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Hing, N orcid:0000-0002-2150-9784; Russell, AM orcid:0000-0002-3685-7220 ; This research study was commissioned by Gambling Research Australia to investigate how Australians are using interactive gambling services and the impact of interactive gambling on land‐based gambling and gambling‐related problems. A multi‐modal research study was conducted over three years including a nationally representative telephone survey (N=15,006), an online survey of gamblers (N=4,594), interviews with interactive gamblers (N=50) and with interactive gamblers seeking treatment (N=31), and collection of data from gambling help services. Previous Australian and international research has been largely limited by the use of small, non‐representative samples and measurement issues such as considering interactive gambling as a distinct form of gambling, rather than a mode of access, and failing to control for potentially confounding variables, such as overall gambling involvement. The current study defined an interactive gambler as someone who had gambled on at least one interactive form in the past year, not excluding other gambling modes. Taken together, the results suggest that interactive gamblers are most likely to be male and younger than land‐based gamblers, suggesting that this mode may continue to grow in popularity among the next generation of gamblers. Interactive gamblers have more positive views of gambling than land‐based gamblers and were engaged in a significantly greater number of gambling activities. In particular, interactive gamblers were more likely to gamble on sports, races and poker, as compared to non‐interactive gamblers, who were most likely to gamble on electronic gaming machines (EGMs). The most popular online activities were interactive sports and race wagering, and interactive gamblers conducted the majority of their betting online. Overall, convenience and ease of access is driving use of interactive gambling, followed by more competitive products and pricing as well as the comfort of gambling from home. Despite these advantages, substantial minorities of interactive gamblers view this mode as too convenient and have concerns about the security and integrity of interactive sites. Gamblers were most likely to choose an interactive operator based on competitive price and promotions, as well as reputation and products offered and while most preferred domestically regulated sites, at least one‐third of interactive gamblers were not concerned about gambling with offshore providers. Over three‐quarters of interactive gamblers reported using interactive modes for at least half of their gambling and approximately onefifth reported gambling either entirely online or mostly offline, indicating that this mode is used in various ways by gamblers depending on their preferences. The national telephone survey indicated that the past year prevalence of adult gambling participation in Australia was 64% and 8% of adults engaged in at least one form of interactive gambling. The prevalence of problem gambling in the adult population was 0.6% (or 1% of gamblers), although 18.6% of gamblers reported experiencing at least some negative consequences of gambling (12% of the adult population). Interactive gamblers appeared to be at greater risk of experiencing some problems; however, the study did not allow causality to be determined and it is likely that the greater overall gambling involvement and intensity of interactive gamblers plays an important role in the experience of harms. Differences were found in the forms of gambling related to problems, with interactive gamblers most likely to report problems related to race wagering, EGMs and sports betting, while non‐interactive gambling problems appeared mostly related to EGMs. Risk factors for greater problem gambling severity among interactive gamblers included being male, younger, and a non‐English speaker at home as well as greater gambling participation and betting on sports, races and poker. The specific features of interactive gambling which appear to have the greatest negative impact included its constant availability and convenience (combined with isolation, boredom and distress), use of electronic funds, online accounts and gambling with credit, which reduced the salience of losses and wins, ability to play in private and hide betting, and advertisements and promotions, including inducements to gamble. As participation in interactive gambling appears to be relatively recent and increasing, it is possible that related problems might increase over time with increased participation in this activity. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that interactive gambling is causing higher levels of gambling problems. Around half of the moderate risk and problem interactive gamblers in the online survey reported existing problems before gambling online, and one‐third indicated their problems were related to land‐based forms. Interactive gambling problems accounted for a small proportion of gamblers presenting to help services, indicating that land‐based problems and EGM use in particular remains the dominant form of gambling associated with problems in Australia. However, interactive gamblers were also less likely to report seeking help for gambling problems. These results suggest that for a substantial proportion of interactive gamblers experiencing difficulties, these problems are related to non‐interactive modes. It is important to be mindful of the limitations of this research, including the omission of mobile phones from the telephone survey, reliance on self‐report and the low numbers of interactive gamblers in the population, making comparison of sub‐groups difficult. The cross‐sectional nature of the research does not allow causal inferences to be drawn and further research is recommended, including evaluation of prevention and treatment programs specifically focused on interactive modes of gambling. Despite these limitations, this study is the most comprehensive examination of interactive gambling in Australia, and one of the most extensive studies internationally and makes a significant contribution to the understanding of interactive gambling. The use of multiple complementary research methods enables greater insight into how interactive gambling is changing engagement in gambling. It can be concluded from this research that interactive gamblers are a heterogeneous population, yet there appear to be significant differences between this group and land‐based gamblers. It is likely that participation in this mode will increase and proactive efforts by all key stakeholders should aim to address issues related to the integration of interactive technologies in gambling. ; Associated Grant:Commonwealth, State and Territory Governments

Interactive teaching is an epitomic strategy that engages as many learners as possible, consequently encouraging the gratification of learning, research methods and heuristic. The entertainment process tends to motivate learning, expands communicative skills, stimulates critical thinking and brings academic contentment. Edutainment is designed to educate through entertainment. Recurrently it encompasses content intended to teach but has concomitant entertainment value. It has been produced by academia, corporations, governments, and other establishments in various countries to distribute information in classrooms and/or via television, radio, media, CMCs etc. Interactive teaching strategy focuses on the transition from passive learners to more active ones, facilitating maximum involvement during lectures, thus an academic metamorphosis takes place - info recipients are becoming completely implied peers of the academic affair. Moreover, it is the methodology of combining the practices of teaching and the form of game to enchant the students and make the utmost of the games operational effect to help education.

