Suchergebnisse

L'elaborato si occupa della disciplina penalistica dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale, analizzando la vasta e stratificata legislazione in materia di marchi, denominazioni d'origine, Made in Italy e diritto d'autore. Alla luce delle trasformazioni dei fenomeni contraffattivi e in ossequio al principio di sussidiarietà lo studio si propone di vagliare l'efficacia delle molteplici misure di carattere repressivo recentemente introdotte in un ambito soggetto ad intense spinte di criminalizzazione, promuovendo altresì una maggiore razionalità dell'intervento punitivo unitamente ad una più spiccata sensibilità tanto sui confini dei comportamenti penalmente rilevanti, tanto sulla prevedibilità delle decisioni giudiziarie. Tra le research questions del lavoro si pongono anche la necessità di verificare l'esistenza di uno statuto penale degli Internet Service Provider, nonché la valutazione della posizione del singolo consumatore/acquirente grazie a un approccio "giurisprudenziale" e casistico. Un ampio interesse è inoltre dedicato alla comprensione dei modelli di common law e in particolare del diritto federale statunitense favorendo un'analisi comparatistica e orientata alle fonti sovranazionali oramai ineludibile, specialmente nella materia in esame. ; The paper deals with the criminal regulation of intellectual property rights, analyzing the huge and layered legislation on trademarks, appellations of origin, "made in Italy" and copyright. Having considered the transformations of counterfeiting phenomena and in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, the study aims to investigate the effectiveness of various repressive measures recently introduced in an area subject to intense pressures of criminalization, in order to encourage greater rationality in punitive intervention together with a more marked sensibility on the predictability of judicial decisions. Among the research questions of the work, and thanks to a 'case law' approach, there are: the need to verify the existence of a criminal statute of Internet Service Providers, as well as an evaluation of the individual consumer / buyer position. A broad space is also devoted to the understanding of the common law models and in particular the US federal law encouraging comparative analysis between Italian and European standards.

This volume aims to investigate, with an interdisciplinary approach, how legal property regimes, land law and land registration systems are intertwined with economic, social, and political spheres; to analyse the social functions and legal and political implications of various land registration systems in different contexts and how, for example, they operated in a colonial framework; to scrutinise the relations between politics and property, as well as the transformation of the property concept, in its meaning and function. ; Introduction / Elisabetta Fiocchi Malaspina - Simona Tarozzi (pp. 9-13). -- Transfer of Immovable Properties, Publicity and Land Law in the Age of Justinian: the Perspective of the Praetorian Prefect / Silvia Schiavo (pp. 15-28). -- L'evasione fiscale come problema circolare nelle esperienze storiche: esempi della tarda antichità / Paola Bianchi (pp. 29-50). -- Land Grant in Late Antiquity: a pattern for Modern Colonial Regulations? / Simona Tarozzi (pp. 51-67). -- Contextualización iushistórica de la reforma agraria chilena (siglo XX) / Agustín Parise (pp. 69-93). -- La influencia del Derecho Romano en la adquisición y en el sistema de transferencia en los derechos reales en el siglo XIX, Argentina / Pamela Alejandra Cacciavillani (pp. 95-110). -- The indigenous concept of land in Andean constitutionalism / Silvia Bagni (pp. 111-136). -- The "trascrizione" system in Italy from the end of the nineteenth century to the promulgation of the civil code (1942) / Alan Sandonà (pp. 137-160). -- Registro e colonialismo em Angola / Mariana Dias Paes (pp. 161-176). -- Tracing Social Spaces: Global Perspectives on the History of Land Registration / Elisabetta Fiocchi Malaspina (pp. 177-202). -- The politics of real property in the Kingdom of Sardinia, 1720–1848 / Charles Bartlett (pp. 203-226).

