Suchergebnisse

The aim of the publication is to reveal the necessary changes in the basic structure and content of officers' qualifications arising from the digitization of business processes and other aspects of the development of Industry 4.0. The article discusses the reasons for the change in officers' education and training qualifications, presents the officer education and training model, the primary input of which is "emerging threats", justifies that all fourofficer education and training models "Jena", "Falkland Islands", "Kosovo" arose when the troops faced challenges (threats), all changes are usually reactive in nature. The article reveals "Industry 4.0", "Industrial Revolution 4" and other directly used concepts, presents the components/features of "Industry 4.0": high-speed Internet, powerful sensors, artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and a myriad of other components and connectors. With the rapid development of technology and the creative discovery of new combinations of them in unpredictable ways, the potential scale of threats and opportunities is not widely assessed, and future officers should begin to prepare for new challenges now. The empirical part of the article is based on a survey of the opinion of soldiers (non-commissioned officers, officers) serving/retired, which was conducted in 2021 at the Lithuanian Military Academy. The study found that the structure and content of the basic officer training program is constantly changing, formal and informal changes are seen, some changes are consolidated by changing the programs, others take place to adapt to the current, real situation. The informants revealed six factors that led to changes in the programs, all of which are thought to be of a reactionary nature. The survey did not provide evidence that program changes would be driven by the future penetration of future technologies. During the research, all informants provided examples of technological innovations and the application of innovations in the Lithuanian Armed Forces. Most of the informants said that drones are widely used in LAF and drones are changing the war, but there is no formal training in training future officers. The informants confirmed that they are monitoring the penetration of new technologies in LAF, and they also see the need to change/supplement the curriculum of future officers' education and training so that future officers receive technological training. It was also emphasized that it was necessary to combine academic and military education and training efforts and seek synergies in the training of fully-fledged future officers.

The aim of the publication is to reveal the necessary changes in the basic structure and content of officers' qualifications arising from the digitization of business processes and other aspects of the development of Industry 4.0. The article discusses the reasons for the change in officers' education and training qualifications, presents the officer education and training model, the primary input of which is "emerging threats", justifies that all fourofficer education and training models "Jena", "Falkland Islands", "Kosovo" arose when the troops faced challenges (threats), all changes are usually reactive in nature. The article reveals "Industry 4.0", "Industrial Revolution 4" and other directly used concepts, presents the components/features of "Industry 4.0": high-speed Internet, powerful sensors, artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and a myriad of other components and connectors. With the rapid development of technology and the creative discovery of new combinations of them in unpredictable ways, the potential scale of threats and opportunities is not widely assessed, and future officers should begin to prepare for new challenges now. The empirical part of the article is based on a survey of the opinion of soldiers (non-commissioned officers, officers) serving/retired, which was conducted in 2021 at the Lithuanian Military Academy. The study found that the structure and content of the basic officer training program is constantly changing, formal and informal changes are seen, some changes are consolidated by changing the programs, others take place to adapt to the current, real situation. The informants revealed six factors that led to changes in the programs, all of which are thought to be of a reactionary nature. The survey did not provide evidence that program changes would be driven by the future penetration of future technologies. During the research, all informants provided examples of technological innovations and the application of innovations in the Lithuanian Armed Forces. Most of the informants said that drones are widely used in LAF and drones are changing the war, but there is no formal training in training future officers. The informants confirmed that they are monitoring the penetration of new technologies in LAF, and they also see the need to change/supplement the curriculum of future officers' education and training so that future officers receive technological training. It was also emphasized that it was necessary to combine academic and military education and training efforts and seek synergies in the training of fully-fledged future officers.

