects: The Role of the Turkish State in Integrating Muslims in Australia / Christopher Houston and Banu Senay -- Teaching and Learning Halal Sex: Discussing Contrasting Values among Muslim among Young Adults in Australia / Lisa Siobhan Irving -- Islamic Inheritance and Sharia Wills: the Recognition of Muslim Inheritance Traditions in Australia / Malcolm Voyce, Selda Dagestanli, Adam Possamai, Joshua Roose, Bryan Turner, Lisa Worthington -- Islamic Exceptionalism: Do the Religious and Legal Imperatives of Islam Necessitate Special Regimes in Secular Nations? / Ann Black.