Public policies on libraries and copyright are aimed at fostering knowledge and protecting everyone's freedom of expression. However, in the digital environment, copyright policies acquired a major role on library services resulting in severe constraints to their normal operation. While EU strategies in support of libraries are mainly based on incentives and non-binding recommendations, exclusive intellectual exploitation rights are very strictly regulated, with the result of preventing the natural spread of knowledge both at a national and international level. As a consequence of these policies, libraries today face complex negotiations to get licence agreements often inadequate to their mission.The paper points out the major problems to be solved, and clarifies the reasons behind the reforms that have been proposed in WIPO and in the European Union in order to harmonize, expand and strengthen the limitations and exceptions to copyright: to promote access to cultural and creative content and foster the production of new knowledge. ; Nell'ottica dei diritti fondamentali, le politiche pubbliche in materia di biblioteche e di diritto d'autore rispondono a finalità di promozione culturale e di tutela della libertà di manifestazione del pensiero. In ambiente digitale, i diritti di privativa hanno però assunto un peso preponderante sui servizi bibliotecari, determinando forti condizionamenti al loro normale esercizio. Mentre le strategie dell'Unione Europea a sostegno delle biblioteche, confidando nella capacità di autoregolazione del mercato, si basano prevalentemente su incentivi e raccomandazioni non vincolanti, i diritti esclusivi di utilizzazione economica di autori e loro aventi causa fanno leva da decenni su una produzione normativa intensa e incessante che ha finito per condizionare pesantemente la diffusione della conoscenza a livello nazionale, europeo e internazionale. Per effetto di queste politiche le biblioteche oggi devono affrontare complesse negoziazioni per ottenere contratti di licenza d'uso spesso non soddisfacenti in rapporto alla loro missione di servizio.L'articolo evidenzia le principali criticità da risolvere e le ragioni a sostegno delle riforme che sono state proposte – sia in ambito OMPI sia nell'Unione Europea – al fine di armonizzare, ampliare e rafforzare il sistema delle «eccezioni e limitazioni» al diritto d'autore, in modo da garantire un accesso più ampio possibile alla produzione culturale e incoraggiare la produzione di nuova conoscenza favorendo il confronto culturale e creativo.

1.Introduction - 2. Biobanks. Defining the framework – 3. Searching for the legal sources – 4. The international scene – 4.1. The UNESCO Declarations – 4.2. The Recommendation of the Council of Europe - 4.3. - Soft law instruments - 5. European legislation - 6. So close, so far: a look to the Spanish legislation – 7. The Italian national regulatory framework – 7.1. The Italian Data Protection Authority authorization – 7.2. Recent trends: the "regionalization" of biobanks' law in Italy – 8. Concluding remarks

1.Introduction - 2. Biobanks. Defining the framework – 3. Searching for the legal sources – 4. The international scene – 4.1. The UNESCO Declarations – 4.2. The Recommendation of the Council of Europe - 4.3. - Soft law instruments - 5. European legislation - 6. So close, so far: a look to the Spanish legislation – 7. The Italian national regulatory framework – 7.1. The Italian Data Protection Authority authorization – 7.2. Recent trends: the "regionalization" of biobanks' law in Italy – 8. Concluding remarks

The right to a name belongs today fully to the catalog of personality rights. As such, it is not only an identifying instrument of the person, but also an essential and indispensable part of his identity. As a fundamental right, the name is the object of protection by various legal instruments which, for example, recognize the right of every person to be given a name and to be able to preserve the identity thus constituted throughout it for life. Precisely because of its significance, the name is often also the object of conflicting interests that cannot always be reconciled, outlining questions of considerable legal interest; think of the question from the attribution of a proper name not corresponding to sex, to the attribution of ridiculous or shameful proper names, or to the age-old question of the transmission of the maternal surname, on which Italy represents the "black jersey" of the 'European Union.