The standard state-spaces of asymmetric information preclude non-trivial forms of unawareness (Modica and Rustichini (Theory Decision 37 (1994) 107-124); Dekel, Lipman and Rustichini (Econometrica 66 (1998) 159-173)). We introduce a generalized state-space model that allows for non-trivial unawareness among several individuals, and which satisfies strong properties of knowledge as well as all the desiderata on unawareness proposed this far in the literature. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ; Financial support during the preparation of earlier drafts from the European Union via a Marie-Curie Individual Fellowship (HPMF-2002-02073) is gratefully acknowledged. Financial support by the DFG and DAAD is gratefully acknowledged. ; Peer Reviewed

In this article we develop a model of individual choice to study the determinants of faculty members allocation of effort between interactive and non interactive activities. This model is tested by using censored and discrete choice econometric models to estimate optimum effort allocated to interactive activities and real interaction. We conclude, first, that individual responds to non-monetary rather than monetary incentives and to the difficulty of producing non-interactive rather than interactive knowledge. Second, we detect the possible existence of rationing, since optimum effort and real interaction depend on different variables.

AbstractThis paper provides an account of truth in interactive fiction. Interactive fiction allows the audience to make choices, resulting in many different possible fictions within each interactive fiction, unlike in literary fiction where there is just one. Adequately capturing this feature of interactive fiction requires us to address familiar issues regarding impossible fiction and the nature of time in fiction. Truth in interactive fiction thus requires a complex account to capture its multitude of fictions. It is argued that a full account of truth in interactive fiction requires distinguishing two works for each interactive fiction, which contain distinct fictional truths. The actual work encompasses what is in fact represented as fictional (hence mistakes can be fictionally true in this work), whilst in the implied work, truth in fiction is governed by authorial intention, hence mistakes are not fictionally true. This dual account best captures our aesthetic evaluation of interactive fictions, for which we often need to distinguish how the work actually is from how it was intended to be.

AbstractThe study of active matter systems demonstrates how interactions might co-constitute agential dynamics. Active matter systems are comprised of self-propelled independent entities which, en masse, take part in complex and interesting collective group behaviors at a far-from-equilibrium state (Menon, 2010; Takatori & Brady, 2015). These systems are modelled using very simple rules (Vicsek at al. 1995), which reveal the interactive nature of the collective behaviors seen from humble to highly complex entities. Here I show how the study of active matter systems supports two related proposals regarding interaction and agency. First, I argue that the study of interactive dynamics in these systems evidences the utility of treating interaction as an ontological category (Longino, 2021) and challenges methodological individualism as the received explanatory primitive in the study of agency. Second, the methods used to research active matter systems demonstrate how a minimal approach to agency can scale up in studying interactive agential dynamics in more complex systems. The examples of coordination dynamics (Kelso, 2001) and participatory sense-making (De Jaegher & Di Paolo, 2007) are provided to show how understanding agency requires us to look beyond the individuals to the interactive agential dynamics that can guide, scaffold, or constrain their activity.

The popularity of online behavioral experiments grew steadily even before the COVID-19 pandemic. With the start of lockdowns, online studies were often the only available option for the behavioral economists, sociologists and political scientists. The usage of most well-known platforms such as mTurk was so intensive that it harmed the quality of data. But even before the pandemics-induced quality crisis, online studies were limited in scope, since real-time interactions between participants were hard to achieve due to the large proportion of drop-outs and issues with creating stable groups. Using the crowdsourcing platform Toloka, we successfully ran several multi-round interactive experiments. Toloka's large online audience, relatively low exposure of participants to sociological surveys and behavioral studies, and a convenient application programming interface makes it a perfect tool to run behavioral studies that require real-time interactions of participants.

The late 1500s was a difficult period for the Dutch in terms of water management. Over the course of the century, the regional water management boards had difficult maintaining the flood defenses, as a result natural floods became more frequent and devastating, as evidence in the All Saints Day Flood in 1570. At the same time, the Dutch Wars of Independence erupted, which exacerbated the problems through the addition of countless man-made floods, carried out to secure military objectives. These military inundations were ubiquitous and accompanied nearly every single military encounter. This digital history exhibit provides a brief account of the natural and military inundations during the Dutch Wars of Independence. Along with providing a general overview of the nature of the inundations, it examines the strategic floods during the encounters at Brill, Alkmaar, Leiden, Antwerp and numerous others.