First manifestations of the Lithuanisation in the Lithuanian Catholic Church have been seen in the historical literature since the middle of the 19th century. The problem of Church depolonisation remained live in the beginning of 20th century and after 1918. Specific situation emerged when the interests of the Catholic Church and state crossed very often and sometimes went in the same direction. Collision could not happen between State and Church because Lithuanians – Catholic clergymen – were spreaders of national and public ideas. Based on the materials found in the curia archives of Kaunas archdiocese and using data obtained from periodicals of the period, the author aims at disclosing the attitude of the hierarchy of the Lithuanian Catholic Church (Samogitian diocese) towards the first government loan of 1919. The focus in the paper will be held on the question why the Lithuanian Catholic Church refused to act according its strategic line – lithuanisation of the Church during the announcement about the first governmental loan. State institutions in Poland were interested about the destiny of the first government loan. Deepening Polish-Lithuanian conflict supposed great interest of Polish intelligence office in Lithuania. The reports of Polish intelligence officers sent from Kaunas describing Kaunas life could be found in the Central Archive of Polish Army in Rembertow (Warsaw). Second part of sources consist of the periodicals of Lithuanian Christian Democratic party: "Laisvė" (Freedom) and "Vienybė" (Unity). These newspapers kept track of events in Lithuanian political, cultural, economic and social life realities very carefully and so formed the civic position of its readers. A complicated geopolitical situation and a host of internal problems aggravated the consolidation of the statehood of Lithuania. The first government loan of 1919 marked a desire to improve financial status of the young Lithuanian state.[.].

First manifestations of the Lithuanisation in the Lithuanian Catholic Church have been seen in the historical literature since the middle of the 19th century. The problem of Church depolonisation remained live in the beginning of 20th century and after 1918. Specific situation emerged when the interests of the Catholic Church and state crossed very often and sometimes went in the same direction. Collision could not happen between State and Church because Lithuanians – Catholic clergymen – were spreaders of national and public ideas. Based on the materials found in the curia archives of Kaunas archdiocese and using data obtained from periodicals of the period, the author aims at disclosing the attitude of the hierarchy of the Lithuanian Catholic Church (Samogitian diocese) towards the first government loan of 1919. The focus in the paper will be held on the question why the Lithuanian Catholic Church refused to act according its strategic line – lithuanisation of the Church during the announcement about the first governmental loan. State institutions in Poland were interested about the destiny of the first government loan. Deepening Polish-Lithuanian conflict supposed great interest of Polish intelligence office in Lithuania. The reports of Polish intelligence officers sent from Kaunas describing Kaunas life could be found in the Central Archive of Polish Army in Rembertow (Warsaw). Second part of sources consist of the periodicals of Lithuanian Christian Democratic party: "Laisvė" (Freedom) and "Vienybė" (Unity). These newspapers kept track of events in Lithuanian political, cultural, economic and social life realities very carefully and so formed the civic position of its readers. A complicated geopolitical situation and a host of internal problems aggravated the consolidation of the statehood of Lithuania. The first government loan of 1919 marked a desire to improve financial status of the young Lithuanian state.[.].

First manifestations of the Lithuanisation in the Lithuanian Catholic Church have been seen in the historical literature since the middle of the 19th century. The problem of Church depolonisation remained live in the beginning of 20th century and after 1918. Specific situation emerged when the interests of the Catholic Church and state crossed very often and sometimes went in the same direction. Collision could not happen between State and Church because Lithuanians – Catholic clergymen – were spreaders of national and public ideas. Based on the materials found in the curia archives of Kaunas archdiocese and using data obtained from periodicals of the period, the author aims at disclosing the attitude of the hierarchy of the Lithuanian Catholic Church (Samogitian diocese) towards the first government loan of 1919. The focus in the paper will be held on the question why the Lithuanian Catholic Church refused to act according its strategic line – lithuanisation of the Church during the announcement about the first governmental loan. State institutions in Poland were interested about the destiny of the first government loan. Deepening Polish-Lithuanian conflict supposed great interest of Polish intelligence office in Lithuania. The reports of Polish intelligence officers sent from Kaunas describing Kaunas life could be found in the Central Archive of Polish Army in Rembertow (Warsaw). Second part of sources consist of the periodicals of Lithuanian Christian Democratic party: "Laisvė" (Freedom) and "Vienybė" (Unity). These newspapers kept track of events in Lithuanian political, cultural, economic and social life realities very carefully and so formed the civic position of its readers. A complicated geopolitical situation and a host of internal problems aggravated the consolidation of the statehood of Lithuania. The first government loan of 1919 marked a desire to improve financial status of the young Lithuanian state.[.].