This paper aims to outline some issues concerning the interaction, in the European Union law, between Open Data policy in the Public Sector Information and Open Science policy. On the one hand, such issues concern intellectual property: exclusive rights deriving from patents, copyright, trademarks, trade secrets. On the other hand, they concern the exclusive control of data not related to intellectual property as designed by international and national regulations (intellectual property in a narrow sense), but they regard the exclusive control deriving from abnormal forms of intellectual property ("pseudo-intellectual property") and from the actual power enhanced by technology. This exclusive control can add to (or be independent from) the protection of intellectual property conferred by law. The reflection is triggered by a novelty in the European Union policy on Open data in the Public Sector Information. The Directive 2019/1024/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of 20 June 2019 on open data and the re-use of public sector information ("Open Data Directive") changes the course of research data (article 10, recitals 27 and 28), now included in its scope. The thesis advanced by this paper is the following. Next to creating public infrastructures and implementing open standards for texts, data and code, it is necessary to restrict and reorganize the intellectual property rights on data. The restriction and reorganization of intellectual property rights are amongst the tools to attempt to decrease the market power of data oligopolies. The future autonomy and freedom of research institutions (first of all, universities) and, ultimately, the future of democracy, are at stake. Questo scritto mira a delineare alcuni problemi riguardanti l'interazione, nel diritto dell'Unione Europea, tra politiche di apertura dei dati nel settore pubblico e politiche sulla scienza aperta. Per un verso, essi riguardano la proprietà intellettuale: diritti di esclusiva derivanti da brevetti per invenzione, diritti d'autore, ...

Intellectual freedom has a continual implementation at library, particularly in collection development.This article first examines intellectual freedom and censorship in some statements of IFLA, of few European library associations and, last, of ALA. The ALA's tools to defend intellectual freedom are then analyzed, focusing in particular, compliant to the specific ALA "manual", on collections development and selection policies and on resources reconsideration procedure, as tools for prevention and defense policies against challenges to intellectual freedom in library. Then this article explains the main types of censorship concerning library collections, including the self-censorship, also called "silent censorship", its characteristics and strategies against it; furthermore this paper deals with a particular type of commercial pressure in the process of selection, with the risk of overlapping collections. Finally, this article exposes the position of Michael Gorman in relation to intellectual freedom, reaffirming again: intellectual freedom is a value also for collections development and selection. ; La libertà intellettuale ha una continua applicazione in biblioteca, particolarmente nell'ambito dello sviluppo delle collezioni. Questo articolo in primo luogo esamina la libertà intellettuale e la censura nelle dichiarazioni dell'IFLA, di alcune associazioni bibliotecarie europee e, infine, dell'ALA. Quindi vengono analizzati gli strumenti dell'ALA a difesa della libertà intellettuale, soffermandosi in particolare, seguendo lo specifico "manuale" dell'ALA, sulle politiche di sviluppo e di selezione delle collezioni e sulla procedura di riconsiderazione dei materiali, in quanto policies fondamentali a prevenzione e difesa dagli eventuali attacchi alla libertà intellettuale in biblioteca. Vengono poi esaminate le principali tipologie di censura che riguardano le collezioni delle biblioteche ed anche l'autocensura, detta anche "censura sileziosa", le sue caratteristiche e le strategie di difesa, e si fa riferimento ad un particolare tipo di pressione commerciale nel processo di selezione, tendente all'omologazione delle collezioni. Infine viene presa in considerazione la posizione di Micheal Gorman relativamente alla libertà intellettuale, riaffermando ancora la libertà intellettuale come un valore anche per la selezione e lo sviluppo delle collezioni.

Cover -- quartino -- Table of Contents -- Introduction. The Renewed Attention for the Protection of the Cultural Expressions in Crisis Areas -- Countering the Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property. Implementation Experience in Argentina -- SESSION 1 Protecting Cultural Heritage to Maintain International Peace and Security: Key Points -- Antiquities Trafficking and Conflict Financing: The Fight Against Looting and Smuggling of Cultural Property Goods in a Global Perspective of Peace -- Assistance by Peacekeeping Forces to Protection of Cultural Heritage and International Criminal Responsibility -- SESSION 2 Protecting Diversity of Cultural Expression and Cultural Heritage to Maintain International Peace and Security: Contemporary Issues -- Cultural Protection Policy in the Syrian Arab Republic An International Law Perspective -- Contrasto del terrorismo e protezione dei beni e delle espressioni culturali: l'esperienza della Tunisia -- Cultural Heritage in Oman Forts, Castles and Fortifications as Models -- SESSION 3 Peacekeeping and Protection of Diversity of Cultural Expression and Cultural Heritage -- UN Security Council Approaches to the Global Safeguarding of Cultural Heritage: An Evolving Role in Preventing the Illicit Traffic of Cultural Objects -- Closing Remarks -- The Protection of Cultural Heritagein the Context of the Maintenance of Peaceand Security: The Way Ahead -- After the Workshop Steps Forwards -- Exploitation of Natural Resources in Timesof Armed Conflict: The Contributionof the United Nations and Peace Operationsin Addressing Resource-Related Conflicts -- The Relationship Between the Protection of Tangible and Intangible Cultural Heritage under International Law -- Reflecting on the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage as a War Crime in Light of the ICC Judgement in the Al Mahdi Case -- Cultural Genocide

