Suchergebnisse

U Hrvatskom povijesnom muzeju čuvaju se odlikovanja i diplome kojima je odlikovan mađarski državljanin Nándor Taróczy-Szmazsenka, zagonetna osoba iz vojno-obavještajne sredine. Rodio se u Debrecenu 20. prosinca 1874. U Prvom svjetskom ratu dvaput je ranjen te je pošteđen službe na bojištu i premješten u administrativnu službu na okupiranim područjima Srbije, Poljske i Italije. Od sloma Austro-Ugarske Monarhije (1918.) do 1928. godine služio je vojsku Kraljevine Mađarske, a zatim je umirovljen. Znao je šest jezika i bio je vrlo obrazovan. Bavio se društvenim i političkim temama. U travnju i svibnju 1925. obišao je Sovjetski Savez i ondje sklopio poznanstva i veze. Već je tada predvidio da će ta zemlja postati svjetskom silom, a Zapad je kritizirao zbog "sebičnog materijalizma". Sovjeti su mu se kasnije odužili; u veljači 1945. uspio je sklopiti sporazum s jednim od zapovjednika Crvene armije i njegovi vojnici nisu dirali ljude i imovinu četvrti Budimpešte u kojoj je Taróczy živio. Pedesetih godina 20. stoljeća Mađari su mu oduzeli mirovinu i kuću te je radio kao noćni čuvar. Preživio je nekoliko političkih sustava i umro je u Budimpešti 1973. godine u dobi od 99 godina. Nándor Taróczy-Szmazsenka boravio je u baltičkim državama Estoniji, Latviji i Litvi nakon umirovljenja, vjerojatno u vojno-obavještajnoj službi. Ondje je odlikovan ordenima tih zemalja. Godine 1929. dobio je od Latvije Komanderski znak Ordena triju zvijezda. Godine 1931. dobio je od Estonije Orden orlovog križa II. stupnja. Godine 1933. dobio je od Litve Komanderski znak Ordena velikog litavskog kneza Gedimina. Ta odlikovanja i diplome prikupio je zagrebački kolekcionar i donator dr. Veljko Malinar još za života Nándora Taróczyja-Szmazsenke. Dana 4. lipnja 1971. dr. Malinar zamijenio je sva tri odlikovanja s odlikovanjima Povijesnog muzeja Hrvatske, današnjeg Hrvatskog povijesnog muzeja. Zanimljivo je spomenuti da pritom nisu zamijenjene i pripadajuće diplome, ali one su ipak dospjele u muzej nakon smrti dr. Malinara 1990. godine. ; The Croatian History Museum keeps orders and diplomas issued to the Hungarian citizen Nándor Taróczy-Szmazsenka, a mysterious figure from the milieu of military intelligence. He was born in Debrecen on 20 December 1874. Wounded twice in World War I and released from duty on the front lines, he was posted to administrative service in the occupied regions of Serbia, Poland and Italy. After the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1918) he served in the army of the Kingdom of Hungary until 1928, and then retired. He spoke six languages and was highly educated. He was interested in social and political subjects. In April and May 1925 he visited the Soviet Union and made many acquaintances and connections there. He foresaw, in those early days, that the country would become a world power and criticised the West for "selfish materialism". The Soviets later repaid him, in February 1945 he managed to make an arrangement with a Red Army commander and his soldiers did not touch the people or property in the Budapest quarter where Taróczy lived. In the 1950s the Hungarians stopped his pension and took away his house and he worked as a night guard. He survived several political systems and died in Budapest in 1973 at the age of 99. After his retirement Nándor Taróczy-Szmazsenka spent time in the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, probably in military intelligence. There he was decorated with the orders of those countries. In 1929 Latvia made him Commander of the Order of the Three Stars. In 1931 Estonia awarded him the Order of the Cross of the Eagle, 2nd class. In 1933 Lithuania awarded him the Commander's Cross of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas. The Zagreb collector and donor Dr Veljko Malinar acquired these decorations during Nándor Taróczy-Szmazsenka's lifetime. On 4 June 1971 Dr Malinar exchanged all the three orders with orders in the History Museum of Croatia, today the Croatian History Museum. It is interesting to mention that the diplomas belonging to the orders were not exchanged at the time, but they did come to the museum after Dr Malinar's death in 1990.