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M. Lipton is correct that there is an important place in development studies for interdisciplinary studies. ("Interdisciplinary Studies in Less Developed Countries," Journal of Development Studies, 1970, 7, 1, Oct, 5-18). He presents, however, only one aspect of the case, & by the illogical rejection of an argument which, although ambiguous, leads in the right direction, he misses an important additional argument for interdisciplinary studies. By denying the role of 'functional specialization' in less-developed countries (LDC), problems arise from the scarcity of resources, other than human labor & economic problems dealing with 'access' & 'security'. There are a number of arguments for interdisciplinary studies within the social sciences; the strongest is based on the prevalence in LDC's of multiplex patterns of interpersonal relationships, typically within a local context, which often invalidate traditional assumptions about the objectives of the actors in certain situations. There is a strong case for interdisciplinary studies embracing the social sciences & the earth & medical sciences. It is unlikely that interdisciplinary studies will lead to the emergence of a new pattern of nearly independent single discipline studies. Modified HA.

Academic skills are the tools that enable you to gain, develop and critically discuss new knowledge during and after your Bachelor's and Master's programme. This handbook offers practical instructions, tips, and tricks that help undergraduate students to develop the skills needed for an interdisciplinary curriculum. The book focuses on the following elements: How to study effectively, reading scientific literature, collecting and assessing literature for your research, argumentation, academic writing, presentation skills, scientific interviews, debating, reflection, critical thinking