This paper attempts to find a much-needed balance between data protection rights and trade secret rights on customer information in the European Union framework. Our analysis proposes a "shared management" of secret data between businesses and customers based on an operation of de-contextualization of customer databases. Several rights are in conflict in these two legal domains. For instance, the right to access to personal data and the new proposed right to "data portability" conflict with the interests of trade secret holders. What is even more problematic is that both analyzed legal frameworks are more and more based on a "proprietary" approach to data: they are both a form of abstract "monopoly". In a first step we analyze, in comparison with USA law, when and how the scope of data protection and trade secret protection coincide in practice, according to the proposed EU reforms in the field. As illustrated by literature, balancing rules in these two frameworks are vague and schizophrenic. However, from a literal interpretation of the analyzed it is possible to understand a "favor" for data protection rights. In analyzing the apparent favor to personality rights compared to other (e.g., economic) rights we investigate (both in USA and selected European states) trade secrets in the perspective of personality rights and data protection rights. As a result of our study we propose a change in perspective from the contrast between customers and businesses, to the conflict between customers and businessmen that enables us to verify whether and when personality rights of data subjects affect the above-mentioned personality rights of businessman in practice. the paper proposes to "decontextualize" secret data so that customers can access only data strictly related to their biographical information while trade secret holders can be free not to disclose the output of their data processing (behavior evaluation, forecast, studies on life expectancy, personalized marketing plan, pricing, etc.) if disclosure can adversely affect their interests. In this framework the "proprietary" approach of European laws must be caught as an opportunity, not as an obstacle: we can consider secret data as a "shared good" of customers and businessmen. A multi-level management of data should be based on interests that are common to customers and trade secret holders (secrecy and data updating).

This paper aims at critically addressing the issue of intellectual property in the biomedical and health fields, focusing on the equitable and rapid distribution of anti-COVID-19 vaccines on a global scale. The main allegation is not new: open science is incompatible with policies aimed at extending and strengthening intellectual property. However, this same thesis deserves further attention in relation to the ongoing public debate and national and international policy choices. The paper starts from the refutation of the arguments in favour of private patents on vaccines (paragraph 2), then it provides an overview on of the debate on downstream policies (paragraph 3) and discusses some upstream policies (paragraph 4); some conclusions follow (paragraph 5). Questo scritto intende affrontare criticamente il tema della proprietà intellettuale in campo biomedico e sanitario, con particolare riferimento alla questione dell'equa e rapida distribuzione su scala globale dei vaccini anti-COVID-19. La tesi di fondo non è nuova: la scienza aperta è inconciliabile con politiche di estensione e rafforzamento della proprietà intellettuale. Pur non essendo nuova, la tesi merita un approfondimento in relazione al dibattito pubblico in corso e alle scelte politiche nazionali e internazionali. Si prenderà le mosse dalla confutazione degli argomenti a favore di brevetti privati sui vaccini (paragrafo 2), per poi offrire una sintesi del dibattito sulle politiche a valle (paragrafo 3), discutere alcune politiche a monte (paragrafo 4) e infine svolgere alcune conclusioni (paragrafo 5). ; https://www.robertocaso.it/2021/05/19/pandemia-e-vaccini-lirrisolvibile-antagonismo-tra-scienza-aperta-e-proprieta-intellettuale/